2021青島市高考英語閱讀理解自練及答案9

閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。體裁：記敘文話題：語言學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間：8分鐘IpreferLynneTruss'sphraseology:Iamagrammar“stickler”．And，likeTruss—authorofEats，Shoots&Leaves—Ihavea“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarmistakesthatmakepeoplelookstupid.Now，TrussandIdisagreeonwhatitmeanstohave“zerotolerance”．Shethinksthatpeoplewhomixupbasicgrammar“deservetobestruckbylightning，hackeduponthespotandburiedinanunmarkedgrave”，whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition.Everyonewhoappliesforapositionateitherofmycompanies，iFixitorDozuki，takesacompulsorygrammartest.Ifjobhopefulscan'tdistinguishbetween“to”and“too”，theirapplicationsgointothebin.Ofcourse，wewriteforaliving.iFistheworld'slargestonlinerepairmanual(指南)，andDozukihelpscompanieswritetheirowntechnicaldocumentation，likepaperlessworkinstructionsandstep-by-stepusermanuals.So，itmakessensethatwe'vemadeastrongstrikeagainstgrammarerrors.Butgrammarisrelevantforallcompanies.Yes，languageisconstantlychanging，butthatdoesn'tmakegrammarunimportant.Goodgrammariscredibility，especiallyontheInternet.And，forbetterorworse，peoplejudgeyouifyoucan'ttellthedifferencebetween“their”“there”and“they're”．Goodgrammarmakesgoodbusinesssense—andnotjustwhenitcomestohiringwriters.Writingisn'tintheofficialjobdescriptionofmostpeopleinouroffice.Still，wegiveourgrammartesttoeverybody，includingoursalespeople，ouroperationsstaff，andourprogrammers.Grammarsignifiesmorethanjustaperson'sabilitytorememberhighschoolEnglish.I'vefoundthatpeoplewhomakefewermistakesonagrammartestalsomakefewermistakeswhentheyaredoingsomethingcompletelyunrelatedtowriting—likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.Itisthesamewithprogrammers.Applicantswhodon'tthinkwritingisimportantarelikelytothinklotsofotherthingsalsoaren'timportant.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】作者敘述了自己對(duì)語法錯(cuò)誤的態(tài)度以及正確運(yùn)用語法的重要性。1．TheauthoragreeswithLynneTrussonthat______.A．grammarmistakescan'tbetolerantB．booksongrammarmakepeoplestupidC．peopleneedtolearnbasicgrammarD．grammarmistakesareabsolutelyunavoidable解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段其次句可知，作者和LynneTruss一樣，對(duì)語法錯(cuò)誤都有一套“零容忍”策略，故選A項(xiàng)。答案A2．What'stheauthor's“zerotolerance”approachtothesejobseekerswhomixupbasicgrammar?A．Theyshouldbeleftoutforajob.B．Theyhavetocorrecttheirmistakes.C．Theyaren'tqualifiedfortheirjobs.D．Theymustbeseverelypunished.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition”可知，作者認(rèn)為這些犯基礎(chǔ)語法錯(cuò)誤的求職者不應(yīng)被錄用。答案A3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofiFixitandDozuki?A．Onlyoneofthemhasacompulsorygrammartest.B．Theyarecompanieswhereonelearnsgrammar.C．Grammarisquiteimportantfortheirexistence.D．Theydependongrammarcorrectionforaliving.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段至第六段內(nèi)容，作者對(duì)每位員工都進(jìn)行語法測(cè)試，由于正確的語法對(duì)作者的兩個(gè)公司格外重要。答案C4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Companiesgivinggrammartestsmayhavenogoodbusinesssense.B．Grammarbecomesunimportantaslanguageisconstantlychanging.C．A“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarerrorsmightseemalittleunfair.D．Peoplewhopayattentiontowritingmaypayattentiontootherthings.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最終一段指出，在語法測(cè)試中出錯(cuò)少的人在做與寫作無關(guān)的事情時(shí)錯(cuò)誤也少，由此可見，那些重視寫作的人，同樣會(huì)重視其他事情。答案D【廣東省2022屆高三考前沖刺卷(三)】CTechnologyhasbeenanencouragementofhistoricalchange.ItactedassuchaforceinEnglandbeginningintheeighteenthcentury，andacrosstheentireWesternWorldinthenineteenth.Rapidadvancesweremadeintheuseofscientificfindingsinthemanufacture(制造)ofgoods，whichhaschangedideasaboutwork.Oneofthefirstchangeswasthatotherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.Alongwiththiscametheincreaseduseofmachinestomanufactureproductsinlesstime.Peoplealsodevelopedmachinesthatcouldproducethesamepartsforaproduct：eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail，meaningthateachnailcouldbechangedforeveryothernail.Thismeansthatgoodscouldbemassproduction，althoughmassproductionrequiredbreakingproductiondownintosmallerandsmallertasks.Oncethiswasdone，workersnolongerstartedontheproductandlabouredtocompleteit.Instead，theymightworkonlyonethousandthofit，otherworkerscompletingtheirownpartsincertainorder.Thereisnothingstrangeaboutthismanufacturingworkbytoday’sstandards.Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproductiontechniques，asmassproductionallowedgoodsofhighstandardtobeproducedingreaternumberthancouldeverbedonebyhand.Buttheskilledworkerwasn’ttheonlyloser，thecommonworkerslosttoo.Similarchangesforcedfarmersaway.Theincreasedmechanization(機(jī)械化)ofagriculturefreedmassesofworkersfromploughingthelandandharvestingitscrops.Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcenters.Increasingly，standardsweresetbymachines.Workersnolongerownedtheirowntools，theirskillwasnolongervalued，andprideintheirworkwasnolongerpossible.Workersfed，lookedafterandrepairedthemachinesthatcouldworkfasterthanhumansatgreatlyreducedcost.36．Inthispassage，whichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredasachangecausedbytheuseofscientificfindingsintheproductionofgoods?A．Otherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.B．Theincreasedexploitationofworkersinthe19thcentury.C．Theincreaseduseofmachinestomakeproductsinlesstime.D．Theuseofmachinesproducingpartsofthesamestandard.37．Theunderlinedword“this”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A．theuseofscientificfindingsB．thepracticeofproducingthesamepartsforaproductC．thehumanpowerbeingreplacedbyotherformsofenergyD．thetechnologybecomingtheencouragementofhistoricalchange38．Theunderlinedword“this”inthesecondparagraphreferstothechangethat________.A．eachnailcouldbetakentheplaceofbyeveryothernailB．eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernailC．producingtasksbecamesmallerandsmallerD．goodscouldbemassproduced39．Accordingtothewriter，highlyskilledworkers________.A．completelydisappearedwiththecomingofthefactorysystemB．weredismissedbythebossC．wereunabletoproducegoodsofhighstandardD．wereunabletoproducefinegoodsatthatsamespeedasmachines40．Accordingtothepassage，whatdidthefarmershavetodowiththecomingofmechanizationofagriculture?A．Manyofthemhadtoleavetheirfarmlandforindustrialcenters.B．Theystucktotheirfarmwork.C．Theyrefusedtousemachines.D．Theydidtheirbesttolearnhowtousethemachines.36．B[原文中并未說對(duì)工人剝削的增加，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。]37．C[倒置的一個(gè)主要目的就是使句子間連接緊密，因此單詞this指上一句的內(nèi)容。]38．D[在條件句中，this指上文的內(nèi)容：貨物批量生產(chǎn)。]39．D[可從其次段第四句知道D項(xiàng)為正確答案。]40．A[可依據(jù)其次段第六句及第八句推斷A項(xiàng)為正確答案。]【廣東省2022屆高三考前沖刺卷(三)】D“IfthereisonethingI’msureabout，itisthatinahundredyearsfromnowwewillstillbereadingnewspapers.Itisnotthatnewspapersareanecessity.Evennowsomepeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromtelevisionorradio.ManybuyapaperonlyonSaturdaysorSundays.Butformostpeoplereadinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.”Thenatureofwhatisnewsmaychange.Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhataffectsourlives—thebigpoliticalstories，thecoverageofthewars，earthquakesandotherdisasters，willcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch，though.It’salreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegeneticengineering.Inthefuture，Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedo—aswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthebrainoperatesandwhatourfeelingsreallyare.It’squitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmittedelectronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,I’mprettysurethathowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu，makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread—sportsandinternationalnews，etc.Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutcompetitionamongthedifferentmedia.Theyactuallyfeed_offeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers，butthathasn’thappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlostintheair.AndasfortheInternet，it’sneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.41．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheBestWaytoGetNewsB．TheChangesofMediaC．MakeYourOwnNewspaperD．TheFutureofNewspapers42．Inthewriter’sopinion，inthefuture，________.A．morebigpoliticalaffairs，warsanddisasterswillmakenewsB．newspaperswillnotbeprintedinpublishinghousesanylongerC．newspaperswillcovermorescientificresearchD．moreandmorepeoplewillwatchTV43．Whatwillprobablybeinthenewspapermadebyyourself?A．Sportsandinternationalnews.B．Amenuofimportantnews.C．Themostimportantnews.D．Whatyouareinterestedin.44．Fromthepassage，wecaninfer________.A．newspaperswillwinthecompetitionamongthedifferentmediaB．newspaperswillstaywithustogetherwithothermediaC．televisionwilltaketheplaceofnewspapersD．thewriterbelievessomemediawilldieout45．Theunderlinedphrase“feedoff”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．dependonB．competewithC．fightwithD．killoff41．D[標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)文章第一句“100年后人們?nèi)砸x報(bào)”，到后面文章講到報(bào)紙跟人們生活的關(guān)系、報(bào)紙的形式和內(nèi)容，可歸納出此題的答案為D項(xiàng)。]42．C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段第三句可知此題答案為C項(xiàng)。]43．D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段最終一句可推知此題答案為D項(xiàng)。]44．B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段第三句及全文內(nèi)容可推知此題答案為B項(xiàng)。]45．A[詞義猜想題。作者上一句說人們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為各種不同的媒體相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以及feedoff所在句中的actually一詞，再結(jié)合所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可知A項(xiàng)最佳。]閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Believeitornot,opticalillusion(視錯(cuò)覺)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedcarcrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Toogreatspeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallserioustrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedrisksarethegreatestcurves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbars(水平桿)paintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.36.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A.anewtypeofopticalillusionB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewwayoftrainingdriversD.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，我們可以知道，在高速大路上畫各種線是為了讓司機(jī)覺得車速過快，從而達(dá)到把握車速的目的。37.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat________.A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relateddangerB.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedC.theyare