高考語法【知識精研】虛擬語氣課件-高三英語上學(xué)期二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

高考語法----虛擬語氣學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)01.了解虛擬語氣的分類02.了解并掌握各類虛擬語氣的特點(diǎn)03.能夠在語境中判斷虛擬語氣的種類及是否需要虛擬04.寫作PARTONE了解虛擬語氣的分類了解虛擬語氣的分類①

表要求，建議，命令等詞匯后所加從句中的虛擬②

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些表達(dá)虛擬的用法③

跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后的虛擬④

If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬Without,butfor,otherwise等引導(dǎo)的虛擬PARTTWO了解并掌握各類虛擬語氣的特點(diǎn)一：表要求，建議，命令等詞匯后所加從句中的虛擬要求：ask,require,request,demand建議：suggest,advice,recommend,propose命令：order,command其他：insist,desire,urgethat+S+shoulddo/bedone表要求，建議，命令等詞匯后所加從句中的虛擬這類動(dòng)詞后面所加從句多為表達(dá)說話者對他人的要求，建議，命令，愿望等，所說的事件均未發(fā)生（所以應(yīng)特別注意suggest意為表明或者暗示時(shí)，及insist表達(dá)對已發(fā)生事件看法時(shí)，均不需要采用此類虛擬。Eg:Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Heinsistedthathegottheinformationfromareliablesource.）根據(jù)提示填空①Isuggestthatshe_________________(take)thecourse.②Hedemandedthatallthework___________________byFriday.③Heurgedthatwe________________(delete)thephotosastheywerespreadillegally.④Muminsistedourhands_______________________(wash)beforeeatingthemeal.一：表要求，建議，命令等詞匯后所加從句中的虛擬shouldtakeshouldbedoneshoulddeleteshouldbewashed一：表要求，建議，命令等詞匯后所加從句中的虛擬觀察以下句子，得出你的結(jié)論：①Itismysuggestionthatsheshouldtakethecourse.②Itissuggestedthatsheshouldtakethecourse.③ItisdemandedthatalltheworkshouldbedonebyFriday.④Itisinsistedthatweshouldwashourhandsbeforemeal.你的結(jié)論：以上動(dòng)詞的各種詞性變化（名詞，形容詞）后加從句_______________.再認(rèn)真觀察以上四個(gè)句子，它們是Itis/was+n/adj.+從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，Itisapitythatheshouldbesostupid.Itisnecessarythatheshouldattendthemeeting.that+S+shoulddo/bedone一：表要求，建議，命令等詞匯后所加從句中的虛擬這個(gè)句式中的一個(gè)特例是“該是做……的時(shí)候了”Itis(about/high)timethatsbItistimethatyoushouldgetdowntostudy.Itistimethatyougotdowntostudy.Itistimethatyou___________________________(go)tobed.shouldgo/went二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后從句的虛擬這類虛擬中，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)對所虛擬事件的時(shí)間進(jìn)行改變，原則上是往后退一個(gè)時(shí)間的時(shí)態(tài)1.對將來的虛擬變成過去將來時(shí)，如will

would，can

could2.對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，變成過去式，如do/does

did，is/am/are

were3.對過去的虛擬，變成過去完成時(shí)，如did

haddone（注意：wouldrather所加從句對現(xiàn)在和將來的虛擬，統(tǒng)一用過去式，對過去的虛擬用過去完成時(shí)）二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后從句的虛擬①HowIwishthatIcouldattendyourwedding.ItisapitythatIshouldbeonameetingthen.②IwishIwerenothere.Lookhowridiculoustheyare!③IwishIhadnottoldhimthetruth.Heisveryupsetnow.二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后從句的虛擬嘗試對以下句子進(jìn)行虛擬：①Heactsasifhe_____________(be)amillionaireinaminute!②Don'ttalkasifyou________(be)mymum.③Heactedasifhe____________(be)onthespotandwitnessedeverything.④IfonlyI_______(have)wingsandcouldfly!⑤IfonlyI________________(nottell)himthetruth.Lookhowupsetheisnow!wouldbewerehadbeenhadhadn’ttold二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后從句的虛擬嘗試對以下句子進(jìn)行虛擬：⑥IfonlyI________________(attend)yourwedding!WhydoIhavetotakeanexamthen?⑦Iamsobusyatthemoment.Iwouldratheryou_____________(come)tomorrow.⑧IwouldratherI_________________(nottell)himthetruth.Hewasveryupsetnow.couldattendcamehadn’ttold三、If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬（與第二點(diǎn)相似，虛擬時(shí)謂語需往后退一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）請觀察下面的句子：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnicinthepark.在if引導(dǎo)的條件句表有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的將來時(shí)，從句用__________來表將來。換句話說，一般情況下，if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，從句不會(huì)出現(xiàn)will（表意愿除外）。所以在相應(yīng)的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般只會(huì)出現(xiàn)過去式或者過去完成時(shí)。現(xiàn)在時(shí)三、If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬虛擬If引導(dǎo)的從句主句（一定要出現(xiàn)would/could/might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式）對將來（從句及主句中同一個(gè)數(shù)字

后面的句子加起來為一個(gè)完整的句子）謂語動(dòng)詞用

wereto/did/shoulddo①

Ifitshould/

weretoraintomorrow,②

Ifitrainedtomorrow,③

IfI_________________/____________/_________(notstay)uptonight,

謂語動(dòng)詞用

would(could/might…)do①

thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.②

thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.③

I____________(willnotfinish)myhomeworkand___________(willbe)scoldedbymyteacher.didn’tstaywerenottostayshouldn’tstaywouldn’tfinishwouldbe三、If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬虛擬If引導(dǎo)的從句主句（一定要出現(xiàn)would/could/might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式）對現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞改為

______/_did_①

IfIwereyou,②

IfI_________(benot)here,③

謂語動(dòng)詞用

would(could/might…)do①

Iwouldaccepthisinvitation.②

Iwouldnotseethiswonderfulshow.③

werewerenot三、If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬虛擬If引導(dǎo)的從句主句（一定要出現(xiàn)would/could/might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式）對過去謂語動(dòng)詞改為

haddone

①

Ifyouhadlistenedtoyourteacher,②

Ifyou________(work)harder,③

謂語動(dòng)詞用

would(could/might…)+__________①

youwouldhavepassedtheexam.②

you____________(willget)bettermarks.③

havedonehadworkedwouldhavegot三、If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬虛擬If引導(dǎo)的從句主句（一定要出現(xiàn)would/could/might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式）混合時(shí)態(tài)(依據(jù)具體虛擬的時(shí)態(tài)，進(jìn)行組合)①

Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,(從句是對過去的虛擬，用_____)②

IfIwereyou,(從句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，用過去式)③

Ifyou_________(study)harder,④

IfI_________(know)itwouldbesoboring,⑤

IfI______(be)you,

①

youwouldn'tbeinthehospitalnow.(主句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，用______)②

Iwouldhavebeatenhimup.(主句是對過去的虛擬，用wouldhavedone)③

you__________(besitting)inaofficecomfortablynow.④

I__________(notbe)here.⑤

I_______________(beat)himupyesterday.過去完成時(shí)woulddohadstudiedwouldbesittinghadknownwouldn’tbewerewouldhavebeaten三、If所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及主句中涉及的各類虛擬注意if引導(dǎo)的條件句的虛擬有可能存在的省略倒裝（參見倒裝）Without,butfor,otherwise等引導(dǎo)的虛擬上面幾個(gè)短語其實(shí)都是if引導(dǎo)的從句的變形，只不過if引導(dǎo)的是從句，而without及butfor是介詞，而otherwise前則加一個(gè)表事實(shí)的句子，但是緊隨這三個(gè)單詞或短語后面的句子沿用的均是上一種情況中主句的虛擬形式，即對現(xiàn)在和將來的虛擬，用would/could/might/shoulddo對過去的虛擬，用would/could/might/shouldhavedoneWithout,butfor,otherwise等引導(dǎo)的虛擬④Withoutair,humancouldn'tsurvive.Iftherewerenotair,humancouldn'tsurvive.⑤Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thavepassedtheexam.Ifithadn’tbeenyourhelp,Icouldn'thavepassedtheexam.⑥Butfortherain,thecropswouldhavedied.Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,thecropswouldhavedied.⑦Hehesitatedforawhile;otherwise,hewouldhavescored.Ifhehadn’thesitated,hewouldhavescored.Without,butfor,otherwise等引導(dǎo)的虛擬完成下列句子①Withoutagoodwife,I____________________(nothave)suchagoodlife.②Withoutenoughexercise,he____________________(notbuild)suchagoodbody.③

Butforhisteachers’help,he____________________(notget)suchgoodmarks.couldn’tlivecouldn’thavebuiltwouldn’thavegot其他種類的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的虛擬Couldhavedone意為___________Hecouldhavelentyouahand.Hewasnotbusyanyway.Shouldhavedone意為___________Youshouldhavehandedinyourworkyesterday.Itwasthedueday.Shouldn’thavedone意為___________Youshouldn’thavemadefunofhiminfrontofthewholeclass.Needn’thavedone意為___________Itwasonlyathree-minutewalk.Youneedn’thavetakenthetaxi.本可以本應(yīng)該本不應(yīng)該本不需要PARTTHREE虛擬中需要注意的真實(shí)情況

虛擬中需要注意的真實(shí)情況①Hedidn'tdohishomework,orhismumwouldn'thavebeensoangry.②Butforthefactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodoitrightnow.PARTFOUR虛擬在讀后續(xù)寫中的使用“要是我沒有這么任性就好了