合肥七中2024高三（上）第四次質(zhì)檢（英語）試卷

合肥七中2024高三（上）第四次質(zhì)檢（英語）試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.What'stheweatherlikenow?A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Cloudy.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Businesspartners. C.Friends.3.Whenwillthespeakersgetthere?A.At9:45a.m. B.At9:30a.m. C.At9:15a.m.4.Whywasthewomanlate?A.Shemissedthetaxi. B.Thetaxihadanaccident. C.Shegotinjured.5.Whowillbeginthelecture?A.Dr.White. B.Dr.Hopkins. C.Prof.Pears.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或讀白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahotel. B.Intheman'soffice. C.Inapostoffice.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Fetchanenvelope. B.Sendsomepapersbyfax. C.Godownstairs.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatshapeofglassesdoesthemanrecommend?A.Square. B.Round. C.Heart-shaped.9.Whichglassesaretheleastpopular?A.Theredones. B.Thegoldones. C.Thepurpleones.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemangotothewoman?A.Toborrowbooks. B.Tosubmithiswork. C.Toaskfortimeextension.11.Whosebookisthemanreadingnow?A.Oliver's. B.Andrew's. C.Billy's.12.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Designasurvey. B.Analyzeresearchdata. C.Interviewspecialists.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whereisthemanfrom?A.Canada. B.TheUK. C.TheUSA.14.Whatdoesthemansayaboutbankholidays?A.Peopledon'tdealwithbusinessonthesedays.B.Thebanksdon'topenonthesedays.C.Thebankservicesarefreeonthesedays.15.HowdopeoplecelebrateShakespeareDay?A.Enjoyarelatedmovie. B.Holdaspecialparty. C.RecordShakespeare'swords.16.WhendidthemanlastcelebrateShakespeareDay?A.Twoyearsago. B.Lastyear. C.Lastmonth.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatwasthecauseofthedisaster?A.Toomuchrainfall. B.Astreamofmud. C.Overflowingrivers.18.Whatwerepeopledoingwhenthedisasterhitthearea?A.Working. B.Sleeping. C.Traveling.19.Howmanysoldiersandpoliceofficerscametopeople'srescue?A.Over100. B.Over200. C.Over1,000.20.Whatmighttheroadconditionsleadto?A.Thedifficultyinreachingthetrapped.B.Thepossibilityofcreatinganxiety.C.Theshortageoffoodandsupplies.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AChanceplayedamajorroleinsomeoftheworld’sgreatinventions,fromAnaesthesiatoBrandy.Anaesthesia

Inventor:

HoraceWells

Year:

1844

WhatHappened:

Initssaladdays,N?Owasstrictlyapartytoy,sinceitmadepeoplehowllikehyenas(土狼).Butafriendofthedentisttooktoomuchofthestuffatalaughing-gasstageshowandcuthisleg.However,thefriendhadn’trealizedhe’dhurthimself.Asaresult,Nitrousoxidebecameanearlyformofanaesthesia.

Saccharin

Inventors:

ConstantinFahlbergandIraRemsen

Year:

1879

WhatHappened:

Afterspendingthedaystudyingcoaltar(瀝青)byproducts,FahlberglefthisJohnsHopkinslaboratoryandwenttodinner.Somethingheatetastedparticularlysweet,whichhetracedtoachemicalcompoundhe’dspilledonhishand.Bestofall,itcontainednoenergycontent.Asaresult,hecutRemsenandtheuniversityoutofmillionsofdollarswhenhesecretlypatentedthebreakthroughdiscovery,saccharin.

SillyPutty

Inventor:

JamesWright

Year:

1943

WhatHappened:

Duringthewaryears,theGeneralElectricengineercombinedC6H18OSi2andHBrO3inanattempttofindacheapalternativetorubberfortankfootboard(腳踏板).Itdidn’twork.Butthescientistshadfunbouncingandstretchingthemix,whentheyweren’tusingittotransfercomicsontopaper.KidsendeduphavingfunplayingwiththeSillyPuttytoo.

Brandy

Inventor:

ADutchshipmaster

Year:

16thcentury

WhatHappened:

Heusedheattoconcentratewineinordertomakeiteasiertotransport,withtheideaofaddingwatertorecoveritwhenhearrived.Unexpectedly,concentratedwinetastedbetterthanwatered-downwine.Sincethen,“Burntwine”or“brandewijn”inDutch,hasbecomeabighit.Callitbrandy,sinceafterafewdrinksofthestuff,there’snowayyoucanpronounce

brandewijn

sonowaitercanunderstandwhatyou’reordering.

21．Whatcanwelearnaboutsaccharin?A．Itiscalorie-free. B． Itiscostly.C．Itisalabbyproduct. D．Itisillegal.22．Whichoftheinventionsisatoyforkids?A．Anaesthesia. B．Saccharin.C．SillyPutty. D．Brandy.23．Whatdotheyhaveincommon?A．Theyareeatable.B．Theywereinventedinwartime.C．Theyareorganiccompounds.D．Theycameoutoftheblue.BInthescientifichistory,fewrivalries(競爭)havecapturedtheimaginationliketheonebetweenNikolaTeslaandThomasEdison.Thesetwoinventors,eachwiththeiruniqueapproachesandvisions,engagedinafiercecompetitionthatforevertransformedtheworldofelectricityandinnovation.ThepathsofNikolaTeslaandThomasEdisonfirstcrossedinthelate1800swhenTeslaarrivedintheUnitedStateswithhisboundlessenthusiasmandinventivespirit.Tesla,ayoungSerbianengineer,soughtopportunitiestoworkonhisambitiousideas.Edison,alreadyanestablishedinventorandentrepreneur,recognizedTesla’stalentandemployedhimathiscompany,theEdisonMachineWorks.ItwasduringTesla’stimeworkingforEdisonthattheseedsofrivalryweresown.Edisonadvocateddirectcurrent(DC)asthedominantmethodforelectricaldistribution,whileTeslasawthepotentialofalternatingcurrent(AC)systems,whichofferedgreaterefficiencyoverlongerdistances.TheturningpointintheirrivalryoccurredwiththeChicagoWorld’sFairin1893.Tesla,backedbyGeorgeWestinghouse,successfullyshowcasedthesuperiorityofACbylightingthefairgroundswithhisAC-poweredsystem.ThissuccesscrushedEdison'sclaimsofDC'ssuperiority,leadingtothewidespreadadoptionofACasthestandardforelectricalpowertransmission.However,duetoEdison'sinfluence,ACpowerwasinitiallydismissedasdangerousandunreliable.Inordertodemonstrateitssafety,TeslaheldapublicdemonstrationwherehefamouslylitupastringoflightsusinghisACmotorpoweredbyNiagaraFalls,provingonceandforallthatACpowerwassafeforuseinhomesandbusinessesaroundtheworld.WhilebothsidesfoughtfiercelyforcontrolofelectricitydistributionnetworksacrossAmerica,itwasultimatelyTesla'sACsystemthatwonoutduetoitsgreaterefficiencyoverlongdistancescomparedwithDCsystemswhichquicklylostvoltage(電壓)asdistanceincreasedfromtheirsourcepoint.EventuallyevenEdisonhimselfcamearoundandaccepteddefeatwhenhefinallyadmittedthat“Teslahassolvedanextremelydifficultproblem”.Despitetheirdifferences,thetwomenhadanunwillingrespectforeachother.EdisonwasknowntorefertoTeslaas“oneofthegreatestelectricalgeniusestheworldhaseverseen”whileTeslapraiseEdison'scontributionstothefieldofelectricity.Thoughtheirrivalrydefinedthedevelopment(electricityinthelate19thcentury,itsimpactstillresonates(產(chǎn)生共鳴)today.24.InwhichaspectdidTesla’sandEdison’sviewsonelectricalsystemsdiffer?A.Thesourceofelectricalpower.B.Theinventionofelectricaldevices.C.Theefficiencyofpowergeneration.D.Themethodofelectricaltransmission.25.HowdidTeslaprovethereliabilityofACpower?A.ByconductingapublicexperimentatNiagaraFalls.B.BydisplayingAC-poweredlightinginacommunity.C.BygettingsupportfromGeorgeWestinghouse.D.ByhighlightingthelimitationsofDCpower.26.WhydidTesla’sACsystemfinallyachievesuccess?A.Itprovidedhighervoltageoutputs.B.Itwaseasiertooperateandmaintain.C.Ithadsuperiorlong-rangeperformance.D.Itreceivedmorefinancialbacking.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Everycloudhasasilverlining.B.Realknowledgecomesfrompractice.C.Arisingtideliftsallboats.D.Rivalryfuelsprogress.CTheimpactsofsmokingontheimmunesystemremainlongafterasmoker’slastsmoking,accordingtoastudy.Theanalysisispartofanefforttodeterminewhyimmuneresponsesvarysowidelyfrompersontoperson.Inadditiontocigarettesmoking,thestudyfoundthathavingahigher-than-averagebodymassindex(體重指數(shù))andhavingpreviouslybeeninfectedwithatypicalviruscalledcytomegalovirus(CMV,巨細(xì)胞病毒)alsoaffecttheimmuneresponse.BiologistSaint-AndréandhercolleaguesanalysedbloodsamplesandquestionnairescollectedbytheMilieuIntérieurConsortiumfrom1,000healthypeoplewholiveinBrittany,France.Theresearchersexposedthebloodsamplestomicroorganisms,virusesandsoonknowntoactivatetheimmunesystem.Theythengaugedtheeffectofthemontheproductionofproteinscalledcytokines(細(xì)胞因子),whichregulatethebody’sinflammatory(炎癥的)responses.Theauthorscombinedtheseresultswithinformationabout136personaltraitsdrawnfrompopulationstudies,environmentalandclinicaldata.Theyfoundthatthreefactorsstoodoutashavingparticularlystrongassociationswithcytokineresponses:cigarettesmoking,bodymassindexandpreviouscytomegalovirusinfection.Thedataoncigaretteconsumptionwereparticularlystriking;theeffectofsmokingoncytokineresponseswasaslargeastheeffectsofage,sexandgenetics.Andtheseeffectsremainedforyearsafterparticipantshadgivenupcigarettes.Butthestudystillneedstoberepeatedtoensurethattheresultsareconvincing,saysSaint-Andre.Andinfuture,itshouldincludeamorediversegroupofparticipants.TheteamhasnowexpandedtheirstudytoincludeparticipantsfromSenegalandHongKong,shesays.Theresearchershavealsogonebacktotheoriginalparticipants,andhavecollectedfreshbloodsamplesfrom415ofthem10yearsaftertheoriginalsamplesweretaken.“Itwouldbevaluabletolearnmoreabouthowsmokinginfluencesimmunecellfunction,and,inturn,whatthebody’sresponsestoinfectionare,”saysprofessorLuo.“Thatcouldoffervaluableinsightsintothebroaderhealthconsequencesofsmoking.”28．Howdidtheresearchersidentifythethreeinfluencingfactors?A．Byrepeatingthestudy.B．Bycontrastingthepersonaltraits.C．Byreferringtostudiesofotherfields.D．Byresearchingupto136people.29．Whomighthavetheworstimmunesystemaccordingtothetext?A．Someonewhohasquitsmokingformanyyears.B．Someonewhoserelativeshaveasmokinghabit.C．Someonewhohasabelownormalbodymassindex.D．SomeonewholiveswithaCMVinfectedperson.30．Whatdidresearchersdotoensuretheresultswerecorrect?A．Theyinvitedmoreparticipantsofthesamerace.B．Theyexpandedtheirresearchallovertheworld.C．Theygotonwellwiththeoriginalparticipants.D．Theyrestudiedsomeoriginalparticipantsyearslater.31．WhatcanweknowfromwhatLuosaid?A．Itisusefulandvaluabletogiveupsmoking.B．Theresultofthestudyiscomplete.C．Smokinghassomethingtodowithinfection.D．Thestudyaidstolearntheeffectsofsmoking.DAglobalstudycomparing2,062birdsfindsthat,inhighlyvariableenvironments,birdstendtohaveeitherlargerorsmallerbrainsrelativetotheirbodysize.Birdswithsmallerbrainstendtouseecologicalstrategiesthatarenotavailabletobig-brainedones. “Thefactisthatthereareagreatmanyspeciesthatdoquitewellwithsmallbrains,”saidTrevorFristoe,firstauthorofthestudyfromWashingtonUniversity.Previousstudieshadfoundgeneraltrendstowardlargerrelativebrainsizesathigherlatitudes(緯度),whereconditionsaremorevariable.Thisnewstudyisdifferentbecauseitlooksatthefulldistributionofbrainsizesacrossenvironments,allowingtheresearcherstotestwhetherdifferentsizesareover-orunder-represented.Theyfoundthatathigherlatitudes,birdbrainsaresignificantlymorelikelytobeeitherrelativelylargeorrelativelysmallcomparedtobodysize.Whatwasgoingonhere?Fristoe,borninAlaska,hadafewideas.HesuggeststhattheAlaskastatebird,theptarmigan(雷鳥),mightbeatypicalexampleofthesmall-brainedspecies.Lovablethoughitis,it'snotexactlyknownforitssmarts.Theptarmigancan,however,feedonbranchesandwillowleaves.“Wefindthatsmall-brainedspeciesintheseenvironmentsemploystrategiesthatareunachievablewithalargebrain.Thesespeciesareabletoliveonreadilyavailablebutdifficulttodigestresourcessuchasneedlesofconifers(針葉樹),orevenbranches.Thesefoodscanbefoundevenduringextremewinterconditions,buttheyarefibrousandrequirealargegut(腸道)todigest,”Fristoesaid.“Guttissue,likebraintissue,isenergeticallydemanding,andlimitedbudgetsmeanthatitischallengingtomaintainalotofboth.”“Brainsarenotevolvingseparately—theyarepartofabroadersuiteofadaptationsthathelpcreaturessucceedintheirlives,”saidCarlosBotero,assistantprofessorofbiologyandco-authorofthestudy.“Biologists,ourselvesincluded,havehistoricallybelievedthatenvironmentalvariabilitydrivestheexpansionofbrainsize.Butwhenwetakeabroaderview,werealizethatotherstrategiesalsowork—andremarkably,thealternativehereinvolvesmakingabrainactuallysmaller!”32.HowdoesFristoe’sresearchdifferfrompreviousstudies?A.Itarrivesataconflictingconclusion.B.Itfocusesonbirdswithsmallerbrains.C.Itcoversawiderrangeofbrainsizes.D.Itrevealsbirds'evolvingprocesses.33.Whatdoweknowabouttheptarmigan?A.Itisconsideredfairlyintelligent.B.Ithasapowerfuldigestingsystem.C.Ithasarelativelylargebodysize.D.Ithasaselectivefeedinghabit.34.WhatcanbeinferredaboutsmallerbrainsfromBotero'swords?A.Theyaretypicalofindependentevolution.B.Theyarearesultoflimitedbudgets.C.Theyarenotforvariableenvironments.D.Theyareaneffectivesurvivalstrategy.35.whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSmallertheBrain,theSmarterB.BigBrains:AdapttoHigherLatitudesC.BigBrainsorBigGuts:ChooseOneD.EvolutionsofBrainSizeinBirds第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Forgetprivacy,younginternetuserswanttobetrackedOneverysmartphonetheresitsatracker’sparadise(樂園)oflocationdatareadytobeshared.36Andthistechismarketedasconvenient,notfrightening.Whatisanacceptablelevelofonlinesurveillance(監(jiān)視)?Ihadassumedweallagreedthattheidealwasnone.37Aquickenquiryonmyfriendsfoundthatthosewhowere,likeme,intheir40sandoldereitherhadnoideatheycouldusetheirphoneinthiswayorhadrelativelylittleinterestindoingso.Butfriendsadecadeorsoyoungerallseemtobetrackingoneanotheratwill.Theydon’tfindtheideaofmonitoringorbeingmonitoredinthiswayupsetting.Theysayitmakesthemfeelsafer.38Itisjustthattheyarerealisticabouttheprivacythatisavailable.Theyknowthatifyouownasmartphoneanddon’twanttodisableusefulthingslikemaps,thenyourlocationisalreadybeingwatched.Ifappcreators,smartphonemakersandadcompaniesarealreadytrackingyourlocation,thenwhynotsharetheinformationwithpeopleyouknow?Ifyouwanttostarttrackingthepeopleyouknow,thentherearesomerulesinvolved.It’sfinetousetrackingtocheckthatafriendhasgothomesafelyattheendofanightout,forexample,butnottosurprisethemonthestreet.Andthinkcarefullyaboutwhomyousharedatawith.39Locationtrackingasasafetymeasure,particularlyforelderlyparentsandchildren,isappealing.40Onceyougrowcomfortablesharingyourlocationwithyourfamilyandfriends,perhapsonedayyou’llbehappytoshareitwithyouremployerorevengovernmentagencies.A．Itisforfamilyandclosefriendsonly,notnewdates.B．Butthetruthishowpopularitisdependsonyourage.C．Locationsharinghasbeenaroundformorethanadecade.D．Theriskisthatifyoudoittoooften,itwillbehardtoturnaround.E．Afterall,noonewillfinditcomfortabletobewatchedallthetime.F．Thisisnotbecausetheyareblindtotheimportanceofonlineprivacy.G．Locationtrackingissoprecisethatitcanlocateonepersoninacrowd.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。JamesMogajiisasecurityofficeratProvidenceCollegeRaymondHallinRhodeIsland.Hisenthusiasmmadehimsuchanintegralpartofhisstudents’livesthatthey___41___himasoneoftheirownfamily.DanielSingh,asophomore,describedMogajiasanattractive___42___intheirresidencehall,“He’ssomeoneyou’re___43___to.Hewasreallykindandcompassionate.”Thestorytakesa(n)___44___turnwhenthestudentsdiscoverthatMogajihasnot___45___hisfamilyinNigeriaformorethanadecade.Thediscoverysparkedawaveof___46___enthusiasmamongthestudents.Outofsympathy,thestudents___47___afundraiserforhim.Therewasoverwhelming___48___fortheirefforts,withnearly800donationsreceived,exceeding(超過)their___49___goal.ThestudentsgatheredaroundMogajiand___50___himanenvelopecontaining$3,000tohelppayforhistriptoNigeria.Itwasaheart-warmingscene.___51___moved,Mogajicoveredhisfacewithhishandsandfelltohiskneesinshock.“Wetakecareofourfamily.That’swhatwedohereatProvidenceCollege,”saidthestudentofferingtheenvelopetoMogaji.“Weloveyou.You’repartofthe___52___.”Thestudents’___53___hasnotonlytouchedhearts,butalsomadedreams___54___.Mogajiisplanninghislong-awaitedtriptoNigeriainJune,atripmadepossiblebythe___55___andsolidarityofauniversitycommunitythattrulyembodies(體現(xiàn))thespiritoffamily.41.A.impressed B.registered C.accepted D.intended42.A.figure B.sculptor C.composer D.designer43.A.recommended B.moved C.preferred D.attracted44.A.sudden B.touching C.smooth D.interesting45.A.phoned B.heard C.found D.seen46.A.flat B.curious C.genuine D.responsible47.A.started B.required C.recognized D.contacted48A.legend B.support C.doubt D.view49.A.positive B.achievable C.glorious D.initial50.A.handed B.showed C.lent D.awarded51.A.Finally B.Merely C.Visibly D.Likely52.A.college B.family C.group D.community53.A.impact B.plan C.hope D.action54.A.cometrue B.getacross C.goeasy D.fallapart55.A.cuteness B.effect C.kindness D.wisdom第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinawillbecometheguestcountryofhonorforthe37thInternationalKiteFestivalinBerck-sur-MerfromApril20to28.Itisthefirsttimethatthefestival56(introduce)theconceptofguestcountries.Duringthenine-dayevent,theChinaCulturalCenterinPariswilljoinhandswithWeifangCityinShandongProvince—57(know)asthe“kitecapitaloftheworld”,toshowcasethemostauthenticChinesekiteartandculturalexperiencetotheaudience.Variousculturalactivitieswilltakecenterstage,58(involve)kitecompetitions,culturalperformancesandworkshopsonintangibleculturalheritage.TheInternationalKiteFestivalinBerck-sur-Meristhelargestandmost59(influence)kite-themedeventinFrance.Inadditiontoregularkitedisplays,thisyear’sfestivalwilldebuttheinternationalkitestuntcompetition,60iscalled“TheWorldKiteCupBerck-sur-Mer”.Kite-flyingmastersfromtencountriesandregionswillcompete61theworldchampiontitleinashowdownofskillsandcreativity.62(kick)offthefestivalonApril20,63100-meter-longdragonkitewilltakeflight,followedbyaseriesofactivities,likedragonandliondanceperformances,martialarts64(demonstrate),ateaceremony,calligraphyexhibitions65traditionalChinesefolkmusicperformances.寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)66.你校英文報將增設(shè)主題為“講好中國故事”的欄目。你是欄目負(fù)責(zé)人李華，請給外教Kate寫郵件咨詢她對欄目的建議。內(nèi)容包括：1．介紹設(shè)想；2．尋求建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Wheninfifthgrade,Ihadabigdream:Iwantedtowintheschool'sScienceFair.Theprizewasashinygoldmedal,andeveryyear,studentsfromallthegradeswouldgatherinthegymtose