英語泛讀第一單元資料講解

Unit1

PartOne

ADogfromNowhere

BackgroundInformationHuntingHuntingisthepracticeofpursuinglivinganimals(usuallywildlife)forfood,recreation,ortrade.Inpresent-dayuse,thetermreferstolawfulhunting,asdistinguishedfrompoaching(偷獵),whichisthekilling,trappingorcaptureofthehuntedspeciescontrarytoapplicablelaw.Thespecieswhicharehuntedarereferredtoasgame

（獵物）andareusuallymammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）andmigratory

（移棲）ornon-migratory

gamebirds.HuntingbecameasportinmedievalEurope,whereitwasreserved,asfaraspossible,fortheprivilegedclassesbygamelaws.Falconry

[獵鷹訓(xùn)練術(shù)]

andfoxhuntingbecameincreasinglypopularinEnglandintheMiddleAges,andtheuseofhuntingdogs---hounds[獵狗],

setters[塞特種獵狗],pointers[能站住用鼻尖指示獵獲物所在處的獵狗],

spaniels[長(zhǎng)耳獵犬]

andthelike–becamewidespreadinthisperiod.Typesofhuntingarealsodistinguishedbythesizeoftheanimalbeingsought.Big-gamehuntingisthemostglamorousandoftenthemostdangerous.ItbecameapopularsportamongWesterncolonialistsinAfricaandIndiaduringthe19thcentury,andeventodaythebig-gamesafari

(科學(xué)考察，游獵)遠(yuǎn)征(隊(duì))(特指在非洲東部)

survives.Big-gameanimalsincludethemoose駝鹿

,caribou[馴鹿]

,bear,andelk

[麋，大角鹿]

ofNorthAmerica;thereindeer[馴鹿]

,elk,andwolfofEurope;thetiger,leopard[豹]

,elephant,andwildgoatofAsia;andtheantelope羚羊

,gazelle瞪羚

,zebra斑馬

,leopard[美洲豹]

,lion,giraffe長(zhǎng)頸鹿

,rhinoceros犀牛

,andelephantofAfrica.Small-gamehunting,knownas“shooting”inGreatBritain,focusesonbirdssuchasthequail鵪鶉

,partridge鷓

,grouse松雞

,pheasant野雞

,andgoose,aswellasonsuchanimalsasthehare野兔

,rabbit,woodchuck土撥鼠類

,raccoon

浣熊,貉子

,andsquirrel松鼠

.Extensivehunting,bothcommercialandrecreational,hasmademanyspeciesofgameanimalsextinct(thepassengerpigeon)ornearlyextinct(theAmericanbison).GamelawsandwildliferefugesintheUnitedStateshavebeendesignedtosavegameanimalsandbirdsfromextinction.2.DogcultureIndifferentsocietyandculture,peoplemaygivedifferentculturalconnotations（隱含意義）tothesameword.“Dog”isacommendatory（表?yè)P(yáng)的）terminEnglishwhileitisaderogatory（貶低的）terminChinese.

Inwesterncountries,peoplenotonlyjusttakedogsastheirpets,buttheirbestfriendsandtheirrelationshipisverycloseandintimate.Somepeopletreattheirpetsliketheirownchildrenorevenlikethehousegods.Theyspeaktodogs,sleepwiththemandwashthemregularly.Theybuythebestfoodtofeedtheirdogs,buythedog’sclothesandgivethedogssleepingbunk.Therearemanyvets（獸醫(yī)）andmanypetsshopsintheWest.

Peoplewon’teatdogs’meat.Dogs’meatcanrefertomeatfordogs.It’sakindoffoodfordogs.Italsocanrefertodogs’bodiesconsumption,buttheythinkitiscrueltoeatdogs’meat,andtheyfeelsicktodoso.Theylovedogs.Theytakedogsastheirbestfriendssothattheywon’teatthem.

RelatedproverbsLove

me,

love

my

dog.愛屋及烏Every

dog

has

his

day.凡人皆有得意日Barking

dogs

seldom

bite.吠犬不咬人A

good

dog

deserves

a

good

bone.立功者受獎(jiǎng)He

worked

like

a

dog.他工作很賣力Let

sleeping

dogs

lie.莫惹是非A

living

dog

is

better

than

a

dead

lion.死獅不如活狗/凡事講求實(shí)際An

old

dog

barks

not

in

vain.老狗不亂咬/老年人做事有經(jīng)驗(yàn)Dogdoesnoteatdog.物不傷其類。其他的詞語還有:top

dog指經(jīng)奮斗而居高位者；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中奪魁者，優(yōu)勝者a

lucky

dog（幸運(yùn)兒）,a

dog's

life（苦難的日子，潦倒）

dog

days（三伏天）beinthedoghouse（受冷遇，失寵）等

FurtherInformationonText-RelatedDetails1.alost-and-found(AmericanEnglish)orlostproperty(BritishEnglish):Usuallyfoundatlargepublicplaces,itiswherevisitorscangotoretrievelostarticlesthatmayhavebeenfoundbyothervisitors.Frequentlyfoundatmuseums,amusementparts,schools,etc.,alost-and-foundwilltypicallybeaboxorroominalocationnearthemainentrance.Itwouldbeclearlymarkedsothatanyonewhohasfoundamisplacedarticlecanfindit.2.Pittsfield[皮茨菲爾德]

:

ItisthelargestcityinBerkshireCounty,Massachusetts,theUSA.Thepopulationwas45,793atthe2000censusandremainsrelativelystable.ItisoneofthepopulationcentersofWesternMassachusetts.3.shotgun[散彈槍，鳥槍，獵槍]

Ashotgunisafirearmtypicallyusedtofireanumberofsmallsphericalpellets[球形小子彈]

calledshot.Sincethepoweroftheexplodingchargeisdividedamongthepellets,theenergyofanyoneballofshotisfairlylow,makingshotgunsusefulprimarilyforhuntingbirdsandothersmallgame.4.BunkerHill

邦克山(一座矮山,32.6米(107英尺)高,位于馬薩諸塞州波士頓的一個(gè)地區(qū),查爾斯頓。美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期第一次主要的戰(zhàn)役就于1775年7月17日發(fā)生在附近的布里德山).

BunkerHillisoriginallyreferredtoasahillinBoston,MassachusettsandafamousbattleoftheAmericanRevolutionaryWarwasfoughtnearthehill.Later,severalUSwarshipsarenamedafterthebattlegroundincludingtheEssexClassaircraftcarrierUSSBunkerHill(CV-17)(邦克山號(hào)航空母艦)

andtheTiconderogaclasscruiserUSSBunkerHill(CG-52)(巡洋艦邦克山號(hào))5.NewGuinea[新幾內(nèi)亞(島)〔西太平洋〕]

LocatedjustnorthofAustralia,itistheworld’ssecondlargestisland.Thecurrentpopulationoftheislandisabout6.9million.6.Tennessee

aU.S.statelocatedinthesouthernUnitedStates.In1796,itbecamethesixteenthstatetojointheunion.Tennesseeisknownasthe“VolunteerState”,anicknameitearnedduringtheWarof1812,inwhichvolunteersoldiersfromTennesseeplayedaprominentrole,especiallyduringtheBattleofNewOrleans.ExercisesII.ComprehensionPoints

1.Wouldn’thavestayedheresocontentedly.

(L.5)

Whatistheimplicationofthesentence?

ThesentenceimpliesthatMr.Juneswantedverymuchtokeepthedogandhehadtakengoodcareofhim.

2.I’dhatetoseeafinedoglikethat

–(L.17)

Completethesentence.

I’dhatetoseeafinedoglikethatbetakenawaybysomebodyotherthanitsowner.3.…onesleevehunglimpbyhisside.(L.60)

Whathappenedtohisarm?

Itwaslostinthewar,perhapstheSecondWorldWar.4.I’msureheleftyouproudmemories.(L.80)

Whydidhesayso?ThecrewoftheBunkerHillfoughtbravelyduringthewar,soMr.andMrs.Junesmustbeproudoftheirsonwhowasoneofthegreatcrew.

5.Itwasthenthathopediedintheheatof

Mr.Junes.(L.98)

Whydidhopedieinhisheart?

Becausetheman’sdescriptionofthedogfitexactlyandMr.Junesthoughthemustbetheownerofthedog,hishopeofkeepingthedogdied.

6.Butquicklyheloweredhisheadandturned

away.(L.128)

Whydidhedoso?

Hedidsobecausehewasverysadnow.Heknewthatitwasimpossibleforhimtolearntohuntwithonlyonearm.7.…h(huán)elookedfromonetotheother,abaffled

expressiononhisface.(L.135)

Whywasthereabaffledexpressiononhis

face?

Thedoglovedbothmen,andconsideredbothofthemhisowners.Hewasn’tsurewhichmanheshouldgoto.8.Backatthehouse,theboyhurriedlythankedthem

fortheirhospitalityandwasgone.(L.146)

Whywasheinsuchahurry?

Itwashardforhimtodecidetogiveupthedog.Ifhestayedlonger,hemightbecomesadderandevenchangehismind.Andhewasalsoafraidthatthedogmightshowsignsofrecognizinghim,whichwouldmaketheoldmansuspiciousthathewastherightownerofthedog.9.Ithascomefromadistantcity,andwas

unsigned.(L.156)

Whywasthetelegramunsigned?

Anwhodoyouthinkmighthavesentit?Thetelegramwasunsignedbecausethesenderofthetelegramdidn’twantMr.Junestoknowwhohewas,andhealsoexpectednoreplyfromMr.Junes.Itmustbethetallyoungmanwhohadoncetriedtoclaimthedog.III.Translation1.最后，他在一家市區(qū)銀行里找到了一份工作。在那里他見到了許多錢，但他連摸一下那些錢的機(jī)會(huì)都沒有。35年里他呆在同一間辦公室里，坐在同一張辦公桌前，在沒有盡頭的日子里做著同樣的事情。2.可是狗呢？他一只也沒有，而且他想要的那種狗很難弄到，既是他有錢也不行。3.“現(xiàn)在的困難，”他說，“是找到他的名字。不能隨便給狗起個(gè)名字。我會(huì)再列個(gè)單子。”KeytoText-RelatedQuestions

1.WhatkindofdreamdidMr.Juneshave?

Wouldthisdreamfinallycometrue?Ifyes,stateyourreasons.

Hisdreamwasthathewouldsomedaygobacktothecountryandpickupwhereheleftoff.Hisdreamcouldcometrue,becausenowatsixty-six,hehadpartofitanyway.Hehadgottenhimselfafarm.Thelandwasn’tmuchgood,butitwasstillafarm.Anditcontainedbigcoveysofquail,whoseclamoringtakeofffilledhimwithatremendousthrill.2.WhatkindofpersonwasMr.Junes?

Obviouslyhewasakindman,whowaswarm-heartedandlovedpeacefullife.3.DidMr.Juneswanttokeepthedog?

Whydidheplaceanadinthenewspaper?Yes,hedid.Becausethelawrequiresthefinderofanylostobjectputanadthreetimesinthelost-and-found.4.Whowastherealownerofthedog?

Whydidn’thetakethedogback?Thetallyoungmanwastherealownerofthedog.Becausehefoundthattheoldmanlovedthedogverymuch,andthedoghadbecomeanimportantpartforhimtomakehislife-longdreamcometrue.What’smore,thedogalsolovedtheoldman.PartTwoWelcometoOurBankBackgroundInformation1.bankteller:

Abankteller[(銀行的)出納員]

isanemployeeofabankwhodealsdirectlywithmostcustomers.Tellersareconsidereda“frontline”inthebankingbusiness.Thisisbecausetheyarethefirstpeoplethatacustomerseesatthebankandarealsothepeoplemostlikelytodetectandstopfraudulent[欺騙性的]

transactionsinordertopreventlossesatabank(i.e.counterfeit[假的]

currencyandcheques,identitytheft,con[欺詐的]

artistschemes,etc.).Thepositionalsorequirestellerstobefriendlyandinteractwiththecustomers,providingthemwithinformationaboutcustomers’accountandbankservices.Mosttellershaveawindow(orwicket[(銀行等的)營(yíng)業(yè)窗口])andacashdrawerfromwhichtheyperformtheirmoneytransactions.Oneofthemoreunnerving[使失去意志力，使喪失勇氣]

scenarios[劇情說明]foratellerisabankrobbery.Thesedonotoccurveryfrequentlybutareoneofthemostdangerousthingsthatatellercanexperienceonthejob.

2.bankrobberyBankrobberyisthecrimeofstealingfromabankduringopeninghours.Breakingintoabankwhenitisclosedisburglary.Bankrobberyismostfrequentlyincitiesandlargetowns.Theshareofbankrobberiesinsmalltownsincreasedfromabout20%in1996toaboutonethirdin2002,butthemajorityofbankrobberiesareconcentratedinurbanareas.

Violenttakeovertypebankrobberiesdooccur,butareveryrare.Themajorityofbankrobberiestakingplacetodayaresocalled"notejobs."

Thisisacasewherethebankrobbersimplypassesanotetoatellerinformingthetellerthatarobberyisinprogressandthatthetellershouldhandoverallthemoney.Theideaistoattractaslittleattentionaspossible.Inmostcases,othercustomerspresentinthebankduringsucharobberyarecompletelyunawareofwhatisoccurring.Standardbankpolicyistoavoidviolenceasmuchaspossible,sotheywillnormallyhandoverthemoneyandtrytoadheretotherobber'sdemands.Therobberusuallymakesawaywithcash,buttypicallyinrelativelysmallamounts.Althoughitmaybedifficulttocontrolyourangerinsuchasituation,thebestthingistojustgettherobberoutoftheresothateverybodyissafe.Simplyfollowinstructions,lettheguyhavewhathewants.Thesoonerhegetsitthesoonerhe’llgoaway.Everylawenforcementofficialwilltellyouthesamething:themostheroicactyoushouldtakeinabankrobberyisnoticinganydetailsabouttherobber.Youshouldnottrytostoptherobberybyforce.Lawenforcementwillpursuetherobber.Agitatingabankrobbercanresultinharmtoyourselfand/orothers.it’ssimplynotworthallofthemoneyintheworld.FurtherInformationonText-relateddetails1.audit:

Anauditisanevaluationofanorganization,system,process,projectorproduct.Inaccounting,anauditisanindependentassessmentofthefairnessbywhichacompany’sfinancialstatementsarepresentedbyitsmanagement.Itisperformedbycompetent,independentandobjectivepersons,knownasauditorsoraccountants.2.theboardofdirectors:Inrelationtoacompany,adirectorisanofficerofthecompanychargedwiththeconductandmanagementofitsaffairs.Thedirectorscollectivelyarereferredtoasaboardofdirectors.Sometimestheboardwillappointoneofitsmemberstothechairmanoftheboard.II.ComprehensionPoints

1.Mournfully,GeorgePickenwalkedhomefromworkeveryday,andaskedhimselfthesequestions.(L.48)

WhywasGeorgePickenmournful?Becausethebankwasnotrobbed,andthushehadnochanceoftakinganymoneyfromthebank.Perhapshewasalsomournfulbecauseofadulllife,whichwouldbebrightenedbymoney.2.Itwasassimpleascouldbe,andeverytime

GeorgePickenexaminedtheplan,itseemedmore

certain.(L.59)

Whatwashisplan?Hisplanwas:ifheisrobbed,hewilltaketherestofthemoneyinhiscashbox,andclaimthatallthemoneyhasbeentakenbytherobber.3.…andithadbeenanevenchanceastowho

wouldgetthebusiness.(L.104)

Tellthemeaningofthispartofthesentence.Thispartofthesentencemeans:HeandMissDykeshadthesamechanceofbeingrobbed.4.“Allthemorereasonformetogo,”…(L.151)

Wh