2024年清華大學(xué)中學(xué)生學(xué)術(shù)能力測試英語試卷真題（含答案詳解）

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試2024年12月測試英語試卷本試卷共150分第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AInThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganizationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,benefitingfromeachother’existence.BTEH’projectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterizedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthyecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同時(shí)地).Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.ThenameoftheTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients(原料)forthesouparechili,garlic,lemongrass,andonion—noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.Step1Thecommunity-runTomYumTreeNurserycreatesalternativecropseedlingsStep2Workingtogether,farmersplant,waterandmaintainalternativecrops.Step3Regenerative,pesticide-free(無農(nóng)藥)farmingbenefitsbiodiversity.Step4Farmersharvestcropsandcreateorganicproductsineco-friendlypackaging.Step5Consumersmakeadifferencebybuyingproductstocreatedemandforthissolution.Step6Profitsareusedtorestoreelephanthabitatandsupportlocalfarmers.TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.1．WhatistheprimarymissionofBTEH?A．Tocatchandrelocateelephants. B．Toensurehuman-elephantcoexistence.C．TopromotetourisminThailand. D．Toprovidefoodandresourcestolocalfarmers.2．HowcanconsumerscontributetothesuccessoftheTomYumProject?A．Theycanprovidegovernmentassistance.B．Theycanpurchaseproductsfromtheproject.C．Theycandecreasetheelephantpopulation.D．Theycanreducetheirconsumptionofagriculturalproducts.3．TomYumProjectaimstobenefitbothlocalfarmersandelephantsby________.A．providingfinancialaidtofarmers B．teachingfarmershowtocookThaifoodC．minimizinghuman-elephantconflict D．increasingthenumberofelephantsinthearea4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheTomYumProject’sapproach?A．Costlybutappealing. B．Demandingandunreliable.C．Innovativeandsustainable. D．Ineffectivebuttime-consuming.BEleveno’clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboyranupbehindandtriedtosnatch(搶奪)herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhisback.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront.“Aren’tyouashamedofyourself?”shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,stopped,andstoodwatching.“I’mverysorry,lady.I’msorry,”whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.“Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,”saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy.“Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones.”Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegottoherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside.“What’syourname?”thewomanasked.“Roger,”answeredtheboyinalowvoice.“Then,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwashyourface,”orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim.“Yougonnatakemetojail(監(jiān)獄)?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.“Notwiththatface,”saidMrs.Jones.“Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse.”“Iwantedapairofblueshoes,”repliedtheboy.Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoorwasopen.Hecouldrun!Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet.”Sheledhimtothefrontdoor.“Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!”shesaid,lookingoutintothestreet.5．HowdidMrs.JonesreactaftercatchingRoger?A．Shecalledthepolice. B．Shescoldedhimseriously.C．Sheignoredhim. D．Shetookhimhome.6．Rogerfelt________whenhearingMrs.Jone’spast.A．scared B．impatient C．calm D．shocked7．WhatmightRogerhavelearnedfromhisencounterwithMrs.Jones?A．Crimeisneverjustified. B．Peoplecanbeunderstanding.C．Strongpeopleareintimidating. D．Moneyistheonlysolution.CTimeisoneofhumanity’sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,monthsoryears.Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime”.Human’sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous(土著的)communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,wearebeginningtoseewidespreadapplicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayisthroughmodernmathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewaytopreservetheecosystemofCalifornia’skelpforest.ByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thcentury,wefoundthatwehaveignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller’sSeacow,anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspaceontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller’sSeacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincludedtheSteller’sSeacow,wecouldseeamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelp.Inshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.8．Whatisamajorbarriertoeffectiveconservationefforts,accordingtothepassage?A．Thegrowingbiodiversitycrisis.B．Hesitationtoadoptadeeptimeviewpoint.C．Insufficientunderstandingofdeeptime.D．Unawarenessofmanagementtechniques.9．Whatdoes“keystonespecies”mostlikelymeaninparagraph3?A．Aspeciesthatisatthetopofthefoodchain.B．Aspeciesthatisrarelyfoundinanecosystem.C．Aspeciesthatisinvasiveandharmfultotheenvironment.D．Aspeciesthatplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingthestructureofanecosystem.10．Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat________.A．theneglectoftheSteller’sSeacowcausedecologicaldisruptionB．theSteller’sSeacowspromotedgrowthintheunderstoryC．there’sacurrentemphasisonpreventingfiresinsteadofusingcontrolledburnsD．mathematicalmodelingismoreimportantthantraditionalknowledge11．Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?A．Thenegativeeffectsofmodernforestmanagementpractices.B．Theroleofindigenousknowledgeinecosystemmanagement.C．Thesignificanceofclimatechangeonbiodiversity.D．Theimportanceofunderstandinghistoricalecosystemsforconservation.DWhenwasthelasttimeyoulistenedtosomeone?Andwhenwasthelasttimesomeonereallylistenedtoyou?Ionceaskedpeoplewhatitmeanttobeagoodlistener.Thetypicalresponsewasablankstare.Ofcourse,technologyplaysarole.Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.Goodlistenersaskgoodquestions.Theyengageinexploringthetopic,nottodivertattention.Therearecuriousquestionslike“Wouldn’tyouagree...?”or“Don’tyouthink...?”Thesequestionshavestrongtendencies.Theywillgreatlyinfluencetheotherpersontochangehisorherview.Andyou’dbetterstayawayfromsomepersonalquestionslike“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”or“Whatpartoftowndoyoulivein?”Justtrytofindoutwhatexcitespeople.Askaboutthelastmovietheysaworforthestorybehindapieceofjewelrythey’rewearing.Alsogoodareexpansivequestions,suchas,“Ifyoucouldspendamonth,wherewouldyougo?”Researchindicatesthatwhenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherwellaskeachotherthistypeofquestion,theyfeelmoreconnectedthaniftheyspendtimetogetherachievingatask.Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,becarefulwiththetendencytotakementalsidetrapswhenyouarelistening.Smartpeople’sattentioniseasilytakenawaybytheirownrunawaythoughts.Theymayalsoassumetheyalreadyknowwhattheotherpersonisgoingtosay.Therewardofgoodlisteningwillcertainlybemoreinterestingconversations.Researchershavefoundthatattentivelistenersreceivemoreinformationfromspeakers,evenwhentheydon’taskanyquestions.Weare,eachofus,thesumofwhatweattendtoinlife.Thegentlevoiceofamotherandthecriticismofabossbothultimatelyformandshapeus.Andtolistenpoorly,selectivelyornotatalllimitsyourunderstandingoftheworldandpreventsyoufrombecomingthebestyoucanbe.12．Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaffectourabilitytolisteneffectively?A．Schoolsignoreteachinglisteningskills.B．Peopleprefertextingovermakingphonecalls.C．Thereisadeclineinourconfidenceregardinglistening.D．Thesoundswemakecontributetoanoisyenvironment.13．Paragraph3emphasizesthat________.A．individualsshouldensuretheyareunderstoodB．effectivelisteningisamulti-facetedprocessC．thereasonsbehindthedeclineoflisteningskillsD．conversationcontextismoreimportantthanlisteningitself14．Peopleshould________whilelistening.A．bepresentwiththeirmind B．proposesomecreativequestionsC．concentrateonthespeaker’spersonaldetails D．discoversharedinterestswiththespeaker15．Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat________.A．effectivelisteningwillnotdowithoutquestionsB．a(chǎn)clearmindinlistenersenhancesthespeaker’sclarityC．effectivelistenersgainsignificantbenefitsD．bothlisteningandspeakingrequireequalfocus第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese(肥胖的).16.Obesityisalsoassociatedwithalowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here’sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.17.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you’llmakehealthierdecisions.Canitreallybethateasy?There’snodoubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.18.Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram.19.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesaday.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecordedtheirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.20.Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedindifferentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.Itisimportanttofindwhatworksforyou.A．Dietary“self-monitoring”isacommonstrategyB．TheyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogramC．DailydietaryintakeisaverycrucialfactorD．Dietaryself-monitoringcanbecomplexE．ObesepeopleareatincreasedriskofmanyseriousdiseasesF．Agoodprincipletofollowmaybe“writewhenyoubite”G．However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone第二部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JimGlaubandhiswifejustmovedintotheirnewManhattanapartmentwhenthehouseownersaidsomethingcurious:“LetterstoSantacometotheapartment.Ithasbeencomingforyearsandnooneknowswhy.”TheninthemonthsleadingtoChristmas,lettersfromkidsorparentstoSantacamein,askingforgiftstheycouldnototherwise.Glaubandhiswifeasmanyastheycould,writing,evenbuyinggifts.Buttheycoulddoonlysomuch.Onenight,whenthecouplethrewaChristmasparty,aappeared.Thegueststhehundredsoflettersandaskedaboutthem.“Itoldthemthestory,”Glaubsaid.Hisguestswerevery.“Alotofpeoplewerelike,I’lltakealetter.I’llfulfillit.”AndsowasbornMiracle,acommunity-basedvolunteerthatrepliestochildren’sletterstoSanta.Glaubfamiliesfromaroundthecountrytogoonlineandgiftsfortheirchildren.Meanwhile,donorscansignuptobuygiftsforachildorfamily,byasignednote.Lastyear,Glaubandtheorganizationhelpedmorethan800.Glaubnolongertriestofigureoutwhytheletterscometotheapartment.Puttinginthelonghourstothefamiliesiswhatit’sallaboutforhim.21．A．precious B．patient C．previous D．particular22．A．a(chǎn)ddressed B．provided C．decorated D．complained23．A．rolling B．flooding C．pulling D．a(chǎn)bsorbing24．A．a(chǎn)fford B．like C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．obtain25．A．tookup B．calledon C．headedto D．respondedto26．A．notes B．concerns C．pleasures D．responsibilities27．A．friend B．solution C．belief D．harvest28．A．noticed B．reflected C．published D．received29．A．bitter B．guilty C．unexpected D．interested30．A．company B．committee C．organization D．studio31．A．commanded B．invited C．pushed D．urged32．A．request B．show C．cover D．determine33．A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．a(chǎn)ccompanied C．a(chǎn)ssigned D．operated34．A．volunteers B．a(chǎn)ssistants C．families D．donors35．A．save B．maintain C．gather D．help第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。XixiNationalWetlandPark,36(cover)10squarekilometersinwesternHangzhou,isthefirstnationalwetlandparkinChina.Combininglife,nature,andwetlands37(make)theparkapopulardestinationbothfortouristsandlocalresidents.AtXixi,takingaboattour,walkingalongpaths,and38(experience)customsandtraditionsofthevillagesinthisparkareatthetoplistofpeople’sfavorite39(activity).Withtrees,bushes,and40(color)flowersgrowingalongtheriversides,theparkshowsdifferentsidesofbeautyindifferentseasons.Inordertobetterdevelopaswellaspreservethisplace,limitinghumanimpactonXixiWetland41(consider)bytheparkdesigners.Allthenewbuildingsweredesignedinatraditionalway42(fit)intotheoriginalenvironment.Thisgreen,wateryworldishome43manybirdsandfishes.Withtreesgrowingintheshallows,thewetlandisa44(nature)systemforprovidingcleanwaterandproducingoxygen,45makesitthe“greenlungsofHangzhou”.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分15分）46．假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，暑假在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)。你得知當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館要舉辦中國畫展覽，非常感興趣，請(qǐng)寫一封信申請(qǐng)當(dāng)志愿講解員。內(nèi)容包括：1.申請(qǐng)理由；2.表達(dá)感謝。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)為100詞左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearSir/Madam,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)短文續(xù)寫（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopenedthedoortoleavethehouseat11p.m.forthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-olddaughtertotheground.Ididnotknowhowtodealwitharebellious(叛逆的)teenager.Weareafamilyofstrongwills,fromthetopdown.Allmykidshadpushedandargued.Everyone“kindof”followedtherules.Astheygotolder,especiallywhentheyhithighschool,Isawthepowershifting,butithadn’tbeensoobvious.Ihadnotseenmuchin-your-facerebellion.Untilthishappened.IcalledAmySpeidel,awiseandpracticalparentingexpert.Shestayedonthephonewithmeandlistenedtomywildcomplaintaboutmydisrespectfulkid.Shelistenedforalmosttwohoursandthengavemesomesuggestions.Amytoldmethatmydaughter’sbehaviorwas“developmentallyappropriate”—shewassupposedtotesttheboundaries.Amyalsosaidthatitwasgreatthatmydaughterwouldbeabletostandupforherselfinarelationshipthatwasn’tworking.Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn’tconsideredanythingpositiveaboutherbehavior—butoutsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwanttodevaluemydaughter’sstrongwill.AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelpunderstandingdisciplinevscontrol.Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwantedpermissiontoscreamandpunish.ButIlistenedtoAmyandhere’swhatIlearned.1.Mydaughter’sbehaviorwasnormal.ThateasedmyfearsthatIhadraisedaterriblehumanandfailedasamother.2.Mydaughter’sstrongpersonalitywasastrength.Thatrevelationwasahugegift.Ivalueherqualitiesbutdon’twantthemusedagainstme.Iwillsoftenmyresponseandlistentoher.3.Iwentcrazy.Infact,Icrossedaline.Andthathappens.ButIlearnedtoapologizeandresetsothatwecouldmoveforward.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。AfterreflectingonAmy’sadvice,IrealizedthatIneededtochangemyapproach.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Astimewenton,withsomechangesImade,Amyalsochangedherperspectiveondiscipline.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁1．B2．B3．C4．C【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了TomYum這一項(xiàng)目，其目的是為了降低種植園對(duì)大象的吸引力，并阻止它們進(jìn)入農(nóng)場，從而促進(jìn)人類和大象的和諧共存。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganizationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,benefitingfromeachother’existence.(把大象帶回家（BTEH）是一個(gè)非營利組織，其使命是增加大象的生存機(jī)會(huì)，并致力于建立一個(gè)人和大象可以和諧相處、從彼此的存在中受益的世界。)”可知，BTEH的首要任務(wù)是建立一個(gè)人和大象和諧相處的世界，是為了確保人和大象的共存。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中Step5“Consumersmakeadifferencebybuyingproductstocreatedemandforthissolution.(消費(fèi)者通過購買產(chǎn)品來創(chuàng)造對(duì)這種解決方法的需求，從而一定的做出貢獻(xiàn)。)”可知，消費(fèi)者可以通過購買其產(chǎn)品來促進(jìn)項(xiàng)目的成功。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.(一群BTEH的研究人員和當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民志愿者正在試驗(yàn)如何降低種植園對(duì)大象的吸引力，并阻止它們進(jìn)入農(nóng)場。因此，TomYum項(xiàng)目應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。)”、第四段中“Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目為泰國解決人象沖突的替代作物帶來了希望)”和以及最后一段“TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.(TomYum項(xiàng)目是第一個(gè)以研究和社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的替代作物種植倡議，旨在促進(jìn)人類和大象的共存。)”可知，TomYum項(xiàng)目通過降低種植園對(duì)大象的吸引力，從而將人和大象的沖突最小化，促進(jìn)人象共存。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.(TomYum項(xiàng)目是第一個(gè)以研究和社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的替代作物種植倡議，旨在促進(jìn)人類和大象的共存。)”可知，TomYum項(xiàng)目是第一個(gè)研究和社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的替代作物種植倡議，因此它是創(chuàng)新的；且它的目的是為了促進(jìn)人類和大象的共存，因此它是可持續(xù)的。故選C。5．D6．D7．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)深夜，一個(gè)胖女人遭遇小偷搶包，最后她并未報(bào)警，反而帶小偷回家，給他洗凈臉，還給了他十美元買鞋。在交流過程中，女人講述了自己年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，教育小偷不要走上錯(cuò)誤的道路。最后，她將小偷送出門口，告誡他要好好做人。文章通過這個(gè)故事傳遞了關(guān)愛和教育的力量。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegottoherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside.(他開始掙扎，但瓊斯太太繼續(xù)拖著他沿街走。當(dāng)她走到門口時(shí)，她把男孩拖了進(jìn)去)”可知，瓊斯太太抓住羅杰后，把他帶回家了。故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.(過了一會(huì)兒，女人說：“我曾經(jīng)年輕過，想要得不到的東西。我也做過一些我不會(huì)告訴別人的事，孩子?！庇质且魂囬L時(shí)間的沉默。男孩張了張嘴)”可知，羅杰聽到瓊斯夫人的過去后，張著嘴說不出話，說明他感到震驚。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.(過了一會(huì)兒，女人說：“我曾經(jīng)年輕過，想要得不到的東西。我也做過一些我不會(huì)告訴別人的事，孩子。”又是一陣長時(shí)間的沉默。男孩張了張嘴)”可知，瓊斯夫人和羅杰分享了自己的過去，從而想要表示自己能夠理解他的犯罪行為，故推測羅杰從與瓊斯夫人的相遇中明白了人們可以彼此理解。故選B。8．B9．D10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了人類對(duì)時(shí)間的短視如何限制了對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的理解和保護(hù)，并通過森林管理和海藻森林的例子，說明了深度時(shí)間視角的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)把深度時(shí)間視為保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要工具。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime”.Human’sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.(但大自然在更大的尺度上發(fā)揮作用，以世紀(jì)為單位，甚至是通常被歸類為“深度時(shí)間”的更長的階段。人類在時(shí)間上的短視對(duì)現(xiàn)代環(huán)境保護(hù)造成了重大限制)”可知，文章稱，不愿采用深度時(shí)間觀是有效保護(hù)措施的主要障礙。故選B項(xiàng)。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分的下文“theSteller’sSeacow,anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem(斯特拉海牛，以及它在維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和諧方面的作用)”和下一段中“Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller’sSeacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.(然后我們?cè)俅芜\(yùn)行模型，但這次加入了斯特拉海牛。這些哺乳動(dòng)物以上層海藻層的葉子為食。這使得光線能夠到達(dá)海底，這反過來不僅刺激了海藻的生長，還刺激了其他生物的生長)”可知，斯特拉海牛屬于畫線部分所指的對(duì)象，這種哺乳動(dòng)物的飲食習(xí)慣使得海底的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)得以良性地發(fā)展。對(duì)比所給選項(xiàng)可知，畫線部分意為“在維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)中起關(guān)鍵作用的物種”。故選D項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.(這些哺乳動(dòng)物以上層海藻層的葉子為食。這使得光線能夠到達(dá)海底，這反過來不僅刺激了海藻的生長，還刺激了其他生物的生長)”可推知，斯特拉海牛促進(jìn)了下層植被的生長。故選B項(xiàng)。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.(隨著氣候和生物多樣性危機(jī)的加速，我們正在緊急地努力保護(hù)和恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，而不了解它們?cè)谡嬲\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好時(shí)是如何運(yùn)作的。深度時(shí)間視角可以幫助改變這一點(diǎn))”和最后一段中“Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.(為了確保我們最大膽的保護(hù)努力取得成功，我們必須開始把時(shí)間視為一個(gè)必不可少的工具)”可知，文章圍繞在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)中運(yùn)用深度時(shí)間的必要性展開，首先指出人類對(duì)時(shí)間的短視限制了對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的理解和保護(hù)，然后通過森林管理和海藻森林的例子，說明深度時(shí)間視角很重要，最后強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)把深度時(shí)間視為保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要工具。因此，這篇文章的主要焦點(diǎn)是了解歷史生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對(duì)保護(hù)的重要性。故選D項(xiàng)。12．C13．B14．A15．C【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了失落的傾聽藝術(shù)，分析了導(dǎo)致傾聽藝術(shù)遺失的一些因素、好的傾聽者所具有的一些特點(diǎn)和傾聽所帶來的潛在好處。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.(人們發(fā)現(xiàn)電話會(huì)打擾他們，因此更喜歡發(fā)短信或無文字的表情符號(hào)。此外，學(xué)校和大學(xué)很少提供認(rèn)真傾聽的課程或活動(dòng)。你可以加入俱樂部來完善你的公共演講，但誰會(huì)試圖在聽力方面取得卓越的成就呢？現(xiàn)在生活中嘈雜而令人不快的混合聲音也讓我們無法聆聽。)”可知，影響人們認(rèn)真傾聽的原因包括：比起打電話，人們更喜歡發(fā)短信；學(xué)校里沒有提供認(rèn)真傾聽的課程；現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中嘈雜而令人不快的聲音。因此不包括C項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)聽力（能力）的信心有所下降?！保蔬xC。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhat