【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專題九-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣-

專題九情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.(2022·江蘇卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could2.(2022·北京卷)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should3.(2022·湖南卷)—I'vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwe________bringanythingwithus?A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shan'tD.needn't4.(2022·江西卷)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest________becometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.needD.might5.(2022·北京卷)We________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe6.(2022·福建卷)________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen7.(2022·天津卷)________themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.ShouldbecatchC.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught8.(2022·浙江卷)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey________toourhelp.A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcome9.(2022·大綱卷)Althoughyou________findbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can10.(2022·湖南卷)IfMr.Dewey________present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.wereB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.was1.【答案】C【解析】句意：讓我難過(guò)的是，他們自己那么窮，竟然還要給我?guī)С缘?。should此處意為“竟然”，表驚異。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：我可以和你談?wù)剢?？不?huì)花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。表示詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否允許，can與shall均可用于第一人稱，但can側(cè)重滿足自身需求。依據(jù)句意可知，本題使用CanI．..？更合適。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我已經(jīng)為野餐預(yù)備了各種食物。——你的意思是我們不必帶任何東西了？本題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定意義辨析。can't(不行能；不能)；mustn't(禁止，千萬(wàn)不能)；needn't(不必；不需要)；shan't(不應(yīng)當(dāng))，常用口語(yǔ)形式。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：生活是無(wú)法猜測(cè)的，甚至最貧困的人或許會(huì)成為最富有的人。shall(將要)；must(必需，肯定)；need(需要)；might(或許)。依據(jù)前句“Lifeisunpredictable”，說(shuō)明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：假如你沒(méi)有把地圖丟了，我們現(xiàn)在就會(huì)回到賓館里了。本題考查的是if條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，條件句中使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或were，主句使用woulddo形式。依據(jù)從句的did可知本句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故D項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：假如沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代的電信業(yè)，要想得到世界各地的消息，我們就不得不等幾個(gè)星期。本題題是一個(gè)if條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，if從句中使用過(guò)去時(shí)或were，主句使用woulddo形式；另外，在if從句中如含有were,had或should時(shí)，可在if被省略的同時(shí)，were，had或should放在從句句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：假如他趕上了早班火車，他就不會(huì)開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。本題考查的是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，條件句中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”；當(dāng)條件句中的if省略的時(shí)候，要把had提前形成部分倒裝，故D項(xiàng)正確。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：在我們進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的這幾個(gè)月里，他們?cè)趪?guó)外，要不然，他們就會(huì)來(lái)掛念我們的。本句考查的是一個(gè)含蓄的虛擬條件句，句中的or相當(dāng)于iftheyhadnotgoneabroad，由于前面句中使用的是were，說(shuō)明這個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以主句中使用的是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”的形式，故A項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：盡管你有時(shí)可能會(huì)在倫敦找到廉價(jià)貨，但總的說(shuō)來(lái)那不是一個(gè)購(gòu)物廉價(jià)的地方。should(應(yīng)當(dāng)；竟然)；need(需要)；must(必需，肯定；非得，偏偏)；can(能夠，可能，有時(shí)會(huì))。依據(jù)句意可知用can，表示“有時(shí)可能，有時(shí)會(huì)”。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：假如Mr.Dewey在場(chǎng)，他就會(huì)向那里的人供應(yīng)任何可能的掛念。本題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的狀況。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，條件狀語(yǔ)從句要使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句要使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”。依據(jù)本句后面主句中的“wouldhaveoffered”說(shuō)明是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故從句中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。高考中，試題對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考核經(jīng)常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的微小差別來(lái)考查同學(xué)對(duì)該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的理解與把握。因此，在平常學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)精確?????理解和把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法格外重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在高考中的熱點(diǎn)依次為：對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，尤其是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”的考查頻率較高；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推想和可能性；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示懇求、允許和承諾；以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備一：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式例句can力量(體力、智力、技能)允許或許可(口語(yǔ)中常用)可能性(表猜想，用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中)確定句中表理論上的可能性，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”Howcanitbethat從句？怎么會(huì)……？can'tbutdosth.＝can'thelpbutdosth.＝havetodosth.不得不做某事can't/cannever...enough再……也不為過(guò)can'thelpdoingsth./beingdone忍不住做cannot/cannot/can'tdoAblindmancan'tjudgecolors.—Couldyougivemeahandwiththebag？—Sure.Howcanitbethatheislateforsuchanimportantmeeting？Itcanbewarmhereinwinter.Ican'tbutcomplainabouttheservice.Youcan'tbecarefulenough.Wecouldn'thelplaughingatthejokes.couldcouldn'tdo不行能；不能；不行以may可以(問(wèn)句中表示懇求)可能，或許(表推想)祝愿(用于倒裝句中)may/mightaswelldo不妨做maywell(not)do很可能(不)做maynotdo—May/MightIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youmay/can.(No,youmustn't/can't./I'mafraidnot.)Wemayaswellstayindoorstoday.Hemaywellrefusetotalktoyou.mightmightnotdo可能不會(huì)做must必需，應(yīng)當(dāng)(表主觀要求)確定，想必(確定句中表推想)與if，how，why連用，表“非得要”mustnot/mustn'tdo禁止，不允許做—MustIhandinthepaper？—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto./You'dbetternot.)Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.haveto只好，不得不(客觀的必需，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化)don'thavetodo沒(méi)必要做Wedon'thavetogohomenow—it'sstillearly.oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should)理該、按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)(表猜想)oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodo不應(yīng)當(dāng)做—Oughtwetoobservetherule？—Yes,weought.(No,weoughtn't.)shall將要，會(huì)(表時(shí)態(tài)意義，用于第一人稱)用于一三人稱表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)(用于疑問(wèn)句)用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威逼、決心、條約規(guī)定等(用于陳述句)shallnot/shan'tdo不會(huì)/不允許/不行以做Shalltheapplicantwaitoutside？Youshallleavetheroomatonceandsheshalltoo.YoushallhavethebookafterIreadit.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)；理該會(huì)本該(含有責(zé)怪意味)；萬(wàn)一；竟然Why/Howshould...？表說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不理解，感到意外或驚異shouldnot/shouldn'tdo不應(yīng)當(dāng)做Youshouldcallhimandapologize.Suchagentlemanshouldbesorudetothelady.Whyshouldhebesolatetoday？will意愿，決心；習(xí)慣；客觀趨勢(shì)，臨時(shí)起意懇求，建議，用在問(wèn)句中would比較委婉sth.won't/wouldn'tdo怎么也不……willnot/won'tdo—Will/Woulddomeafavor？—Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon't.)wouldwouldnot/wouldn'tdo不愿做；怎么也不做Shewilltakeawalkaftersupper.Thedoorwon'topen.dare敢(常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)darednotdosth.＝didn'tdare(to)dosth.darenot/daren'tdo不敢做Darehegooutaloneatnight？—Yes,hedare.(No,hedaren't.)need需要必需(常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)neednot/needn'tdo沒(méi)必要做NeedItellhimthenews？—Yes,youmust./I'mafraidyouhaveto.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.)usedto過(guò)去經(jīng)常(現(xiàn)在已不再)Thereusedtobe＋n.usednot/usedn't/didn'tusetodo過(guò)去不常做Usedhetosmoke？Yes,heused.(No,heuse(d)n't.)＝—Didheusetosmoke？—Yes,hedid.(No,hedidn't.)要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,may,might,could,can表示推想1must＋be是推想現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)must＋bedoing推想可能正在進(jìn)行的事情must＋havedone是推想可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。may,might,can用法相同must意為“確定，肯定”，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于確定句中。留意其反義疑問(wèn)：HemustbeamanfromAmerica,isn'the？Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend,isn'the？Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere,hasn't/didn'the？Youmothermusthavebeentoldaboutthetruthjustnow,wasn'tshe？2may和might意為“或許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒(méi)有把握，可用于確定句和否定句Hemaynotbeathome.Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.3can和could意為“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于確定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句中Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.—Canhebeintheofficenow？—No,hecan'tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone用法例句表推想時(shí)(陳述)：may/mighthavedonesth.(語(yǔ)氣不愿定)過(guò)去可能做了某事can't/couldn'thavedonesth.(語(yǔ)氣確定)過(guò)去不行能做了某事musthavedonesth.(語(yǔ)氣確定)過(guò)去肯定做了某事shouldhavedonesth.應(yīng)當(dāng)已做完某事；竟然做了某事(表驚異)oughttohavedonesth.應(yīng)當(dāng)已做完某事Ididn'tseeMaryatthemeetingyesterday.—Shemighthavebeenill,Iguess.Thestreetsarealldry.Itcouldn'thaverainedduringthenight.Thestreetsareallwet;itmusthaverainedduringthenight.Ihardlyimaginesuchagentlemanshouldhavebeensorudetotheoldlady.TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.表責(zé)怪時(shí)(虛擬)：mighthavedonesth.過(guò)去本可能做而未做couldhavedonesth.過(guò)去本能做而未做shouldhavedonesth.過(guò)去本該做而未做oughttohavedonesth.過(guò)去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做而未做區(qū)分：needn'thavedonesth.過(guò)去本不必做卻做了didn'tneedtodosth.＝Itwasn'tnecessarytodosth.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,evenifhewasverybusy.—Didyoulistentothespeech？—No,wecouldhaveattendedit.Butwehadalotoftrafficonourway.Yourbrother'sfailedinEnglishagain.Yououghtto/shouldhavegivenhimmorehelp.—Mr.Smithdidn'tcomelastnight,didhe？—No.Weneedn'thavewaitedforhim.Awholenightwaswasted.—Sorry,sir.Ididn'tattendyesterday'smeeting.—Youdidn'tneedtocome.Actually,themeetingwascancelled.表意愿時(shí)(虛擬)：wouldhavedonesth.想做而未做，本可以做而未做某事wouldliketohavedonesth.想做而未做某事wouldratherhavedonesth.寧愿做某事而未做某事Iwouldliketohavegonetoyourhelp,butIwastoobusy.Thefilmwasabore.Iwouldratherhavestayedathome.表未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望，打算、意圖、諾言等：hadhoped/planned/...＋todo＝hoped/planned/...＋tohavedone＝should/wouldliketohavedone＝would(rather)havedone＝was/weretohavedonewasgoingto...本打算……Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenthefamousstar.Iwastohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Ihadwantedtocomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwantedtohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwouldliketohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwouldhavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備四：虛擬語(yǔ)氣類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：過(guò)去式(be用were)主句謂語(yǔ)：should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：had＋過(guò)去分詞主句謂語(yǔ)：should/would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：過(guò)去式/should＋動(dòng)詞原形/were＋不定式主句謂語(yǔ)：should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.if條件句的倒裝省略如從句中含有had,were,should時(shí)，可把該詞移至從句句首，同時(shí)省略ifIfIwereyou＝WereIyou,Iwouldtakethejob.錯(cuò)綜虛擬如主從句中使用不同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主從句的虛擬則要依據(jù)各自時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)IfIhadstudiedmedicineincollege,Icouldhelpyounow.(should)＋dosth.類賓語(yǔ)從句advise，suggest,recommend,ask,demand,require,request,order,command,decide,insist,urge后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略區(qū)分：Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.Heinsistedhehaddonenothingwrongandthathe(should)besetfreeatonce.主語(yǔ)從句Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/amazing＋that從句Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requested/arranged/decided＋that從句Itisapity/ashame/nowonder＋that從句(that從句中謂語(yǔ)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.It'sapitythatwemissedsuchagoldenchance.It'sdemandedthathe(should)goatonce.表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)是idea,suggestion,order,request,decision,urge等，其后的表語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略Mysuggestionisthatheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.Theirdecisionisthattheybuyit.同位語(yǔ)從句以u(píng)rge,idea,suggestion,order,request,decision等為先行詞的同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)為should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略Imadeasuggestionthatheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.ThesuggestionImadeatthemeetingwasturneddown.wish類wish從句＝Ifonly從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬)過(guò)去完成時(shí)/couldhavedone(對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬)could/might/would＋dosth.(對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬)IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.Iwishhehadvisitedusthen.＝Ifonlyhehadvisitedusthen.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have(been)done”表對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬詳見(jiàn)要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)＋would/could/might/...havedone,but＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，otherwise＋主語(yǔ)＋would/could/might/...havedonebutforsth.＝butthat＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)＝without＋n.＝ifithadnotbeenfor...,主語(yǔ)＋would/could/might/...havedone主語(yǔ)＋hadwanted/meant/intended/hoped/...,but＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)Iwouldhavegonetohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.＝Iwastoobusy,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelpyou.Butfortherain,Iwouldhavegonetothecinema.狀語(yǔ)從句asif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用“can/could/may/might/would/...＋動(dòng)詞原形”Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.其他句型中Itis(high/about)time＋that從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”It'shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式分別表對(duì)現(xiàn)在將來(lái)或?qū)^(guò)去的虛擬Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.表祝愿Longlive＋主語(yǔ)！May＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形！LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina！Mayyoubehappy！重點(diǎn)突破近兩年考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的頻率基本穩(wěn)定，但試題中的有效信息越來(lái)越隱蔽，情景越來(lái)越生動(dòng)真實(shí)，考查的角度越來(lái)越微小。除了從整體上把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征和語(yǔ)義特征外，能夠精確?????理解不憐憫態(tài)動(dòng)詞的微小差異，認(rèn)真區(qū)分具有相同功能的、意思相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法并在真實(shí)的交際情景中印證和領(lǐng)悟情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法和特征顯得尤為重要。1.You________worryaboutmystudies—Iknowquiteclearlywhattodoatschool.A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.can't2.Itisrequiredbylawthatenoughevidence________toproveoneisinnocentofacrime.A.isprovidedB.hasbeenprovidedC.beprovidedD.havebeenprovided3.Beingconstantlyexposedtoadvertisementsisannoying,butit________bepleasantsometimes.A.shallB.needC.canD.must4.I'dliketoaskaquestionifI________．A.mustB.needC.willD.may5.—Wherehaveyoubeen?—I________intheheavytraffic.OtherwiseI________hereearlier.A.havegotstuck;wouldhavecomeB.gotstuck;wasC.gotstuck;wouldhavecomeD.hadtostick;wouldcome6.—It'ssocoldhere!Whynotclosethedoor?—Sorry.It________.I'llhaveitrepairedassoonaspossible.A.won'tshutB.won'tbeshutC.doesn'tshutD.isn'tshut7.Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“IfonlyI________what'sgoingoninmylittleboy'sheadrightnow.”A.hadknownB.knowC.knewD.haveknown8.—Where________Maryhaveputtheemptybottles?—She________themaway.Theymustbesomewhere.A.can;can'thavethrownB.must;needn'tC.must;musthavethrownD.can;mustn'thavethrown9.—IwonderifSuewillbeherebyfive.—Don'tworry!Shejustwenttocollectherkids.She________bebackbythen.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.might10.You________usemybikeonconditionthatyougiveitbacktomebeforeIleavehere.A.shouldB.mustC.oughttoD.shall11.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will12.Ireallydon'tknowhowtothankyou,butforyourhelp,I________mylostnecklace.A.couldn'thavefoundB.shouldn'thavefoundC.wouldn'thavefoundD.needn'thavefound13.—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?—Sorry,butIdowishI________．A.hadB.canC.willD.could14.________he________methenewsyesterday,Iwouldbeatthepartynow.A.Should;tellB.Did;tellC.Had;toldD.Were;totell15.Itistimethatparents________moreabouttheirchildren'smentalhealth.A.cancareB.careC.mustcare