第五章訂單處理與信息系統(tǒng)培訓(xùn)資料

CR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.Chapter5訂單處理與信息系統(tǒng)OrderProcessingandInformationSystems在物流領(lǐng)域，頂尖高手和平庸之輩的差距往往就在于企業(yè)物流信息技術(shù)的能力。 DaleS.Rogers RichardL.Dawe PatrickGuerra1產(chǎn)品計(jì)劃三角形ProductinthePlanningTriangleCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.PLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransportStrategy?Transportfundamentals?TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals?Theproduct?Logisticsservice?Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy?Forecasting?Inventorydecisions?Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions?Storagefundamentals?StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy?Locationdecisions?Thenetworkplanningprocess計(jì)劃組織控制TransportStrategy?Transportfundamentals?TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals?Theproduct?Logisticsservice?Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy?Forecasting?Inventorydecisions?Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions?Storagefundamentals?StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy?Locationdecisions?Thenetworkplanningprocess庫(kù)存戰(zhàn)略預(yù)測(cè)客戶服務(wù)目標(biāo)采購(gòu)和供應(yīng)時(shí)間決策存儲(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)存儲(chǔ)決策產(chǎn)品物流服務(wù)訂單管理和信息系統(tǒng)庫(kù)存決策運(yùn)輸戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)輸決策選址戰(zhàn)略選址決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃流程2OrderProcessingandInformationSystemsinPlanningTriangleCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.PLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransportStrategy?Transportfundamentals?TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals?Theproduct?Logisticsservice?Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy?Forecasting?Inventorydecisions?Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions?Storagefundamentals?StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy?Locationdecisions?ThenetworkplanningprocessPLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransportStrategy?Transportfundamentals?TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals?Theproduct?Logisticsservice?Ord.Proc.&info.sys..InventoryStrategy?Forecasting?Inventorydecisions?Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions?Storagefundamentals?StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy?Locationdecisions?Thenetworkplanningprocess3訂單處理過程中的關(guān)鍵要素CR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.銷售訂單訂單準(zhǔn)備：要求購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)訂單傳輸傳送訂單信息訂單錄入核查庫(kù)存準(zhǔn)確性審查信用審查保留訂單/取消訂貨轉(zhuǎn)錄開具賬單

訂單履行直接提貨、生產(chǎn)或采購(gòu)包裝代運(yùn)貨物決定配送時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備運(yùn)輸單據(jù)訂單狀況報(bào)告訂單跟蹤與客戶就訂單履行情況進(jìn)行交流55.1訂單管理訂單管理是從公司收到訂單的時(shí)間到倉(cāng)庫(kù)被通知裝運(yùn)貨物的期間發(fā)生的一系列活動(dòng)。Orderplanning-connectedtosalesforecasting銷售預(yù)測(cè)的訂單計(jì)劃Ordertransmittal訂單傳送Orderprocessing訂單處理Orderpickingandassembly訂單揀選和裝配訂貨交貨Orderdelivery6訂單周期Ordercycledefinedbytheseller:timefromwhenanorderisreceivedtowhenthegoodsarriveatthecustomer’sdock.Ordercycledefinedbythebuyer:timefromwhenanorderisplacedtowhenthegoodsarereceived.AlsocalledreplenishmentcycleGettingshorterMoreprecisedeliverytimesCustomercantrackordersQualityisimportantandisbenchmarked75.1.1訂單準(zhǔn)備（OrderPreparation）訂單準(zhǔn)備是指搜集所需產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的必要信息、正式提出購(gòu)買要求的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。85.1.2訂單傳輸傳送訂單信息是訂單處理過程中的第二道工序，涉及訂貨請(qǐng)求從發(fā)出地點(diǎn)到訂單錄入地點(diǎn)的傳輸過程。人工方式和電子方式MethodsofordertransmittalPhoneFAXMailScanningbarcodes-electronicsubmissionPOSregistersInternetOrdertransmittal95.1.3訂單錄入訂單錄入是指在訂單實(shí)際履行前所進(jìn)行的分項(xiàng)工作。包括：核對(duì)訂單信息的準(zhǔn)確性檢查庫(kù)存保留或取消訂單審核客戶信用必要時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)錄訂單信息開具賬單105.1.4訂單履行OrderFillingCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.Processingrulesaffectorderfillingspeed先收到先處理First-received,first-processed使處理時(shí)間最短Shortestprocessingtimefirst預(yù)先確定順序號(hào)Specifiedprioritynumber優(yōu)先處理訂貨量較小，相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的訂單Smaller,lesscomplicatedordersfirst優(yōu)先處理承諾交貨日期最早的訂單Earliestpromiseddeliverydate優(yōu)先處理距約定交貨日期最近的訂單Ordershavingtheleasttimebeforepromised deliverydate11OrderFilling(Cont’d)CR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.QuestionSupposethatanordercontainsfiveitems,eachhavingastockingprobabilityof93%.Whatistheprobabilitythattheorderwillbefilledcomplete?Answer12Orderfillratelowerthanitemfillrate135.1.5訂單狀況的報(bào)告1）在整個(gè)訂單周轉(zhuǎn)過程中跟蹤訂單2）與客戶交換訂單處理進(jìn)度、訂單貨物交付時(shí)間等方面的信息145.2訂單處理舉例5.2.1工業(yè)訂單處理5.2.2零售訂單處理5.2.3消費(fèi)者訂單處理系統(tǒng)（網(wǎng)上渠道的訂單計(jì)劃）15訂單處理過程包括OrderprocessingincludesCheckingforcompletenessandaccuracyAcustomercreditcheckOrderentryintothecomputersystemMarketingdepartmentcreditssalespersonAccountingdepartmentrecordstransactionInventorydepartmentlocatesnearestwarehousetocustomerandadvisesthemtopicktheorderTransportationdepartmentarrangesforshipment檢查訂單信息的完整性和準(zhǔn)確性客戶信用檢查計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的訂單錄入市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷部信貸員會(huì)計(jì)部記錄交易庫(kù)存部找到最近的倉(cāng)庫(kù)，并建議他們選擇訂單運(yùn)輸部安排裝運(yùn)16CommerceThroughtheInternetCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)——信息高速公路訂單確認(rèn)發(fā)送通知運(yùn)輸狀況物流服務(wù)提供商經(jīng)銷商訂單確認(rèn)運(yùn)達(dá)-通知運(yùn)輸狀況供應(yīng)商產(chǎn)品175.3影響訂單處理時(shí)間的因素FactorsAffectingOrderProcessingTimeCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.訂單處理的先后順序并行處理和順序處理訂單履行的精確度訂單批處理Orderbatching分批處理Lotsizing合并運(yùn)輸Shipmentconsolidation185.4物流信息系統(tǒng)TheLogisticsInformationSystemCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.內(nèi)部財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)營(yíng)銷物流生產(chǎn)采購(gòu)?fù)獠靠蛻艄?yīng)商承運(yùn)人供應(yīng)鏈伙伴訂單管理系統(tǒng)庫(kù)存可得率信用審核開具發(fā)票將產(chǎn)品分配給客戶訂單履行地倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)管理系統(tǒng)庫(kù)存管理水平揀貨線路指定揀貨員和工作量安排估計(jì)產(chǎn)品可得率運(yùn)輸管理系統(tǒng)拼貨車輛調(diào)度運(yùn)輸方式選擇處理投訴貨物跟蹤運(yùn)費(fèi)支付運(yùn)費(fèi)單審核19OrderManagementSystemModuleCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.ElementsStockavailabilityCreditcheckingInvoicingProductallocationtocustomersFulfillmentlocation20WarehouseManagementSystemModuleCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.ElementsReceivingPutawayInventorymanagementOrderprocessingandretrievingShipmentpreparation21TransportationManagementSystemModuleCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.ElementsModeselectionFreightconsolidationRoutingandschedulingshipmentsClaimsprocessingShipmenttrackingBillpaymentandauditing225.4.2內(nèi)部運(yùn)作1.輸入（數(shù)據(jù)來源：客戶、公司記錄、公開的數(shù)據(jù)、管理層）2.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理3.輸出23OperatingComponentsoftheLISCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作1.數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)存檔檢索文件保存2.數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換基本的數(shù)據(jù)處理運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)和數(shù)學(xué)方法分析數(shù)據(jù)輸出交換決策物流管理者（決策者）24OperatingComponentsoftheLISCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.25ExplodedViewoftheLISCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.26InformationSystemExamplesCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.AretailsystemVendormanagedinventoryE-commerceAdecisionsupportsystem27LISforaLargeRetailerItemsoldDepartmentmanagerreviewDeliveriesfromsupplierSupplier--CoffeemakersTransmissionRegionalcentermaincomputer?Corporatepayroll?Corporateaccounting?Corporatecredit?InventorymanagementPurchaseorderCorporatesalesreportSalescounterBarcodeitematstoreManualregisterinputBarcodescanningIn-storecomputer?Creditdata?Payroll?Accounting?MerchandisingCustomercreditverificationEDIItemsoldItemsoldDepartmentmanagerreviewDepartmentmanagerreviewDeliveriesfromsupplierDeliveriesfromsupplierSupplier--CoffeemakersTransmissionTransmissionRegionalcentermaincomputer?Corporatepayroll?Corporateaccounting?Corporatecredit?InventorymanagementPurchaseorderPurchaseorderCorporatesalesreportCorporatesalesreportSalescounterSalescounterBarcodeitematstoreBarcodeitematstoreManualregisterinputBarcodescanningIn-storecomputer?Creditdata?Payroll?Accounting?MerchandisingCustomercreditverificationEDIEDI28信息系統(tǒng)的重要性BenefitsofEffectiveandEfficientUseofInformationReplacementofinventorywithinformationReducedvariabilityinthesupplychainBettercoordinationofmanufacturing,marketing,anddistributionStreamlinedorderprocessingandreducedlead-times29信息的有效和高效利用可以給物流和供應(yīng)鏈帶來很多益處。供應(yīng)鏈上具備了更多知識(shí)和可視性，有可能用信息取代庫(kù)存通過銷售點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)，可以更多的了解顧客需求，這樣可以改善計(jì)劃并減少供應(yīng)鏈的可變性通過企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃工具來更好的協(xié)調(diào)制造、營(yíng)銷和配送活動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)的物流信息系統(tǒng)可以改進(jìn)訂單處理流程并縮短提前期30信息管理系統(tǒng)的一般類型GeneralTypesofInformationManagementSystems3132信息管理系統(tǒng)的一般類型GeneralTypesofInformationManagementSystems辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)OfficeautomationsystemProcesspersonalandorganizationalbusinessdataPerformcalculationsCreatedocuments33通信系統(tǒng)CommunicationsystemHelpstakeholdersworktogetherbyinteractingandsharinginformationExamplesofuseVirtualmeetingsVideoconferencingusingcellphonesVoice-basedorderpicking34交易處理系統(tǒng)TransactionProcessingSystem(TPS)CollectsandstoresinformationabouttransactionsEfficientprocessingoftransactionsReal-timeprocessingBatchprocessing35交易處理系統(tǒng)TransactionProcessingSystem(TPS)(continued)ElectronicdatainterchangeBenefitsDrawbacksGlobalusage36交易處理系統(tǒng)TransactionProcessingSystem(TPS)(continued)AutomaticidentificationtechnologiesTypes:OpticalcharacterrecognitionMachinevisionVoice-dataentryRadio-frequencyidentificationMagneticstripsBarcodescannersPoint-of-salesystems(POS)enhancedecisionmaking37管理信息系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行信息系統(tǒng)ManagementInformationSystem(MIS)andExecutiveInformationSystem(EIS)ConvertdataintoinformationLogisticsinformationsystem:thepeople,equipment,andprocedurestogather,sort,analyze,evaluate,anddistributeneeded,timely,andaccurateinformationtologisticsdecisionmakers.38物流信息系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能

StructureandFunctionofaLogisticsInformationSystem39決策支持系統(tǒng)DecisionSupportSystems(DSS)provideinformation,models,oranalysistoolsSimulationArtificialIntelligence(AI)ApplicationspecificsoftwareDatamining40企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃Enterpriseresourceplanning(ERP)Allcompanyfunctionalareasuseacommondatabaseto:StandardizemanufacturingprocessesIntegratefinancialdataStandardizehumanresourcedataShortcomingsCostsofinstallationTime-consuminginstallationprocess41電子商務(wù)與物流ElectronicCommerceandLogisticsInternetimpactsinclude:LogisticsfunctionsTransportationOrdermanagementChanneldesign42電子商務(wù)與物流ElectronicCommerceandLogisticsInternetimpacts(continued)Intermediaries4categoriesoflogisticsexchangesEnhancingprocurementservicesMatchingshippersandcarriersExecutingrelevanttransactionsTransactingwithpartnersApplicationserviceprovidersprovideaccessovertheInternettoapplicationsandrelatedservicesthatwouldotherwisehavetobelocatedinenterprisecomputers.43電子商務(wù)與物流ElectronicCommerceandLogisticsE-Fulfillmentisthecoordinatedinboundandoutboundlogisticsfunctionsthatfacilitatethemanagementanddeliveryofcustomerordersplacedonline.44電子商務(wù)與物流ElectronicCommerceandLogisticsE-fulfillmentManylogisticalfunctionsandactivitiesoccurMore,smaller