高一上學(xué)期期末Unit+5+Languages+Around+the+World+課文詞匯 總復(fù)習(xí)+任務(wù)單

Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldTHECHINESEWRITINGSYSTEM:CONNECTINGTHEPASTANDTHEPRESENTChinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday’shanzi.BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thesesymbolshadbecomeawell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographicallyleadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty(221-207BCE).EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.PeopleinmodemtimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.Today,theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.WritingWangLe王樂Hey,everybody,whatareyourbiggestproblemswithlearningEnglish?LiuWen劉雯Hi!I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsinceprimaryschool.IusedtogethighmarksinEnglish,butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewithmylistening.WhenIlistentonativeEnglishspeakerstalkinginavideo,Icancatchonlyafewwords.Icanneverquitegetthemainidea.Anyadvice?JiaXinListeningtoEnglishradioprogrammeshelpsmegetusedtohowfastnativespeakerstalk.IalsorepeatwhatIheartohelpmyselftoexperiencethefeelingofthelanguage.SometimesIevenrecordmyvoicesoIcanlistentomyselfandcomparemypronunciationwiththeradiohost’s!MybiggestheadacheishowtobepoliteinEnglish.It’ssomucheasiertojustsay“Openthewindow!”,butinEnglishthatcansoundreallyterrible.IhavetothinkaboutwhoI’mtalkingtoandthendecidewhethertosay,“Openthewindow,please!”or“Couldyouopenthewindow,please?”orevenlonger“Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow,please?”LiRui李銳Yeah,that’sreallyhard!Ithinkitalldependsonwhoyou’retalkingto.IfI’mtalkingtoaclosefriend,Icanuseshortrequests,like“Openthewindow”—ourrelationshipiscloseandwe’reequals,soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus.ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome,Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion,notademand,e.g.,“Couldyouopenthewindow,please?”IfI’mtalkingtosomeoneseniortome,thenIshouldsay,“Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow,please?”Forme,vocabularyismybiggestproblem—therearejustSOMANYnewwords!Ican’tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinmyhead,andIcertainlycan’trememberhowtousethemallproperly.HELP!1.billion/?b?lj?n/n.

十億

2.native/?ne?t?v/adj.

出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人

3.attitude/??t?tju:d;NAmE‘?titu:d/n.

態(tài)度；看法

4.reference/?refr?ns/n.

指稱關(guān)系；參考

5.refer/r??f?:(r)/vi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于

referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱

6.system/?s?st?m/n.體系；制度；系統(tǒng)

7.civilisation[NAmE-ization]/?s?v?la??ze??n/n.

文明；文明世界

8.despite/d??spa?t/prep.

即使；盡管

9.upsanddowns

浮沉；興衰；榮辱

10.factor/?f?kt?(r)/n.

因素；要素

11.base/be?s/vt.

以…為據(jù)點；以….為基礎(chǔ)n.底部；根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)

12.based/beist/

以（某事）為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分（或特征）的

13.datebackto…

追溯到

14.bone/b??n/n.

骨頭；骨（質(zhì)）

15.shell/?el/n.殼；殼狀物

16.symbol/?s?mbl/n.

符號；象征

17.carve/kɑ:v/vt.&vi

雕刻

18.dynasty/?d?n?sti;‘dai-/

王朝；朝代

19.variety/v??ra??t?/n.(植物、語言等的）變體；異體；多樣化

20.major/?me?d??(r)/adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生

vi.主修；專門研究

21.nomatterwhere,who,what,etc.

不論……；不管……

22.dialect/’da??lekt/n.

地方話；方言

23.means/mi:nz/n.方式；方法；途徑

24.classic/?kl?s?k/adj.傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的n.經(jīng)典作品；名著

25.regard/r??gɑ:d/n.

尊重；關(guān)注vt.把…

視為；看待

26.character/’k?r?kt?(r)/n.

文字；符號；角色；品質(zhì)；特點

27.calligraphy/k??l?ɡr?fi/n.書法；書法藝術(shù)

28.global/’gl??b?l/adj.

全球的；全世界的

29.affair/??fe?(r)/n.公共事務(wù)[復(fù)數(shù)]；事件；關(guān)系

30.appreciate/?’pri:?ie?t/

vt.

欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會

vi.增值

31.specific/sp??s?f?k/adj.

特定的；明確的；具體的

32.struggle/?str?gl/n.

斗爭；奮斗；努力；難事vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗；努力

33.tongue/t??/n.

舌頭；語言

34.pointofview觀點；看法

35.semester/s??mest?(r)/n.學(xué)期

36.gas/ɡ?s/n.汽油；氣體；燃氣

37.petrol/’petr?l/n.(NAmEgas)

汽油

38.subway/’s?bwe?/n.(BrEunderground)

地鐵

39.apartment/?’pɑ:tm?nt/n.（especiallyNAmE）公寓套房（=flat）

40.pants/p?nts/n.[pl.](BrE

）內(nèi)褲；短褲；(especiallyNAmE)褲子

41.beg/beg/vt.

懇求；祈求；哀求

42.equal/’i:kw?l/n.同等的人；相等物

adj.相同的；同樣的

vt.

等于;

和……相等；比得上

43.gap/g?p/n.間隔；開口；差距

44.demand/d??mɑ:nd/n.要求；需求vt.強烈要求；需要vi.查問

45.vocabulary/v?’k?bj?l?r?;NAmE–leri/n.

詞匯

46.description/d??skr?p?n/n.描寫（文字）；形容

47.relate/r??le?t/vt.

聯(lián)系；講述

relateto

與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到Korean/ks'riisn/??朝鮮（或韓國）語；朝鮮（或韓國）人朝鮮（或韓國）的Danish/demijVn.丹麥語；丹麥人丹麥的Denmark/丨denma:k/丹麥（國家名）Arabic/'serabik/n.阿拉伯語阿拉伯語的；阿拉伯文學(xué)的FIFA/舊也/(源自法語）國際足聯(lián)；國際足球聯(lián)合會Step1詞匯分類記憶Task1閱讀詞匯(英譯中)1,reference______________2,upsanddowns_____________3,despite_____________4,factor_____________5,based_____________6,dateback(to...)_____________7,symbol_____________8,shell_____________9,carve_____________10,dynasty_____________11,dialect_____________12,regard_____________13,calligraphy_____________14,affair_____________15,appreciate_____________16,specific_____________17,character_____________18,gap_____________19,semester_____________20,pants_____________21,description_____________22,Koreann.___________;adj.___________23,Danishn.___________；adj._________24,Denmark_____________25,Arabic_____________26,FIFA_____________27,CE(CommonEra)_____________Task2寫作詞匯(中譯英)1,提到；參考；查閱__________2,指的是；描述；提到；查閱(短語)__________3,體系；制度；系統(tǒng)__________4,出生地的；本地的；土著的；本地人__________5,態(tài)度；看法__________6,十億__________7,以……為據(jù)點；以……為基礎(chǔ)；底部；根據(jù)__________8,骨頭；骨(質(zhì))__________9,(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化__________10,主要的；重要的；主修課程；主修；專門研究__________11,不論哪里/誰/什么等等；不管哪里/誰/什么等等____________________12,方式；方法；途徑__________13,傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的；經(jīng)典作品；名著__________14,全球的；全世界的__________15,斗爭；奮斗；拼搏__________16,舌頭；語言__________→母語__________=__________language17,觀點；看法_________________18,汽油；氣體__________19,汽油(NAmEgas)__________20,地鐵__________21,公寓套房__________22,懇求；乞求；哀求__________23,同等的人；相等物；相同的；同樣的__________24,要求；需求；強烈要求；查問__________25,詞匯__________26,聯(lián)系；講述__________27,與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到__________Task3詞性變換或常用詞塊1,reference→v.__________2,base→adj._________→n._________(基礎(chǔ)；基底)3,symbol→adj.__________4,Danish→n.__________丹麥5,affair→常用詞塊:____________________;與某人有曖昧關(guān)系；_______________外交事務(wù)6,appreciate→n.____________7,specific→adv._____________8,semester→同義詞：__________9,description→v.__________10,Korean→n.____________________(韓國);→____________________(朝鮮)11,system→adj.____________有系統(tǒng)的；分類的；體系的；有條理的12,attitude→常用詞塊:_______________________對……的態(tài)度13,variety→adj._________________→v._________________14,major→n.__________________大多數(shù)；多數(shù)；多數(shù)黨；多數(shù)派15,global→n.__________地球(儀)；球體；世界→常用詞塊:_______________全球氣候變暖16,equal→adv.__________→n.__________17,beg→n.__________乞丐；窮人18,relate→adj.__________相關(guān)的；有親屬關(guān)系的；屬于同一種類的(或組別的)→n._____________

關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；親戚；陳述；參考Step2詞匯運用檢測。Task1CompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheChinesemeaning.Ittookthemmorethanone__________dollarstocompletetheproject.

完成這個工程花費了他們十億多美元。Somecomputerscanperformovera__________computationasecond.

有些計算機一秒鐘能完成超過十億次運算。He'semigratedtotheUSAandgonecompletely__________.

他已移居美國，完全成了美國人。My__________languageisChinese.我的母語是漢語。Thekangarooisa__________ofAustralia.袋鼠是產(chǎn)于澳大利亞的動物。HeisaBeijing__________.他是土生土長的北京人。Wemustmaintainafirm__________.我們必須采取堅定的態(tài)度。Sheshowsaverypositiveattitudetoherwork.她工作態(tài)度非常積極。Thisbookisfor__________only.這本書僅供參考。Thisframeof__________willbedeterminedbythelimitationsontherationalman'sknowledge.這個參照系統(tǒng)決定于理性人知識的限制。We__________theproposaltotheboardofdirectors.我們把這一建議提交董事會處理。Youshould__________thismattertotheheadofficeforadecision.

你應(yīng)當把這事提交總部去決定。Youcan__________adictionaryifnecessary.如果有必要，你可以參考字典。Thespeakeroften__________hisnotes.那位演講者一再參考他的講稿。Therule__________onlytospecialcases.這條規(guī)則只涉及一些特殊的情況。Iwasnot__________________herwhenIsaidso.當我那么說時,我并不是指她。Thedrainage__________hasbeenaged.排水系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)老化了。Themagazineisproducedusingadesktoppublishing__________.

這本雜志用一個桌面的出版系統(tǒng)做出來的。__________oldage,sheisstilllearningtodrive.盡管年事已高,她還在學(xué)開車。__________alloureffortswestilllostthegame.盡管我們盡了全力，我們還是輸?shù)袅吮荣?。Task2單句語法填空Herbosom__________(rise)andfellasshebreathed.Thedeterminatefactorofour__________(economic)istocontrolinflation.

3.Thecommittee'ssupportisanimportantfactorinthe__________(succeed)oftheproject.

4.Weare__________(base)inChicago.

5.Thecompany'sheadquartersisbased__________London.

6.Ifound__________smallleafatthebaseoftheflower.

7.Ourmissionwasover,and__________(go)backtoourbase.

8.Thisnovelisbased__________historicalfacts.

9.________________(science)havedatedthefossilsbytheirbonestructure.

10.Surgeonshavemadeagreatbreakthroughinthebone_____________(operate).

11.Thereisanornament__________(make)ofshellsonthewall.

12.Allthatremainedofthebuildingafterthefirewas__________emptyshell.

13.The_____________(chemistry)symbolforcopperis"Cu".

14.Thestatue__________(carve)outofmarble(大理石).

15.Wewilllook________apumpkin,tocarveintoajack-o-lantern.

16.Howmany__________(dynasty)arethereinChina'shistory?

17.TheQingDynasty__________(end)in1911.

18.Thehoteloffersitsguestsawide__________(various)ofamusements.

19.Lastweekwe__________(go)toavarietyshow.

20.Thatiswhythetelevisionnetworkskeep__________(serve)upoldmoviesandsecond-ratevarietyprogrammes.

Step1詞匯運用檢測Task1CompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheChinesemeaning.I'vedecidedtolearnphotographyinorderthatImaybetter____________thebeautyofnature.

我決定學(xué)攝影以便能更好地欣賞自然的美。Ourhousehas____________by50%inthelasttwoyears.

在過去的兩年中,我們的房子增值了50%25。Hegaveusvery____________instructions.

他給我們做了非常明確的指示。Thistellsyouthatthereisa____________distinctionbetweentherightandthewrong.

這件事告訴你是與非是有明確的區(qū)別的。He____________tocontrolhistemper.他努力控制住自己的脾氣。Theyshouldthereforeuniteto____________together.

因此,他們要聯(lián)合起來,共同努力奮斗。Hegaveupthe____________indespair.他絕望地放棄了斗爭。Hecameoffverywellinthe____________.在這場競爭中，他非常成功。The____________isoneofthevocals.舌頭是發(fā)聲器官之一。Thedog's____________washangingout.這條狗把舌頭伸在外面。Iinclinetoanother____________.我傾向另一觀點。Theyhaveexpandedmy____________onthequestion.

他們已更充分地闡明了我對這個問題的觀點。Hiswritinghasimprovedgreatlyinthis____________.這學(xué)期他的寫作有了很大進步。This____________willbemylastoneinthisuniversity.

15.這個學(xué)期將是我在這所大學(xué)的最后一學(xué)期了。16.____________isnowwidelyusedforcookingandheating.現(xiàn)在普遍用煤氣燒飯和取暖。17.Shelitthe_________andgavethecoffeeanotherwarm.她點燃煤氣，把咖啡重新熱了一下。18.____________isvolatile.汽油容易揮發(fā)。19.The____________isrunningout.汽油快要耗盡了。20.Shesawusonthe____________.

Task2單句語法填空。Iwanttogetthere______subway.Ihave______apartmentindowntownManhattan.

3.Weare______(fascinate)bythedelicateinteriordesignoftheapartment.

4.Heaskedthetailor______(make)overhispants.

5.Thisjacketwillmatchthosepants______(nice).

6.Shebegsthemnot______(punish)hersonseverely.

7.Theboyshailed______(pass)carstobegaride.

8.Womendemandequalpay______equalwork.

9.All___________(country),bigandsmall,shouldbeequal.

10.Theyrefused__________(treat)withusonequalterms.

11.Hehasagapbetweenhistwofront__________(tooth).

12.Theirdemandis__________(entire)justified.

13.Thedemandforcoalbeginstodecrease_______thespring.

14.Thepolicemandemanded_______(them)names.

15.Youcanlook______thiswordinthevocabulary.

16.Hehas_______extensivevocabulary.

17.Hegaveadescriptionof________hehadseen.

18.Thesceneryissobeautiful________itisbeyonddescriptions.________whateventsdidyourremarksrelate?

20.________isdifficulttorelatecauseandeffectinthiscase.

Task3從備選項中選擇合適的詞匯，并用其適當形式填空，其中有兩項多余。備選項：begequalgapdemandvocabularydescriberelatetoapartmentsubwaygasThelittleboycameuptohisfatherand

___________

thatheshouldbegivensometimetoplaywithhisfriends.Sinceitisrushhournow,IdecidetogototheBritishMuseumby

___________

withmyfriends.It'sknowntousallthatsomediseases_______________

airpollution.Theelderlywomanstoodbytheroad,

___________

formoneyfromthepassers-by.Barrywasunabletogivethepoliceaverydetailed

___________

ofthecriminal.A

___________

yearoffershighschoolgraduatesavaluableopportunitytoseetheircareerinterestandgoals.Youcanenlargeyour

___________

inmanyways,suchasreadingbooksandlisteningtotheradio.Accordingtowhatshesays,thetwohousesare

___________

insizeanddesign.Task4從備選項中選擇恰當?shù)脑~匯，并用其適當形式填空。備選項：appreciatecivilisecalligraphyglobesystemsymbolvarietybebasedonDespitemanyupsanddownsinitshistory,Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancient

1.___________.OneofthemainfactorsthathavemadeitpossibleistheChinesewritingsystem.

Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasalanguagewhich

_2__________

pictures.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseof

longgu

—animalbonesandshellsonwhich

_3__________

werecarve