高考英語虛擬語氣講解與練習(xí)

...wd......wd......wd...龍文教育學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案教師:學(xué)生:日期:星期:時(shí)段:課題虛擬語氣學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)熟練掌握各種從句中的虛擬語氣學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)各種時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬情況學(xué)習(xí)方法講解和練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與過程One''srealvaluefirstliesintowhatdegreeandwhatsensehesethimself.

一個(gè)人的真正價(jià)值首先決定于他在什么程度上和在什么意義上從自我解放出來。1.條件句中虛擬語氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或基本不可能存在的條件，主句會產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。時(shí)間從句謂語形式主句謂語形式

將來動詞過去式(be用were)should+動詞原形wereto+動詞原形

would/should/might/could+動詞原形現(xiàn)在動詞過去式(be用were)would/should/might/could+動詞原形過去had+動詞過去分詞would/should/might/couldhave+動詞過去分詞2.條件中的虛擬語氣的舉例(1)將來時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：IfheshouldgotoQingHuaIfheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.如果他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。(2)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.要是他有空的話，它會幫助我們的。Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會對你很熟悉。(3)過去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.我如果看過這場電影，我會把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。IfIhadgotthereearlier,IwouldhavemetMr.Li.如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會會到了李先生。3.運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語氣時(shí)，須注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)當(dāng)從句的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞假設(shè)是系動詞be時(shí)，可用was代替were。但在倒裝虛擬構(gòu)造及ifIwereyou,asitwere中，只能用were。如：WereItenyearsyounger,Iwouldstudyabroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會去國外學(xué)習(xí)。IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次時(shí)機(jī)。(2)有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動作假設(shè)不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對待。①從句的動作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會使工程師了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。②從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與過去事實(shí)不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了(fromyygrammar)。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。③從句的動作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會長得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。(3)當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were,should,had等詞置于句首。如：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他容許去的話，我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了(fromyygrammar)。(4)有時(shí)，句子沒有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.我本該來看你了，然而我太忙了。Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(5)有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。①省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應(yīng)該會通過這次考試了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。

二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1.目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在forfearthat,incase,lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，假設(shè)用虛擬語氣時(shí)，從句謂語為：should+動詞原形。并且should不能省略Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。(2)在sothat,inorderthat所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can/may/could/might/will/would/should+動詞原形。如(fromyygrammar)：Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword.他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。2.讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在evenif,eventhough所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的構(gòu)造與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句構(gòu)造一樣。如：Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.即是他親自來也不知該若何辦。NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.及時(shí)華佗再世也就不了他。(2)在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,nomatterwh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣構(gòu)造為：①may+動詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhat/whatevermayhappen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。Wewillfindhimwherever/nomatterwherehemaybe.無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemaycome.不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。②may+完成式(指過去)，主句構(gòu)造不限。如：Youmustn’tbeproudwhatever/nomatterwhatgreatprogressyoumayhavemade.不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲(fromyygrammar)。Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhat/whatevermistakeshemayhavemade.不管他翻過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3)在though,although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣構(gòu)造為should+動詞原形，主句構(gòu)造不限。如：Although/Thoughheshouldoftenbelate,heisagoodstudent.盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Although/Thoughheshouldbesecretary,hemustobeytherules.盡管他是書記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3.方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣構(gòu)造發(fā)生在主句動作之前had+過去分詞與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be用were)發(fā)生在主句動作之后would/could/might/should+原形動詞例如：Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong.他們開場熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃盟扑麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識很久了。Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome.他咳嗽兩聲就好似有人要來了。4.原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleased,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：①should+原形動詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：Hewasangrythatyoushouldcallhimbyname.他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。Iwasastonishedthatheshouldnotanswersuchaneasyquestion.我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡單的問題。②should+完成式,指過去。如：I’mverysorrythatyoushouldhavefailedtheexam.我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。IwasverysurprisedthatFathershouldhaveknownwhatIdidyesterday.我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨天所作的事情(fromyygrammar)。三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1．英語中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(堅(jiān)決要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建議)表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，起虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：(should)+原形動詞。如：但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說；suggest的意思為：說明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tominsistedthathehadn’tstolenthewatch.湯姆堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那塊手表。Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededinthisexam.他的微笑說明他在考試中成功了。2.believe,expect,suspect,think,imagine等動詞的否認(rèn)句或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：should+原形動詞。如：Canyoubelievethatheshouldkillatiger?你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎Canyouimaginethatheshouldtakethefirstplaceinthelongjumpcontest?你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名3.英語中，wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或基本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為(fromyygrammar)：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣構(gòu)造發(fā)生在主句動作之前(1)had+過去分詞；(2)would/could/might/should+have+過去分詞與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be用were)發(fā)生在主句動作之后would/could/might/should+原形動詞例如：IwishIlearntEnglishwell.我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek.我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。Hewisheswecouldgoandplaygameswithhim.他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4.英語中，wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣構(gòu)造過去had+過去分詞；現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)(be用were)將來過去時(shí)(be用were)例如：I’dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。I’dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。We’dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那兒。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，表示：“早該做某事了〞時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：Itis(high/about)timethat+主語+動詞的過去式/should+動詞原形。如：ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早該上班了。七.簡單句中的虛擬語氣1.表示“祝愿〞時(shí)，常用“may+主語+動詞原形+其他〞。如：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路順風(fēng)。Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永駐。2.表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望〞、“祝愿〞時(shí)，常用動詞原形。如：LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina.中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。Godblessus.上帝保佑。(5)表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)造為：“情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞〞。Youshouldhavegothereearlier.你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。Youshouldhavereturnedittohim.你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.couldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

2.Ifshehadworkedharder,she____.

A.wouldsucceed

B.hadsucceeded

C.shouldsucceed

D.wouldhavesucceeded

3.—Ifhe____,he____thatfood.

—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake

B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken

C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken

D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken

4.Ifhe____mehistelephonenumberyesterday,I____abletoringhimupnow.

A.told;wouldbe

B.hadtold;wouldbe

C.hadtold;wouldhavebeen

D.told;am

5.IfI____you,I____toAustraliawithMr.Smith.A.hadbeen;wouldgo

B.were;hadgone

C.were;wouldhavegone

D.am;willgo

6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifferenttoday.

A.is

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

7.Ourmonitorwasabsent.OtherwiseI____thechair.A.wouldnottake

B.didn'ttake

C.hadn'ttaken

D.wouldn'thavetaken

8.—Theexperimenthasfailed!

—Isuggestthatyou____again.

A.try

B.trying

C.willtry

D.wouldtry

9.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe____toyourplan.A.didn'tagree

B.hadn'tagreed

C.wouldn'tagree

D.notagree10.Thefatherinsistedhisdaughter____arichman.

A.wouldbeengagedto

B.beengagedto

C.shouldengageto

D.mustbeengagedto11.Sheinsistedthatshe____illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn'tbelieve.

A.hadn'tspoken

B.shouldn'tspeak

C.wouldn'tspeak

D.notspeak12.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

—Oh,didyou?You____withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed13.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You____homewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleave

B.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleft

D.needn'tleave14.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn'thavehurried

B.needn'thavehurried

C.mustnothurry

D.couldn'thavehurried15.IwishI____youyesterday.

A.seen

B.didsee

C.hadseen

D.weretosee16.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen;wouldprevent

C.were;wouldprevent

D.were;wouldhaveprevented17.He____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgive

C.mayhavegiven

D.maygive18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbed

B.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbed

D.hadnotbeen;couldclimb

19.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI____forher.A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout20.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome21.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbrokenC.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken22.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn'tget

B.drove;wouldn'tgetC.weredriving;wouldn'tget

D.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot23.Shecouldn'thaveansweredthequestionifshe_____afewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn'tread

B.hasn'tread

C.wouldn'tread

D.didn'tread24.Ifit____sohard,we'dgototown.A.isn'training

B.weren'training

C.doesn'train

D.hasrained25.Ourformermathteacherdiedofcancerlastterm,otherwisehe____.

A.willstillwork

B.shouldstillworkC.wouldstillhaveworked

D.wouldstillbeworking26.Thesoldierdiedinthehospital.He____ifthedoctor____onhimtwohoursearlier.A.mightbesaved;operated

B.couldbesaved;hadoperatedC.couldhavebeensaved;hadoperated

D.hadbeensaved;wasoperated27.It'stimethatyou____homeandI'dratheryou____againtomorrow.

A.aregoing;willcome

B.go;arecoming

C.went;came

D.wouldgo;wouldcome28.I____youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.

A.wouldbuy

B.hadbought

C.wouldhavebought

D.musthavebought29.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI____nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.

A.didn'tknow

B.wouldknow

C.knew

D.wouldhaveknown30.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent____enoughfoodforthepublic.

A.bring

B.brought

C.wouldbring

D.hadbrought

31.Hedidn'tcomeyesterday,oryou____him.

A.wouldsee

B.weretosee

C.mighthaveseen

D.hadseen32.Itwassuggestedyesterdaythatameeting____todiscussthematter.

A.willbeheld

B.wouldbeheld

C.shouldhold

D.beheld33.It'sstrangethathe____withoutsayinggood-byetous.

A.shouldhavegoneout

B.went

C.shouldgoout

D.goesout34.Nothingcouldhavesavedhimevenifhe____withoutdelay.

A.wouldbetended

B.wastended

C.hasbeentended

D.hadbentended35.Themanagerwasangryandorderedthatthiswork____tomorrow.

A.befinished

B.finish

C.wasfinished

D.wouldfinish36.HeistalkingsomuchaboutBritainasifhe____there.

A.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hadgone37.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe____nothingwrongand____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.do;beset

D.haddone;mustbeset38.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting____offtillnextweek.

A.toput

B.beput

C.shouldput

D.wouldbeput39.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow.A.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen40.ItisrequestedthatLiMing____attheclassmeetingonbehalfofus.

A.willspeak

B.speaks

C.wouldspeak

D.speak41.—Ididn'tcatchthefirsttrainthismorning.

—You____thefirsttrainifyou____earlier.

A.wouldcatch;hadgotup

B.couldcatch;shouldgetup

C.wouldhavecaught;hadgotup

D.wouldcatch;gotup42.You____earlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldc