廈門大學考博英語模擬試卷11

廈門大學考博英語模擬試卷11

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Whilehewasnotdumberthananox,hewasnotanysmarter;somostofhis

classmateswerelenientandhelpedhimalong.

A^helpful

B>merciful

C、enthusiastic

D、intelligent

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本句的后半句說的是他的很多同學都是友愛無私的，他們幫助他共同

前進。lenient在句中的意思是“仁慈的，寬大的“。helpful“有幫助的，有益的“，

enthusiastic“熱心的，熱情的“，intelligent“聰明的''都不符合句意。merciful“仁慈

的，慈悲的“與題中詞意思接近，如：Themercifulkingsavedthetwoyoungofficers

fromdeath.（仁慈的國王把兩個年輕的軍官從死神手中救了出來。）

2、Thecells（電）也）weredesignedtosunshinetoelectricitytorunamotor.

A、convert

alter

C、modify

D、exchange

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題是說這種電池被設(shè)計成把太陽能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能來驅(qū)動馬，達。A項

中,convert（into/to）v.（使）轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?，（使）轉(zhuǎn)化為（如toconvertcottonintocloth；to

convertdefeatintovictory：toconvertwaterintosteam：Thisseatconvertseasilyintoa

bed）,符合題意。其他三項中，如ervl."改變，變更”（直接跟賓語，不跟介詞lo/

into）；modifyvt.“修改，更改”（不跟介詞to/into）；exchange（for）vt.”交換，調(diào)

換”（exchangeAforB”用A交換B”；exchangeseatswithsb.”與某人交換座位）

都與題意不符。

3、Hethejobbecauseitinvolvedtoomuchtraveling.

A、tookup

B、appliedfur

C、turneddown

D、switchedto

標準答案：C

知識點解析：lookup開始從事；appliedfor申請；turneddown拒絕;switchedto轉(zhuǎn)

到。

4、Banknotesarenotusuallyintogoldnowadays.

A、inverted

B、revertible

C>convertible.

D、diverting.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：這道題的四個選項詞干和詞尾相近，但意義相差很遠。他們的詞義

為:A項“顛倒的”；B項“可回復(fù)的”;C項“（貨幣、證券等的）可兌換的”；D項“有

趣的“。這句話是講一國的中央銀行發(fā)行的紙幣與黃金的關(guān)系，因此C項最適合，

是本題的正確答案。

5、Ayearhasandthereisnosignofthesituationgettinganybetter.

A、emerged

B>enclosed

C、clasped

D、expired

標準答案：D

知識點解析：emerge出現(xiàn)；enclose圍住,封在...之中；clasp扣緊，緊握;

expire期滿，結(jié)束。

6、Thetaxiinfrontofagirl,justintimetoavoidaseriousaccident.

A、turnedin

B、pulledup

C、clearedup

D、droppedin

標準答案：B

知識點解析：lurnin上交；pullup停車；clearup整理，清除，放晴；dropin順便

走訪。

7^ItisaninterestingthatRobsoncansaythathewouldnotusegamesmanship,

butfeltthattheprofessionalfoulwasnotonlyalegitimateweaponinagivensituation

butalsohisresponsibility.

A、dilemma

discrepancy

C、paradox

D、assumption

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、Thelocalauthoritiesseemedtofortheaccidenttakingplacelastweek.

A、share

take

C、criticize

D、blame

標準答案：D

知識點解析:各項的意思是：share”均分，共有，分享“；takefor”認為，以為”；

criticize”批評，責備"；blame”責備，譴責”。空格處的意思是：應(yīng)對發(fā)生的事故受

到譴責。

9、Hewaswiththedeadlydiseasewhenhewas14,andhassufferedwithitfor

10years.

A、induced

B、inflicted

C、inserted

D、integrated

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題空格處是說他14歲時染上這種致命的疾病。B項“inflicted使承

擔”符合題意。其他三項“induced勸誘；inserted插入；integrated使成整體,'都不正

確。

10、Althoughthetwocompaniestalkedabouthowlittlethereisbetweenthem,

theystillexpecttoeliminateabout10,000positionsfromacombinedworkforceof

140,000aftertheirmergence.

A^overlap

B、combination

C、congregation

D、inundation

標準答案：A

知識點解析：overlap意為“復(fù)疊處”；combination意為“結(jié)合"；congregation意為

“集合inundation意為“洪水”。木句話空格處表達的意思是：兩家公司之間的復(fù)

疊處多么少。A項符合題意，其他三項都與題意不符。因此本題答案為A。

11、Haven'tItoldyouIdon'twantyoukeepingwiththoseawfulriding-about

bicycleboys?

A、company

B、acquaintance

C^friends

D、place

標準答案：A

知識點解析：keepcompanywithsomeone表示“與某人為伴、交往keepfriends

with與某人保持友好關(guān)系，不如keepcompanywith意義確切；acquaintance常用于

makesomebody'sacquaintance結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“初次結(jié)識某人

12、Themeaningsoftheindividualwordsdonothelpdefineallexpressionlike

"Dropinanytime."

A^literary

B、literature

C、literal

D、literate

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題空格處是說字面的含義。C項1訕山”字面上的”符合題意。其他

三項literary”文學上的”;literature“文學"；literate”有文化的”都不正確。

13、Thetwocountrieswerefightingseverelytoeveryinchoftheland,

A、intervene

B、contest

C、imperil

D、inhabit

標準答案：B

知識點解析：（comesi爭奪）。句意為：為了爭奪每一寸土地，兩國展開了激戰(zhàn)。

A.intervene干涉，后跟in；C.imperil危害;D.inhabit居住于。

14、Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswerwiththerealityoftheir

world.

A、relevant

simultaneous

C、consistent

D、practical

標準答案：C

知識點解析:從句意上分析，consistentwith（與一致的，如：Thisstatementis

notconsistentwithwhatyousaidatyesterday'smeeting.這個說法與你昨天會上的發(fā)

言不相符。）正確。

15、Forthefirsttime,wefoundthatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhuman

evolutionandthesecondphase.

A、theories

B、morasses

C、frescos

D、fossils

標準答案：D

知識點解析：各項的意志是：山卬ry"理論，學說“；“沼澤”；1133“壁畫二

fbssil“化石

16、We'dliketoatabicforfivefbrdinnerthisevening.

A、preserve

B>reserve

C^retain

D^sustain

標準答案：B

知識點解析：reservea〔able為常見搭配，意為“訂餐，預(yù)定餐桌“；preserve保護；

維護；保存；retain保持，保留；sustain支撐，撐?。痪湟猓何覀兿霝榻裉祛A(yù)訂五

人的晚餐。

17>Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsuchanplan.

A、inherent

ingenious

C^infectious

D、indulgent

標準答案：B

知識點解析?：木題空格處是說提出這樣一個有獨創(chuàng)性的計劃。B項ingenious”機靈

的，有獨創(chuàng)性的”符合題意,如:Aningeniousideasuddenlycameuponhimwhenhe

wastakingawalkwithhiswife.他在和他夫人散步時突然想到了一個絕妙的主意。

其他三項inhcrenr固有的，內(nèi)在的，與生俱來的"；infectious“有傳染性的，易傳染

的，有感染力的'、；indulgent"縱容的''都不正確。

18、Fearshowedintheeyesoftheyoungman,whiletheoldmanlookedtiredand.

A、watery

B、wandering

C、weary

D、wearing

標準答案：C

知識點解析：各項的意思是：watery"水的，濕的"；wandering“徘徊的，流浪的”；

weary“疲倦的.疲勞的"：wearing“使疲憊的,令人厭倦的"°空格處的意思是：當

老人看起來又累又疲倦時，恐懼現(xiàn)樓在年輕人的眼中。

19、Heisa(an)andwell-behavedchild,buthisparentsworryabouthimforhe

talkstoolittle.

A^obedient

B>transient

C、conscious

D^passionate

標準答案：A

知識點解析:obedient順從的；transient短暫的;conscious有意識的：神志清醒

的；passionate充滿熱情的。后三個均不合題意。句意：他是個順從、循規(guī)蹈矩的

孩子，但他說話太少了，很讓父母擔心。

20、AsanpartofChina,Kongkongreturnedtotheembraceofitsmotherlandin

July,199.

A^explicit

B、oriented

C、integral

D、optimal

標準答案：C

知識點解析：（integral構(gòu)成整體所必需的）。句意為：作為中國不可分割的一部分，

香港于1997年7月回到祖國的懷抱。A.explicit明晰的，清楚的；B.oriented

以……為導向的；D.0Ptimal最適宜的，最理想的。

21、TheforeignministerwouldrevealnothingabouthisrecenttouroftheMiddleEast

beyondwhathadalreadybeenannouncedatthepressconference.

A、asfor

B、inadditionto

C^alongwith

D^inrelationto

標準答案：B

知識點解析：空格處的意思是：關(guān)于最近的中東之行，這位外長不會透漏任何超出

已經(jīng)在記者招待會上宣布的信息。劃線單詞beyond的意思是“在（到）……較遠的一

邊，超過，那一邊”。各選項的意思是：asfor“至于“；inad—ditionto”除...之

外“；alongwith"連……一起"；inrelationto"涉及，與...相比

22NStudentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionsiolovelybeachesaroundthe

islandatregular

A、gaps

rate

C、length

D、intervals

標準答案：D

知識點解析:atintervals每隔一段時間,每隔一段距離，如;Shebroughtuscoffee

atintervals.gap空隙，缺口;間隔，差距；空檔，空白，如：Thetradegap

betweenimportsandexportsremainedhigh,rate速度;率；價錢，收費,如：She

canreadattheraleof1000wordsaminute,length任度。句意：學生或老師每隔

一段時間就能參加去海島周圍的美麗海岸旅行的活動。

23、Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecause

theybelievethiskindofgroupingisadvisable.

A、homogeneous

instantaneous

C、spontaneous

D、anonymous

標準答案：A

知識點解析：homogeneous同種類的，同性質(zhì)的；instantaneous瞬間發(fā)生的，即將

的；spontaneous自然發(fā)生的；一，時沖動的；自發(fā)的；anonymous無名的，不具名

的；匿名的。句意：有一些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學生放在同一個班，因為

他們認為這種同質(zhì)的編組是可行的。

24>WhenAmericanastronautGlenreturnedtotheearthandaheartywelcome

him,hewasconsideredtobeanationalhero.

A、waitedfor

B、anticipated

C、expected

D、awaited

標準答案：D

知識點解析：D項awaited意思是“tobereadyfor,做好...的準備，備妥以待”，

符合題意。其他三項“A項waitedfor等待；B項anticipated預(yù)感，期待；C項

expected期待，預(yù)期”都不正確。本題的意思是宇航員歸來后受到熱烈的歡迎。因

此D項為正確答案。

25、Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersonsfromtheaudienceandaskedthem

tohelphimwiththeperformance.

A、byaccident

B、onaverage

C^onoccasion

D、atrandom

標準答案：D

知識點解析：D項“atrandom隨意的”符合題意。其他三項“A項byaccident偶然

的；B項onaverage平均的；C項onoccasion有時”都不正確。本題空格處是說魔

術(shù)師從觀眾中隨意選了幾人。因此D項為正確答案。

26、Itmustguaranteefreedomofexpression,totheendthatalltotheflowof

ideasshallberemoved.

A、prophecies

B、transactions

C>arguments

D、hindrances

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

27、TheymovedtoPortlandin1998andlivedinabighouse,tothesouth.

A、thewindowsofwhichopened

B、thewindowsofitopened

C、itswindowsopened

D、thewindowsofwhichopening

標準答案：A

知識點解析：thewindowsofwhich引導定語從句,修飾house。定語從句需要謂語

動詞，只能用過去式opened,不能用分詞opening。

28、Theeditorspenthourseverysinglepageofthatthicknovel,lookingforthe

slightesterror.

A^decorating

scrutinizing

C、remedying

D、shattering

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題是說，編輯花了好幾個小時來仔細審查那本厚厚的小說的每一

頁，意圖找出極微小的錯誤。四個選項中，A項decorating的意思是“裝飾”，B項

scrutinizing的意思是“細察”,C項remedying的意思是“治療,補救，矯正”，D項

shattering的意思是“打碎，使散開”。根據(jù)題意，B項為正確答案。

29、thegiftinbeautifulgreenpaper,Sarahdepartedfbrtheparty.

AxHavingwrapped

B、Towrap

C、Wrap

D、Wrapping

標準答案：A

知識點解析：在這個句子里，動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)，應(yīng)用

現(xiàn)在完成時。所以，應(yīng)選擇A。

30、Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthasaseriesof

policies.

A、reserved

B、issued

C、delivered

D、expressed

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題答案是B。B項的意思是：issue發(fā)布；頒布。其他各項的意思

是：reserve預(yù)定；deliver投送，交付，使分娩；express表達。

二、閱讀理解（本題共720題，每題7.0分，共720

分。）

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentfbrthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

RecordedintheOldTestamentistheexpression"aneyeforaneye,andatoothfora

tooth."Thatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenceagainst

society.Tomakeupforhisoffence,societymustgeteven.Thiscanbedoneonlyby

doinganequalinjurytohim.ThisconceptionofretributivejusticeisreHectedinmany

partsofthelegaldocumentsandproceduresofmoderntimes.Itisillustratedwhenwe

demandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.Thisphilosophyof

punishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel.Hebelieved-thatsocietyowed

ittothecriminaltogiveapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminal

hadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwill

counteractthisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderernothing

lessthangivinguphisownwillpayhisdebt.Thedemandofthedeathpenaltyisaright

thestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdenyhimhisdue.Modernjuristshavetried

toreplaceretributivejusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatteris

nottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.It

triestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatis

inhim.Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwill

enablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbe

administered,thecauseofhisantisocialbehaviourmustbefound.Ifthecausecanbe

removed,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoare

incurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofthesociety.Thisdoesnot

meanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersof

crime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwithhim.If

severepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansforaccompanyingthis,itshouldbe

administered.However,theindividualshouldbegiveneveryopportunitytoassumea

normalplaceinsociety.Hisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunity

tomakehiswayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.（450words）

31、Thebesttitleforthisselectionis.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章一開始就指出，社會的公正包括兩個方面：對被告的公正審判以

及對罪犯恰當?shù)膽土P。然后，作者就報應(yīng)型公正（第一段）和改正型公正（第二段）分

別進行了論述。

32、Hegelwouldviewthedeathsentenceformurderas.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：在文章第一段后半部分，黑格爾認為社會對犯人的懲處應(yīng)該和他所犯

下的罪行相等。既然罪犯以自己的行動否定了自己，他就得為他過錯彌補。如果該

判他死刑，他就必須去死，這也是政府賦予罪犯的一種義務(wù)。這個觀點與D”是殺

人犯與生俱來的權(quán)利''相似，故選D。

33、WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：參考第一段第七句，報應(yīng)型公正做法迄今還在用。

34、Thepunishmentthatwouldbemostinconsistentv/iththeviewsofcorrectivejustice

wouldbe.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：“死刑電椅”在文章里不但沒有提到，而且與改正型的精神不符，故選

D.

35>TheBiblicalexpression"aneyeforaneye.andatoothfbratooth"waspresentedin

orderto

標準答案：D

知識點解析：從文章第一段第二句后半部分wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheidea

ofapunishmentequaltoihccrime中的earlier可以看出，作者想說的是人類很早就

注意這方面了，故選D。

WhenIwasachildinSundayschool,Iwouldasksearchingquestionslike"Angelscan

flyupinheaven,buthowdocloudsholduppianos?'1andgetthesamepuzzlingresponse

abouthowthatwasnotimportant,whatwasimportantwasthatJesusdiedforoursins

andifweacceptedhimasoursavior,whenwedied,wewouldgotoheaven,wherewe'd

geteverythingwewanted.Somechildreninmyclasswonderedwhyanyonewouldhang

onacrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishandstohelpanyoneelse;IwonderedhowSanta

Clausknewwhat1wantedforChristmas,eventhoughIneverwrotehimaletter.Maybe

hehadataperecorderhiddenineverychimneyintheworld.Thisliteral-mindednesshas

stuckwithme;oneresultofitisthatIamunabletobelieveinGod.Mostoftheother

atheistsIknowseemtofeelfreedorproudoftheirunbelief,asiftheyhavecleverly

refusedtobesoldsnakeoil.Myhusband,whowasrearedinadevoutCatholicfamily,

hasservedasanaltarboy.Sootherthanbaptizingoursontoreassureourfamilies,we've

skatedovertheissueoffaith.Somepeoplebelievefaithisagift;it'sachoice,amatterof

spiritualdiscipline.Ihaveafriendwhowasrearedtobelieve,andhedocs.Buthisfaith

haswavered.Hehasstruggledtohangontoitandtopassitalongtohischildren.Another

friendofminenevergoestochurchbecauseshe'sasinglemotherwhodoesn'thavethe

gasmoney.Butsheoncetoldmeadaywhenshewaswashingorangesasthesun

streamedontothem.Asshepeeledone,thesmellroseioherface,andshefeltshe

receivedtheHolySpirit."Hesankintomybones,"sherecounted."Iliftedmypalms

upward,feelingfilledwithlove."Beingnotheologian,andnotevenabeliever,Iamnot

inapositiontoofferuptheories,butmineisthis:peoplewhoreceivefaithdirectly,asa

spontaneouscombustionofthesoul,havefewerquestions.Theyhavebeensparkedwith

afaiththatismoreunshakablethanthatofthosewhohavebeentaught.

36、Fromthefirstparagraphofthepassageweknowthat.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第1段提到作者小時候經(jīng)常提出種種問題，并對很多事感到迷

惑，由此可知B“作者過去常常對很多事情感到困惑不解”符合文意。文章第2段提

到作者的丈夫，可知A項不正確；C文中未提及；D文中只提及作者猜想圣誕老人

可能在每家都放置了一個錄音機，并不能判斷出錄音機的使用很普遍。

37、Theword"his"in"acrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishands"(Line6,Para.1)refers

to.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：文章第1段第2句中提到，“我的班上的一些孩子們想知道為什么懸

掛在十字架上的那個釘子穿過其手掌的人會幫助其他任何人。”從而判斷出這里指

的是耶穌雙手被釘在十字架上受難的情況，所以選A。其他三項都與文意不符。

38、Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：文章第2段最后一句提到，“因此，除了給我們的兒子施洗禮來使我

們的家人安心外，我們已將信仰問題一帶而過。''由此可推知大多數(shù)美國家庭都會

給剛出生的嬰兒洗禮，所以選C。

39、Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorusestheexampleofthesinglemothertoindicate

thatfaith.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章第3段中作者提到的信仰對有些人來說是一種禮物，對另一些人

來說是一種選擇；而在舉出這位單身母親的例子時，提到她突然感到了圣靈，并感

到上帝沁入她的骨髓，這說明信仰是一種自發(fā)的沖動，因此選D。

40、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：縱觀全文，作者通過提及小時候的經(jīng)歷，成年后家中的情況以及身邊

朋友的情況來對信仰這個問題作了闡述，并在最后提到了自己的觀點。由此可知A

正確。B只是文章第1段提到的一個細節(jié)；C不全面，作者在文中也談到了無神論

者：D與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān),

Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,but

whenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolI

wantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaims

wouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationand

lotofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat'snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudy

engineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitythatdoesntevenofferamajorinelectrical

engineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice:Icamehereformorenoble

reasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavalue

systemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionby

interactingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingScienceorengineering.Myparents,

teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswise

andmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.Iheadedofftocollege,feelingsure

Iwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering

"factories"wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobea

completeengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.NowI'mnotso

sure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleideals

eventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstragglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineering

courseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineering

studentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythat

hasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandthe

liberalartssimplydon'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallythey

shapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestraggleto

reconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.

41、Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe

標準答案：C

知識點解析：在第三段中作者表示：“Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer：

technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.”作者選擇藝術(shù)類院校讀是因

為他想成為一個把工程技術(shù)和人文科學完美結(jié)合的優(yōu)秀人才。

42、Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,

engineeringstudentscan.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：“Iwantedtoopenmyeyes...Scienceorengineering.”作者認為同學藝

術(shù)的人交往可以開闊視野，增長見識。

43、Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：在作者看來，一個成功的工程類學生應(yīng)該不僅應(yīng)該具有技術(shù)才能，更

需要有廣闊的視野。

44、Theauthor'sexperienceshowsthathewas.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：故事的最后，作者的美好理想在現(xiàn)實中破滅。所以他的理想固然是

好，但卻是不切實際的。

45Theword"they'*inparagraph5refersto.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：結(jié)合上下文，很顯然這個“they”是指代前一句話中的“engineeringand

M

thelibcralartso

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyofthe

world'sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesome

relatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainst

oneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocial

entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitors

maynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictand

competitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessby

whichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisservice,ofoneanother.Oppositionisthus

contrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceof

oneanother.Thesedefinitionsarcnecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethat

competitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,

butconflictisnotconflict;nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobably,an

essentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedforthe

inevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimal

species,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureis

competition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinor

maintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,but

inthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrom

meat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecome

victimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,but

ratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthe

struggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,anda

satisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessful

decline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryatthe

expenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamong

nationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

46>Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

47、Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

48>Thephrase,*'functioninthedisserviceofoneanother"(Line9,Para.1)most

probablymeans.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

49、Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion"

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatistical

methods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsof

governmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)anda

gentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplaying

theoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,is

representedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingof

censusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthe

fathercamemodeminferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesof

probability.Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribing

collectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,

intelligence,orgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlying

continuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariable,suchassex,collegemajor,or

personalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof

summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsistool

fordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofan

otherwiseunwieldymassofdata.Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethods

forsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhuman

mind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake

predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishes

todeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschool

withoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeof

statistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestion

eachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfrom

asampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredict

orestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlya

sampleofthepopulation.

50、Whichofthefollowingarecountinganddescribingassociatedwith?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：由文章第一段中“Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,

statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,

andthetakingofcensusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.“可以得

到答案。

51、Whydoestheauthormentionthe"mother"and"father"inthefirstparagraph?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：作者用，、父親"、,、母親”這樣的說法只是為了用一種幽默和易懂的方式

來介紹統(tǒng)計學的由來。

52、Whichofthefollowingistrueofdescriptivestatistics?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：文章第三段最后一句話“Descriptivestatisticsistoolfordescribingor

summarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldy

massofdata.”說明描述統(tǒng)計學是對大量雜亂的數(shù)據(jù)性質(zhì)進行描敘、總結(jié)或者簡化

以更易于理解的工具。所以C正確。

53、Whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由文章最后一段易知：抽樣檢測的目的是為了預(yù)測整體的特性.這也

就是inferentialstatistics的方法和內(nèi)容。

54、Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitlefor(hispassage?

標準答案：c

知識點0析：整篇文章講述的就是統(tǒng)計學的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，所以C最合適。

AsTexasbeginstorecoverfromtwoweeksofdevastatingstorms,agenerallyhidden

truthaboutitseconomywillcometolightagain.Mostofthebuildersandelectricians

whowillhavetorepairthehouses,remaketheroadsandre-establishtheelectricalpower

lineswillhavetotakeonundocumentedworkersinordertomeettheircontracts.In1996

theImmigrationandNaturalisationService(INS)conservativelyestimatedthatTexas

hadover600000undocumentedimmigrantsdoingthejobsnooneelsewants:hauling

carcassesinpackingplants,pickingfruit,cleaninghotelrooms,orsortingoutthe

unspeakabledamagecausedbynaturaldisasters.Mentiontheissueoftheseworkerstoa

Texan,andheisliabletofalluncharacteristicallysilent.Evenstatelegislatorsavoidthe

issue.Theyknowthatmanyoftheirconstituentsemployundocumentedworkers.They

alsoknowthattheboomingTexaseconomyisdriveninpartbythereadysupplyof

cheap,diligent,illegallabour.Dallasisonemagnetforundocumentedworkers.Thecity's

politiciansopposeINScrackdownsfearingtheywilldamagethelocaleconomyand

bankruptsmallcompanies.Houstonisanother.Thereadawndrivepastsomeofthecily's

36informalday-laboursitesshowsthesizeoftheundocumentedworkforce.Young

Mexicanswaitonthepavement,readytojumpintothebackofanypick-uptruckthat

slowsdowntotakethem.Houstonpoliceestimatethatover150,000labourers,about

85%ofthemundocumented,gathereverydayinsearchofajob.Itisatestamenttothe

vitalityoftheTexaseconomythatmostofthemgethiredusuallytomixcementandshift

bricks.Noquestionsareasked,nopaperssigned.Mostworkersdonotevenknowtheir

employersname.Theyarepaidincash,around40dollarsadaywhiletheaverage

Americanearnsmorethantwiceasmuch.

55、Accordingtothepassage,thepresenceofimmigrantworkersinTexas.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：從文章第2段可知，得克薩斯人對移民工人傾向于保持沉默，避而不

談，并沒有把他們看作一個問題，而且得克薩斯州的經(jīng)濟增長一部分依賴于這些非

法的移民工人為之工作，所以選

56、Someofthejobsthattheillegalimmigrantsdoasmentionedinthearticleinclude

thefollowing.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：在文章第1段中有2處提到非法移民工人在Texas都做些什么工作，

由此分析4個選項。B中managingrestaurants,cleaningroads是文中沒有提到的，

C中cleaningroadsandcuttingmeat不正確，D中workinginparks不正確,所以選

Ao

57、Theillegalworkersare.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：第3段最后"bythereadysupplyofcheap,diligent,illegallabor"說明

這些非法工人廉價、勤快。選D。

58、WhichofthefollowingwasNOTstatedinthepassage?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：A選項文中沒有直接說，但是從文章比喻Dallas和