【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專題七-動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)-

專題七動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1.(2022·安徽卷)Thetwins,who________theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.A.willfinishB.finishC.havefinishedD.hadfinished2.(2022·江蘇卷)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A.coverB.willcoverC.havecoveredD.covered3.(2022·北京卷)—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I________inanapplicationformforanewjob.A.fillB.havefilledC.amfillingD.willfill4.(2022·北京卷)—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I________itforyou.A.checkB.checkedC.willcheckD.wouldcheck5.(2022·北京卷)Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit________whenIarrived.A.startedB.wasstartingC.wouldstartD.hadstarted6.(2022·江西卷)—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I________uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.A.cutB.wascuttingC.hadcutD.havebeencutting7.(2022·天津卷)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________．A.arebeingmadeB.willbemadeC.havebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade8.(2022·浙江卷)Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshe________mostoftheguestsbefore.A.hasseenB.hadseenC.sawD.wouldsee9.(2022·大綱卷)Unlessextramoney________，thetheatrewillclose.A.wasfoundB.findsC.isfoundD.found10.(2022·大綱卷)Thereportswentmissingin2022andnobody________themsince.A.seesB.sawC.hasseenD.hadseen1.【答案】D【解析】句意：已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)的雙胞胎，被允許在操場上打羽毛球。依據(jù)句意可知“完成作業(yè)”在先，“被允許打羽毛球”在后。而“被允許”已經(jīng)使用了一般過去時(shí)，所以“完成作業(yè)”應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，表“過去的過去”。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：——你對即將在南京進(jìn)行的青奧會了解多少？——格外了解，媒體已經(jīng)以多種形式對青奧會進(jìn)行了報(bào)道。由“Well”可知，本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去所發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。3.【答案】C【解析】句意：——喂，我們一塊滑冰去吧！——對不起，我現(xiàn)在很忙，我正在填寫一份新的工作申請表。依據(jù)句意可知，本句是在敘述說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的事情，所以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.【答案】C【解析】句意：——幾點(diǎn)了？——我不知道。不過稍等，我?guī)湍憧匆幌?。依?jù)句意可知“我”去看時(shí)間屬于將要發(fā)生的事情，所以用will表臨時(shí)打算要做某事。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：我發(fā)覺這個(gè)講座很難懂，由于我到的時(shí)候，講座已經(jīng)開頭了。依據(jù)句意可知這個(gè)報(bào)告是在“我”到達(dá)之前就開頭了，而句中“我”到達(dá)使用了arrived，所以start應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。6.【答案】D【解析】句意：——Tony，為什么你的眼睛那么紅??？——在過去的的五分鐘里，我始終都在切辣椒。依據(jù)句意可知，本句表示動作從過去始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，說話時(shí)可能剛結(jié)束，所以使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：直到全部的預(yù)備工作都做好了我們才會開頭這項(xiàng)工作。本句考查的是won't...unitl...句型。主句中用將來時(shí)，依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)章“主將從現(xiàn)(完)”原則選擇C項(xiàng)，表從句動作將先于主句動作完成。8.【答案】B【解析】句意：Sofia環(huán)顧四周全部的臉龐，她有印象她之前見過大部分的客人。依據(jù)句意可知她見過這么多的客人是在她擁有這個(gè)印象之前發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用過去完成時(shí)。9.【答案】C【解析】句意：除非找到另外的投資，否則這個(gè)戲劇院將被關(guān)閉。本句中unless引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，后面的主句使用將來時(shí)；依據(jù)句意可知money和find構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以要使用被動語態(tài)。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：這些報(bào)告在2022年就不見了，從那以后沒有人觀察過它們。本句的關(guān)鍵詞是since(自從那時(shí))。帶有since引導(dǎo)狀語的主句經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。從近三年來的高考來看，謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)命題角度主要有：直接給出時(shí)間狀語，同學(xué)可以依據(jù)其基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問直接作出相應(yīng)的解答；所給的時(shí)間狀語有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性和迷惑性，同學(xué)需通過分析語境作出正確選擇；句中沒有時(shí)間狀語，同學(xué)需通過相關(guān)動詞并結(jié)合語境分析才能作出正確推斷；時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中的“主將從現(xiàn)”轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)木洮F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考核。幾組時(shí)態(tài)的比較考核是熱點(diǎn)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；一般將來時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；以及將來時(shí)不同結(jié)構(gòu)的比較。要點(diǎn)儲備一：各熱點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)的基本概念與高頻考點(diǎn)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示客觀事實(shí)或一般真理或格言(不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制)Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.2表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用，如always,seldom，often,frequently,everydayIcefeelscold.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.Heoftenstaysuptillmidnighttocatchupwithothers.3表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong,seemIknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.4在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn))。但要留意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall(第一人稱)或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon'tgothere.Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.5少數(shù)起止的動詞，如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、方案或支配要發(fā)生的動作，如課程表、航班表、火車列次表或演出表等，并常與肯定的時(shí)間狀語連用。另外，當(dāng)be表示依據(jù)時(shí)間或事先支配，確定會消滅的狀態(tài)，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Theshopclosesat11p．m.everyday.Myplanetakesoffat10a．m.Thefilmstartsatseveno'clockthisTomorrowisWednesday.6方位副詞或介詞短語放在句首，主語是名詞時(shí)，句子全部倒裝，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動作Look!Therecomesthebus.＝Look！Thebusiscoming.Infrontofthehousesitsalittleboy.2.一般過去時(shí)1用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作Theyneverdrankwine.2表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(justnow,lastyear,inthepast,last,after＋一段時(shí)間，since的從句中，theotherday)，或有上下文語境示意Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.3表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately/instantly/directly,themoment/minute/second/instantThemomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.HegotdowntoworkimmediatelyhearrivedinShanghai.4“剛才”“在過去”，示意“現(xiàn)在已不再這樣”，或表示原來沒有想到、預(yù)料到的事，常用一般過去時(shí)Whydidn'tyou/Ithinkofthat？Ididn'tnoticeit.Ididn'tcatchit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.5表示現(xiàn)在，用于使說話者的口氣委婉，有時(shí)帶有“摸干脆”的口氣Iwondered/waswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.Ithoughtyoumightlikethesebooks.6It's(high/about)time(that)＋主語＋一般過去時(shí)Itistimethatwegotup.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1除可以和for、since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/for/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks),inrecentyears/recently/lately,bynow,bythistime,uptonow＝tillnow＝sofar,severaltimes,yet,already,just等2下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Itis(hasbeen)＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethat＋主語＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/That/Itistheonly...＋that＋主語＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/that/Itisthemostinteresting...＋that＋主語＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Thisistheonlymistakethathehasevermade.Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavevisitedourschool.3在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作完成后才發(fā)生主句動作IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.4短暫動詞，即瞬間動詞，如join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其確定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但否定式則可以留意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)分：相同點(diǎn)：都發(fā)生在過去并已結(jié)束不同點(diǎn)：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld－famouswriter.(已經(jīng)看過，且了解這本書的內(nèi)容)2.一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“過”“了”等詞。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只說明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住)IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.(只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表動作從過去始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)剛結(jié)束或該動作還將進(jìn)行1未完成性和臨時(shí)性區(qū)分：Theyhavebuiltafactory.Theyhavebeenbuildingafactory.2含有肯定的感情顏色，有時(shí)表示依據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)得出的結(jié)論Youlookverytired.—Ihavebeenplayingfootballthewholeafternoon.3有少數(shù)動詞，如work,study,live,teach,stay等，在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性)Ihavelived/havebeenlivingheresince1980.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)分：兩者都可以表示“從過去開頭始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如著重表示動作始終在進(jìn)行，即動作的連續(xù)性時(shí)，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Ihavereadthatbook.我讀過那本書了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上始終在讀那本書。5.過去完成時(shí)：表過去的兩個(gè)動作，假如一個(gè)動作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動作之前，那么發(fā)生在前的就用過去完成時(shí)，即“過去的過去”，常用于復(fù)合句中，或某些含有虛擬語氣的句子中1在by,bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語，或從句中動詞以前發(fā)生的動作。留意下列句型的比較：Bythetime主語＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語＋willhave(been)done...Bythetime主語＋一般過去時(shí)，主語＋had(been)done...Itwillbe＋一段時(shí)間＋before＋主語＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Itwas＋一段時(shí)間＋before＋主語＋一般過去時(shí)主語＋had(been)done/did＋before主語＋hadtimetodosth./coulddosth.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20，000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.He(had)rushedoutoftheroombeforeshecouldsayaword.Bythetimehecomesback,I'llhavefinishedmyhomework.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.Itwillbe3yearsbeforehecomesbackfromabroad.Itwas3yearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Shesaidshehadmadegreatprogresssincesheenteredtheuniversity.2表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/wanted/expected后接不定式的一般式或從句或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式完成式表示Ihadmeanttoseemyuncle,but＋主語＋過去(進(jìn)行)時(shí)＝Imeanttohaveseenmyuncle,but＋主語＋過去(進(jìn)行)時(shí)＝Iwouldliketohaveseenmyuncle,but＋主語＋過去(進(jìn)行)時(shí)＝Iwouldhaveseenmyuncle,but＋主語＋過去(進(jìn)行)時(shí)＝Iwastohaveseenmyuncle,but＋主語＋過去(進(jìn)行)時(shí)(續(xù)表)3“時(shí)間名詞＋before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞＋ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.4表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：Hardly/Scarcely＋had＋主語＋過去分詞＋when/before＋主語＋一般過去時(shí)＝Nosooner＋had＋主語＋過去分詞＋than＋主語＋一般過去時(shí)Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.＝Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.＝Hardly/Scarcelyhadwebeenseatedwhen/beforethebusstarted.＝Wehadhardly/scarcelybeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.5在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.We(had)arrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.留意：過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)區(qū)分：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如消滅同一主語連續(xù)幾個(gè)動作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。如：Thelittlegirlcriedherheartoutbecauseshehadlosthertoybearandbelievedshewasn'tevergoingtofindit.6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不肯定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)；表近期特定的支配或方案；go,come,work,start,leave,stay等起止動作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.Heisgraduating.AtsixIambathingthebaby.2與always，often，constantly,continuously等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或某種感情顏色Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.3下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need;表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞：appear,exist,remain,seem,belongto,dependon;表示一時(shí)性動作的動詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete;表示感官的動詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。除有上下文示意外，一般與特定時(shí)間狀語連用Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.ThefirsttimeIsawhim,hewasstudyinginhisstudy.2某一動作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中Hebrokehislegswhilehewasplayingfootball.3表說話人過去對主語行為的贊美、厭惡等，與always,often,constantly,continuously等頻度副詞連用Hewasalwaysblowinghisowntrumpt.老王賣瓜，自賣自夸。Thenaughtyboywasalwaysmakingtrouble.4表示過去將來動作，常用在復(fù)合句中Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.留意：過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)分：Marywroteanovellastyear.(表完成)Marywaswritinganovellastyear.(表長久進(jìn)行，未完成)8.一般將來時(shí)構(gòu)成用法例句1will/shall＋動詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(近、遠(yuǎn)期)；表示一種客觀趨向或自然趨勢；表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的打算Mysisterwillbetennextyear.Thedoorbellisringing;Iwillanswerit.2begoingto＋動詞原形含有“打算，方案，即將”做某事(往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已作了某種預(yù)備)；表示有跡象表明很有可能要發(fā)生某事；可用于條件句It'sgoingtoclearup.We'regoingtohaveapartytonight.3be＋doinggo,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按方案即將發(fā)生的動作Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?4beaboutto＋動詞原形表示支配或方案中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto＋動詞原形表示按方案進(jìn)行或征求對方意見；表示囑咐、命令、禁止，可能性等；表示“注定會成為”；可用于條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中表示“想要”We'retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.Youaretocomebackbefore9p．m.Ifyouaretosucceed,youshoulddoubleyoureffortsinfuture.(續(xù)表)6一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)刻表、航班表、火車列次表上或日程支配上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(常與時(shí)間狀語連用)Themeetingstartsatfiveo'clock.Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.7祈使句＋and/or＋主語＋will...名詞短語＋and/or＋主語＋will...and/or前的祈使句或名詞短語相當(dāng)于條件句；名詞常與more,another等連用構(gòu)成名詞短語Hurryuporwe'llbelate.Anothermoveandyou'llfalloff.9.過去將來時(shí)：參照一般將來時(shí)，一般不獨(dú)立使用。常用在復(fù)合句中，表達(dá)過去看將來的動作或狀態(tài)1woulddoHesaidhewoulddropinonusbeforelong.2was/weregoingtodosth.Heaskedmeiftherewasgoingtobeaconcertthatnight.3was/weredoingHetoldmehewasleavingforShanghaithenextday.4was/weretodosth.Shesaidshewastoworkinthenewdepartment.5was/wereabouttodosth.Iwasabouttoopenthedoorwhenthetelephonerang.6was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.Shewasonthepointofcallingyouwhenyoucame.7was/weretodo(過去要做……)was/weretohavedone(過去打算做……，而事實(shí)上沒能做成)Hesaidhewastoholdaparty.Hewastohaveheldaparty,butitrainedheavily.8was/weregoingtodosth.過去打算做某事，而事實(shí)上沒能做成—Whydidn'tyoucometomyparty？—Iwasgoingto,butmywifewasill.要點(diǎn)儲備二：動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/areasked2一般過去時(shí)was/wereasked3一般將來時(shí)shall/willbeasked4過去將來時(shí)should/wouldbeasked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingasked6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingasked7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeenasked8過去完成時(shí)hadbeenasked9將來完成時(shí)will/wouldhavebeenasked10含有情態(tài)動詞的can/must/maybeasked注意事項(xiàng)有時(shí)我們用feel,get,become,go,stay,remain等來代替被動語態(tài)中的be，形式上接近系表結(jié)構(gòu)，但含有被動意思。如：Wefeltgreatlyencouragedbyhisspeech.聽了他的演講我們受到了極大的鼓舞。Hiscoatgotcaughtbetweenthedoors.他的外衣夾在兩扇門中。三種常見異形被動結(jié)構(gòu)：getchanged/dressed/seated/started/paid/burnt/hurt/injured/wounded/punished/trapped/stuck/married/runover/involved;gounpunished/unrecorded/bankrupt;remainunchanged/undone/unfinished/untouched漢語有一類句子不消滅主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：Itisbelievedthat...,Itisgenerallyconsideredthat...,Itissaidthat...,Itiswellknownthat...,Itmustbepointedoutthat...,Itissupposedthat...,Itisreportedthat...,Itmustbeadmittedthat...,Itishopedthat...上述句型還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋動詞不定式”。如：Theforestfireisreportedtohavebeenputout.據(jù)報(bào)道，森林火災(zāi)已被撲滅。Thesunwasbelievedtomovearoundtheearth.過去人們認(rèn)為太陽繞地球運(yùn)行。in/under/on/...＋n.也可表被動含義。如：undercontrol/treatment/discussion/construction/repair,beyondbelief/recognition/imagination/one'sreach/one'scontrol/ourhope,forsale/rent,inprint/sight/,onsale/show/display/exhibiton/trial,outofsight/control/one'sreach/fashion主動表被動系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,remain,keep,become,get,turn,fall,grow等＋adj./n.為主動表被動。如：Hisplanprovestobepractical.Silkfeelssmooth.表主語性質(zhì)特征的動詞：read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink與well,easily,smoothly,badly等修飾語連用。如：Thismaterialhaswornthin.Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.表開頭、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動的動詞：begin,start,finish,end,conclude,open,close,stop,shut,run,move等。如：Theshopopensat8a．m.andclosesat6p．m.every不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或及物動詞短語：resultin,arisefrom,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,belongto,takeplace,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等。如：Thekeyjustfitstheclock.非謂語動詞中的主動表被動need/want/require/deserve＋doing＝tobedoneThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.beworthdoingThepieceofmusicisworthlisteningtoasecondtime.sb.istoblame,sth.istolet(某物有待出租)某些“形容詞[nice，easy，(un)fit，hard，difficult，important，(im)possible，(un)pleasant，interesting,(un)comfortable]＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與句子主語有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式的主動形式：Thepictureispleasanttolookat.Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.makesth.＋adj.＋todoTheteachermadetheproblemeasiertounderstand.feel/consider/find/believesth.＋adj.＋todoThefarmerfindsthewaterintheriverunfittodrink.重點(diǎn)突破把握時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)固定結(jié)構(gòu)，研讀題干并參透語境示意，機(jī)敏應(yīng)用基本學(xué)問，關(guān)注時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，洞悉命題“陷阱”。如for,recently未必只跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”不肯定適用相同的時(shí)態(tài)，語境是關(guān)鍵。1.LittleJanewasverynervouswhenherturnwascomingnear.She________infrontofsomanypeoplebefore.A.hasn'tspokenB.hadn'tspokenC.wasn'tspeakingD.didn'tspeak2.Hurryup,orbythetimewe________atthecinema,thefilmwillhavebegun.A.hadarrivedB.willhavearrivedC.willarriveD.arrive3.Inordertogetgoodmarksinthecomingexam,myson________lateeverynightinthepastthreeweeks.A.studiesB.studiedC.hasbeenstudyingD.wasstudying4.Whenthesickmothergotup,shewassurprisedtofindthathersix－year－olddaughter________inthekitchen.A.hadcookedB.hascookedC.wascookingD.cooked5.—Why________soearly?Themoviedoesn'tstarttillseven.—Idon'twanttobeatthetrafficthere.It'sterribleduringtherushhour.A.haveyouleftB.doyouleaveC.wouldyouleaveD.areyouleaving6.MinisterBillDeBlasio________inofficefewerthan48hourswhenhecamefacetofacewithhisbiggestchallengeinhislife.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wouldbeD.is7.—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?—No,I________.Hopefully,Iwillgetonebytheendofthismonth.A.waitedB.hadbeenwaitingC.havewaitedD.amwaiting8.—Thatmusthavebeenaterribleexperience.—Yeah.I________inthedamagedcar,unabletomove.A.wasstuckB.havebeenstuckC.amstuckD.hadbeenstuck9.—Hi,Lily.Don'tforgettowatchI'maSingerat10：00thisFridaynight!—Whatapity！I________inaplanetoHainanforameetingthen.A.willsitB.willbesittingC.amsittingD.sit10.—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?—No,butwe________togetintouchwiththemeversince.A.havetriedB.hadtriedC.havebeentryingD.hadbeentrying11.—Where'sourphonebox?Ihaveseenitmanytimesthesedays,but...—OK,darling.I________itforyouifyouwantitatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.willgetD.amgoingtoget12.—YouseemtobefamiliarwithLondon.—I________thereforthreeyears.It'sgreattobeback.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.live13.CCTVSpringFestivalGalaispartofmoderncultureforChinesepeople.People________forawholeyear