2022海淀區(qū)高考英語完形填空和閱理暑假自練(3)及答案

閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(標識)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【參考答案】1-4DAAC【山東省菏澤市2022高考英語一模試題】完形填空。閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Xinxin,a12-year-oldstudentfromBeijing,enjoyedhiswintervacationwithhisfatherinSingapore.Duringtheirvisit,heevenhadthechanceto11someofSingapore'ssightsbyhimself12hisfatherwasbusywithotherthings.Xinxin’sfirstadventure13inSingaporewasatawaterparkneartheirhotel.Heenjoyedswimmingand14intothewaterbyhimself,andthenreturnedtothehotelbeforeatimeintheeveningthatwas15TheboyalsomadeatriptoUniversalStudiosSingapore16aguardian.Hehadalreadybeentotheparkwithhisfathertwotimesduringthetrip.Xinxinvolunteeredtomakehis17tripbyhimself.Hisfathergavehimsomepocketmoneytobuylunch,andthenXinxinrodetheshuttlefromtheirhoteltothestudios.Hespentawholedaythereandhada18InaninterviewwithBeijingEveningNews,Xinxin’sfathersaidthat19hewastoobusytospendallhistimewithhisson,hedecidedtogivehimtheopportunitytodevelopasenseof20.HadXinxin’smotherbeenthere,shewouldnothaveletXinxinoutofhersight,thefathercommented.11.A.study B.explore C.test D.measure12.A.while B.until C.before D.unless13.A.along B.alive C.alone D.lonely14.A.floating B.surfing C.driving D.diving15.A.made B.set C.decided D.asked16.A.under B.behind C.with D.without17.A.first B.second C.third D.fourth18.A.terrible B.miserable C.fantastic D.flexible19.A.though B.since C.if D.when20.A.independence B.daring C.pride D.diligence【參考答案】11—15BACDB16—20DCCBA第1模塊完形填空模塊導讀（3）探究點二對形容詞和副詞的考查形容詞、副詞是高考完形填空題重要的考查內容。形容詞可以修飾名詞；副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。廣東高考完形填空考查的副詞有相當一部分是方式副詞(表示行為動作發(fā)生方式的副詞)。重點把握以下兩類副詞：1．由形容詞加后綴ly構成的副詞，如slowly(漸漸地),politely(有禮貌地),proudly(傲慢地),carelessly(馬虎地),properly(適當?shù)?，完全?,successfully(成功地)，badly(嚴峻地，格外)等。2．由分詞加后綴ly構成的副詞，如surprisingly(使人驚異的是),hurriedly(匆忙地),undoubtedly(無疑，必定)等。做題時應當留意：1．形容詞、副詞的基本意義、引申意義例1Thathisonlysonwaskilledinacaraccidentwasa__________blowtotheoldman.A．heavyB．broadC．hugeD．main【解析】A老人唯一的兒子在車禍中喪生對他來說是沉重的打擊。這里的heavy意思是“猛烈的，沉重的”。例2Shehastheabilitytokeep________inanemergency.A．quietB．calmC．stillD．silent【解析】B我們不妨從這幾個表示“靜”的反義詞的角度來加以辨析。calm對應wild,指海上無浪，心情穩(wěn)定；still對應moving,指不動；silent對應wordy,指不出聲；quiet對應noisy,指安靜，無噪音。由句意可知應選B。例3Mr.Smithusedtosmoke________buthehasgivenitup.A．seriouslyB．heavilyC．badlyD．hardly【解析】BMr.Smith以前抽煙抽得很兇，但現(xiàn)在已經戒掉了。這里的heavily指的是量大，次數(shù)頻繁。例4Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas93∶94.Wewereonly________beaten.A．nearlyB．slightlyC．narrowlyD．lightly【解析】C副詞narrowly在此表示“牽強地”。句意：籃球賽的最終比分是93∶94。我們以微弱的劣勢輸?shù)袅烁傎?。?Itisalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,________ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A．extremelyB．naturallyC．basicallyD．especially【解析】D留意把握詞語的精確含義，結合語境進行分析。extremely極端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上；especially尤其，特殊地。例6Shedevotedherself________toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.A．stronglyB．extremelyC．entirelyD．freely【解析】Cstrongly猛烈地；extremely極端地，格外；entirely全部地，完全地；freely自由地。依據(jù)句意，C項最符合。2．同、近義形容詞、副詞的區(qū)分在對形容詞和副詞的考查中，有時會遇到同義、近義詞的辨析。辨析時，單從漢語意思上有時是無法辨清的。我們要逆向思維，接受反義對比、分析構詞等方法，使語義一目了然。例7WhenItookhistemperature,itwastwodegreesabove________.A．averageB．ordinaryC．regularD．normal例8Letterboxesaremuchmore________intheUKthanintheUS,wheremostpeoplehaveamailboxinstead.A．CommonB．NormalC．ordinaryD．usual例9It’sinthe________interestthatweshouldhaveawellrunhealthservice.A．ordinaryB．generalC．ParticularD．usual例10Now,inourcountry,freemedicaltreatmentcoverssicknessofmindaswellas________sickness.A．normalB．averageC．ordinaryD．regular【解析】7.D8.A9.B10.C這組題目主要涉及ordinary,usual,common和normal等詞語的辨析。要辨清這幾個中文意義格外相近的詞的用法，我們不妨來個逆向思維，從它們的反義詞上去查找一些“蛛絲馬跡”：ordinary—special(特殊的)；general—specific,particular(具體的，個體的)；common—rare(少見的)；normal—abnormal(不正常的)。從反義詞的角度，把同義、近義詞作對比，它們的區(qū)分便一目了然。3．形容詞與介詞的搭配例11Thismagazineisvery________withyoungpeople,wholikeitscontentandstyle.A．familiarB．popularC．similarD．particular【解析】Bbefamiliarwith生疏；bepopularwith受……歡迎；besimilarto與……相像(留意不搭配介詞with)；beparticularabout對……很講究(不搭配介詞with)。4．副詞與動詞的搭配例12I________recognizethedifficultsituationthecompanyisin.A．StronglyB．deeplyC．sincerelyD．fully【解析】D留意記憶一些常用表達，如deeplyregret深感圓滿；fullyrecognize完全認清；sincerelyhope由衷地期望；stronglyrecommend猛烈建議。5．語境對形容詞、副詞的考查，側重語境考查占較大比重。解答此類題目時不僅要理解形容詞和副詞的詞義，而且對語境的正確理解更為重要。所以，要依據(jù)語境選擇與短文所描述的情景或敘述的人、物、大事的性質、特征等有關的形容詞或副詞，選擇與短文前后敘述的話題、主題、中心內容相關的形容詞或副詞。例13Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill________havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.A．eagerly．hopefullyC．immediatelyＤ．gradually【解析】B既然“現(xiàn)在正在爭辯”，那么這個問題在確定時間內得到解決是“有期望的”。比較四個選項，你會發(fā)覺A、C、D在規(guī)律上都講不通，可知答案是B。例14Attimes,worryingisanormal,________responsetoadifficulteventorsituation—alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A．effectiveB．individualC．inevitableD．unfavorable【解析】C分析題干的語境可知，既然“worrying”是對困難的一種正常反應，那么這種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生就是自然的，也是“不行避開的”。閱讀理解。Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That，atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipwithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold(雙重的)．First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest(投入)inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat'sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline(減弱)untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”．Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn'tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense,that'sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren'tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn'tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon'tstopthathappeningeventually.一般認為網(wǎng)絡在讓人與人溝通方面起到了格外重要的作用。而本文作者對此卻持懷疑態(tài)度。他認為網(wǎng)絡在加強人與人之間的關系方面并沒有起到應有的作用。17．Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A．Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B．Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C．Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D．Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.答案：D。主旨大意題。由文章第一段特殊是最終一句“Nomatterhowhardtheinternettr