2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十一 推理判斷

2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)

專題十一推理判斷

Passage1

TheHearClearGoRechargeableDigitalHearingAidisapopularmemberofourrechargeablehearing

aidfamilyfbragoodreason:Itcombinesgreatperformancewithincrediblevalue!Thishearingaidfeatures

advancedthird-generationdigitaltechnologyatanunbelievablyaffordableprice.TheGoispackedwiththe

samekeytechnologiesthatallhigh-enddigitalhearingaidssharewhileleavingouttheextrafancybellsand

whistlesthatincreasecostsandrequireexpensiveadjustments.WiththeGo,you'llhearclearlywhilesavinga

lotofmoney.

WiththeGo'sincludedchargingstation,youwon'thavetokeepbuyingandreplacingtinyhearingaid

batteries!You'lllovethelightweightdesign.TheGoispre-programmedfbrmostmoderatetosignificant

hearinglosses—nocostlyprofessionaladjustmentsneeded.Theyareshippeddirectlytoyouandwillhelpyou

hearbetterrightoutofthebox!

Youcanspendthousandsonanexpensivehearingaid,oryoucanspendjust$239onahearingaidthatis

greatformosthearinglosses(only$199eachwhenyoubuyapair-hearupto3timesbetterthanwearing

justone).Wearesosureyouwillloveyourhearingaids.Weoffera100%MoreyBack

Guarantee—Risk-freeifyouarenotsatisfiedfbranyreason.Nocostlyprofessionalappointmentsneeded!

Withourfreetelecare,youcancallourfriendlyandcaringstafffromthecomfortandsafetyofyourhometo

discussyourhearingaidcare.

l.WhatdoweknowabouttheGo?

A.Itspriceisunbelievablylow.

B.Itfeaturesfancybellsandwhistles.

C.Itincludesachargingstation.

D.Itneedsexpensiveprofessionaladjustments.

2.Howmuchshouldyoupaytobuyapair?

A.S239.B.$478,C.$199.D.$398.

3.VVhereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Amagazine.

B.Aresearchpaper.

第I頁共116頁

C.Atravelbrochure.

D.Ascientificjournal.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:應(yīng)用文。主題語境:人與社會。主旨：一款數(shù)碼助聽器的特點(diǎn)、價格和售后服

務(wù)。

1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“WiththeGo'sincludedchargingstation,youwon'thavetokeep

buyingandreplacingtinyhearingaidbatteries!”可知,theGo包含充電站。

2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“onlyS199eachwhenyoubuyapair—hearupto3timesbetterthan

wearingjustone”可知，買一對助聽器時，一只僅需要支付199美元，兩只就是398美元。

3.A推理判斷題。本文是一篇廣告，可能出自雜志。

Passage2

Iwasalwaysareader.Asakid,Iwalkedtothelibraryseveraltimesaweekandstayeduplatereading

withatorch.IdidmyundergraduatedegreeinEnglishandwentontogetamaster'sinliterature.WhenI

createdmyonlineprofile,Imademyscreenname“missbibliophile”.Fillingoutthe^favoritebooks“section,

Iletmytasteinliteraturespeakforme:OneHundredYearsofSolitude,AMoveableFeast,WhiteTeeth,The

Namesake,TheKnownWorld.

ButIrealizedithadbeenmorethantwoyearssinceIhadreadmostofthosetitles.Ihadstoppedreading

gradually,thewayonehealsordies.

Davidwasmyonlinefriend.Hisprofilesaidhelikedtoread,soIaskedhimabouthislastbook.Hisface

litupandhisfingersdanced.ItoldhimIonlyreadonebookthatyear.t4Butit'sJune.Readabook!”hesaid.

Iwaspainfullyawareoftheglaringhypocrisy（虛偽）inmylife.Idefendedthevirtuesofbookstoresin

theageofonlineretailingandboughtbooks,andtheysatoneverysurfaceuntilmyhouseappearedtowear

booksthewayonewearsclothes.

Hissuggestionof“readingabook^^echoedinmyhead.Oneafternoon,IpickeduponeI'dboughtonly

foritspoetictitle.Ihadahardtimegettingintoit.WheneverIwastemptedtogiveuponit,Ithoughtof

David.IpushedthroughthefirsttwochaptersanddiscoveredanewnarratorandIlovedthealternatingpoints

ofview.Ireadatlunchandonmywalkhome,occasionallyliftingmyeyestoavoidstrangersandtheuneven

roadsurface.Istayeduplateandfinishedthebook.

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Ifeltgreatandproudofmyself.ThelasttimeI'dpulledanall-nightertoread,Iwas12.1felthewas

pushingmetobemoreofthepersonIusedtobe.

l.Whydidtheauthorpurposelylistmanyclassicsinherprofile?

A.Toshowhertaste.

B.Tolistthebooksshehadread.

C.Tofillouttheform.

D.Toindicateherability.

2.HowmuchdoweknowaboutDavid?

A.Heisinterestedindancing.

B.Heisexcitedaboutbooks.

C.HeiscuriousabouttheInternet.

D.Heispatientwithstrangers.

3.Howdidtheauthortrytoappearfbndofreading?

A.Byrefusingonlinebooks.

B.Bydecoratingherhousewithbooks.

C.Bywanderingaboutbookstores.

D.Byconstantlybuyingdifferenthooks.

4.Whydidtheauthorfeelproudofherself?

A.Shestayedupallnight.

B.Shefinishedreadingabook.

C.Sheregainedpassionforbooks.

D.Davidpushedhertoread.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:記敘文。主題語境:人與自我。主旨:作者重獲對閱讀的熱愛。

1.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iletmytasteinliteraturespeakforme”可推知，作者羅列很多名著的目

的是顯示自己對文學(xué)的品味。

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hisprofilesaidhelikedtoread,soIaskedhimabouthislastbook.His

facelitupandhisfingersdanced.”可知,David是個熱愛讀書的人。

第3頁共116頁

3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中“Idefendedthevirtuesofbookstoresintheageofonlineretailingand

boughtbooks,andtheysatoneverysurfaceuntilmyhouseappearedtowearbooksthewayonewears

clothes.”可知，作者通過買不同的書回家以顯示自己似乎喜歡閱讀。

4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“IfelthewaspushingmetobemoreofthepersonIusedtobe.“可知，

作者感到自豪,是因?yàn)橹厥皩ψx書的熱愛。

長難句Idefendedthevirtuesofbookstoresintheageofonlineretailingandboughtbooks,andtheysaton

everysurfaceuntilmyhouseappearedtowearbooksthewayonewearsclolhes.在網(wǎng)上零售的時代,我為書

店的優(yōu)點(diǎn)辯白并買書，它們占據(jù)了每個表面，直到我的房子看起來像一個人穿著衣服一樣到處擺滿了書。

本句為并列復(fù)合句。句中第二個and連接并列分句，在第二個分句中until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,在時間

狀語從句中theway引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。

Passage3

Theotherday,Iwaspurchasingsomegiftsinastore.Standingatthecounterwasanelderlyladywho

immediatelydrewmyattention.Shelookedtobeatmymother'sage.Ismiledatherwhilenoticinghershock

ofwhitehair,clearblueeyesbehindherglassesandthegentlesmile.

Shesmiledbackandasked,"What'syourname?'，replied,4tSeena.Whafsyours?^^Heranswerwas

“Whaialovelyname.MynameisRose.”

Afterputtingawayherwallet,Rosesearchedthroughherbagandwasn'thavinganeasytime.Sheasked

me,“Wouldyoumindhelpingmelookforsomethinginmybag?It'ssoheavy,andIcanneverfindanything.^^

Rosewasmeltingmyheart.

'Sure.Whatareyoulookingfdr?”Iasked.Shereplied,needtofindmytelephonebooksoIcancalla

taxi."Iaskedherwhereshewasgoing,andRoserespondedwith“SimpsonHouse”.Ifeltawarmconnection

withmynewacquaintanceandsaid,“IpassrightbySimpsonHouse.Tdbehappytodriveyouhome.^^Rose

respondedjokingly,t4AreyousureI'magoodperson?”Ireplied,4tIamassureasIcanbe.Lefsgo.”

WewalkedouttomycarandIopenedthedoorforher.Shesaid,"I'mOKgettinginbutIneedsome

helpwiththeseatbclt.^^Itremindedmeofallthetimesmymomwaitedformyassistancetogetintomycar.

WhenIwasdriving,Rosesaid,44Inallmyyears,nobodyeverofferedtogivemearide.Ifeelblessedto

knowyou.^^Rosedidmostofthetalking,andwelaughedalot.

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Wearrivedatherplace.Igotoutofthecartomeetheronthepassenger'ssideandtoopenherdoor.She

said,**Icangetout."Rose'spartingwordswere“IhopeIseeyouagain,“andminewere“Iwouldlikethat.**

Withawave,webothleft.

l.VVhywasRosemeltingSeena'sheart?

A.Roselookedelegantandpowerful.

B.Seenafelttrustedbyastranger.

C.RosepraisedSeenaforthelovelyname.

D.SeenawashappytobeyoungerthanRose.

2.WhatwasRosetryingtofindinherbag?

A.Herwallet.B.Hercellphone.

C.Hcrglasses.D.Hcrtelephonebook.

3.WhydidSeenamentionherownmother?

A.TostressRose'spositivelife.

B.Toshowherloveforhermother.

C.ToimplyRosewasingreatneedofhelp.

D.Toremindherselftocaremoreabouthermother.

4.WhatkindofpersonisRose?

A.Helpfulandserious.

B.Honestandoptimistic.

C.Consideraleandambitious.

D.Humorousandindependent.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:記敘文。主題語境:人與社會。主旨:Seena在商店里遇到并結(jié)識了Rose,她雖然

年事己高，但有著非常積極的人生態(tài)度。

1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,Rose融化了Seena的心是因?yàn)镽ose請求Seena幫忙在包里找東

西,Seena覺得自己被一個陌生人信任了,

2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“IneedtofindmytelephonebooksoIcancallataxi.”可知,Rose在找她

的電話本。

3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Shelookedtobeatmymothersage.Ismiledatherwhilenoticingher

shockofwhitehair,clearblueeyesbehindherglassesandthegentlesmile.”以及第五段中“PmOKgettingin

第5頁共116頁

butIneedsomehelpwiththeseatbelt."和"Itremindedmeofallthetimesmymomwaitedfbrmyassistance

togetintomycar.”可推知,Seena提到和Rose年齡相仿的母親是為了凸顯Rose在這個年紀(jì)，人生態(tài)度很

積極。

4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Roserespondedjokingly,4ArcyousureI'magoodperson?’”以及最后一

段中“Shesaid,icangetout.’"可推知,Rose幽默且獨(dú)立。

Passage4

Likemanyparentsworkingfromhoinewhiletheirkidsarelearningremotely,we'vebeenlookingfor

creativewaystoconnectwithourchildren—andnowherehasthisbeentruerthaninthekitchen.

Kitchenscience,asLizHeinecke,authorofKitchenScienceLabfbrKidscallsit,doesn'trequireany

fancyequipmentoringredients（原料）一and,bestofall,intheeraofremoteeducation,wecancombine

sciencelessonswitheverydaymealpreparations.Ryhelpingwithcooking,kidscanengageinlively,

project-basedlessons.Actually,eventheeasiestrecipesincludebothsimpleandcomplexscientificconcepts.

Kitchenscienceisn'tjustaboutwhatwc'rccooking.Ifsalsoaboutunderstandingwhyit'sworthtaking

thetimetofigureouthowingredientsandtemperatureinteractandwhysubstancesbehavethewaytheydo.

Everyoneinvolvedwilllearnsomething.

Forexample,weallknowoilandwaterdon'tmixeasily,butwecanchangethisbyaddingmustard（芥

末醬）totheoilandwatertomakeasaladdressing.Thisisanopportunitytoteachkidsaboutthescienceof

emulsions（乳劑）.Addinglemonjuicetoavegetablestopsthatvegetablefromturningbrown;cabbage

changescolorwhenyouaddvinegartoit.Bothofthosephenomenaaretheresultofchemicalreactions.Inthe

classroom,itcanbehardtoseehowscientificconceptswillbeappliedoutsidethelab.Butwhenkidssee

theseconceptsworkintherealworld,thatsparkscuriosityandlearning.

“Everytimeyoustepintoyourkitchentocook,youputsciencetowork.Infact,physicsandchemistry

comeintoplaywheneveryousteam,bake,freezeorboil.Thus,everytimeyoustepintothekitchen,it'san

opponunityforeveryonetolearnmoreaboutscienceJLizHeineckesaid.

l.VVhatareparentsexpectedtodointhekitchen?

A.Askkidstocookamealontheirown.

B.Doscientificexperimentsinthekitchen.

C.Payattentiontocookingingredients.

D.Combinescientificconceptswithrecipes.

第6頁共116頁

2.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphindicate?

A.Rawmaterialsareimportantinthekitchen.

B.Procedurestocookdinnermustbefollowed.

C.Cookingcaninspirekids1interestinstudyingscience.

D.Familyeducationismoreimportantthanschooleducation.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromLizHeinecke'swords?

A.Cookingcanbenefitbothkidsandparents.

B.Parentsneedtomasterdifferentcookingskills.

C.Labexperimentscanberepeatedathome.

D.Schoolsshouldoffercookingcourses.

4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthetext?

A.Topracticehealthyeatinghabits.

B.Tolearnfoodscienceoutofthelab.

C.Toturnmealpreparationsintofamilylearning.

D.Toteachkidssomerecipesforcookinginthekitchen.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自我。主旨:讓廚房成為孩子和父母學(xué)習(xí)更多科學(xué)知

識的地方。

1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“wecancombinesciencelessonswitheverydaymealpreparations...even

theeasiestrecipesincludebothsimpleandcomplexscientificconcepts”可推知、家長在廚房里可以將科學(xué)課

程中的科學(xué)概念與日常做飯的食譜結(jié)合起來。

2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butwhenkidsseetheseconceptsworkintherealworld,thatsparks

curiosityandlearning”可推知，第四段通過舉例表明科學(xué)概念與烹飪結(jié)合可以激發(fā)孩子們學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的興

趣。

3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thus,evetytimeyoustepintothekitchen,it'sanopportunityfbr

everyonetolearnmoreaboutscience”可推知，烹飪對孩子和父母來說都是學(xué)習(xí)更多科學(xué)知識的機(jī)會，孩子

和父母都能獲益。

4.C推理判斷題。通讀全文并結(jié)合最后一段可推知，作者想要告訴我們廚房可以成為學(xué)習(xí)更多科學(xué)知識

的地方，應(yīng)該把做飯變成家庭學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。

第7頁共116頁

Passage5

Whereverontheglobeshemaybe,humanitarianNyamayarokeepsclosetohernativeAfricabycarrying

ayellowdress."Itremindsmeofthebright,beautifulAfricanskyIusedtoseeinmysmallvillage,shetells

People.Nyamayaroslifepathwasn'talwayssohigh-profile.Growingup,sheassumedshe'dspendherlife

contributingtohervillage,andfarminginthefieldsliketheotherwomenaroundher.Butachanceencounter

withaUnitedNationsworkerthatcameamidaseveredroughtalteredthatpathforever.

“Iwillneverforgetthatday,“Nyamayarosays.UAchilddiedfromhungereveryfiveseconds,andI

almostbecameoneofthosechildren.AseveredroughthadhitourvillagewhenIturned8yearsoldand

suddenly,myparadisechangedovernightandtherewasnothingtoeatordrink.IthoughtIwasgoingtodie.It

feltliketherewasnowayofgettingoutofthis.Butthenthisincrediblethinghappened.AnAfrican,whowas

aIJnitedNationshumanitarian,foundme,andgavemeahowlofporridgethatsavedmylifb."Thechance

encounterprovidedmorethanjustlifesavingnourishment—itopenedthedoorsastowhatcouldbepossible

fbrher,whoimmediatelysethersightsonworkingfbrtheUnitedNationsjustlikehersavior.

UIthoughtIwantedtobelikeher,sothatonedayIcouldchangethelivesofothers.I'msogratefulfor

thatmomentwhichwasverydevastating,becauseitgavemylifesomuchmeaningandpurpose.Thewoman

showedmewhatwaspossible.Sometimesonemomentcanreallychangeyourentirelifb.”

JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,Nyamayaro

hopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,assheknowsher

storyisnotunique.

l.VVhyisayellowdressmentionedinparagraph1?

A.Itstandsforherbrightfuture.

B.Ithighlightsherpersonalpreference.

C.Itisrelatedtothesceneryofherhometown.

D.Itistheluckycolorofherhometown.

2.WhydidNyamayarowanttobeahumanitarian?

A.Togetridofthepovertyassoonaspossible.

B.Toshouldertheresponsibilityofhelpingothers.

C.Toseekforchancestobroadenhermind.

D.Tosetanexampletothewholecountry.

第8頁共116頁

3.WhatdoesNyamayaro'scareerstorytellus?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Successmeansgettingaperson'sdesiressatisfied.

C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.

D.Whsrethere'sawillthere'saway.

4.Whereisthispassagemostlikelyfrom?

A.Amagazine.B.Anovel.

C.Abrochure.D.Aguidebook.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:記敘文。主題語境:人與社會。主旨:人道主義者Nyamayar。小時候得到別人的

幫助,這件事對她影響很大，讓她下定決心以后去幫助別人。

1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“humanitarianNyamayarokeepsclosetohernativeAfricabycarryinga

yellowdress.*Itremindsmeofthebright,beautifulAfricanskyIusedtoseeinmysmallvillage/shetells

People"可推斷,Nyamayaro的黃色連衣裙能使她聯(lián)想到家鄉(xiāng)的景色。

2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二、三段可知，一個人道主義者幫助了Nyamayaro這件事讓她想要去幫助別

人，所以Nyamayaro想成為人道主義者去幫助別人。

3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunities

previouslyunknown,NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesamefbrchildrengrowingupinvillages

justlikeher,assheknowsherstoryisnotunique.”和文章的描述可知Nyamayaro成為人道主義者幫助他

人是因?yàn)槭艿綆椭娜说挠绊懀露Q心要去做這件事，并且成功了，所以D項(xiàng)“有志者事竟成”是這個

故事要告訴我們的道理。

4.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章描述可知，本文主要講述人道主義者Nyamayai?。小時候得到別人的幫助，這

件事對她影響很大，讓她下定決心以后去幫助別人。這種勵志故事最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上，故選A項(xiàng)。

長難句JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,

NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,asshe

knowsherstoryisnotunique.正如這位聯(lián)合國工作人員打開了她的眼界，讓她看到了以前不知道的機(jī)

會,Nyamayaro希望來自非洲的女孩也能為就像她一樣在農(nóng)村長大的孩子們做同樣的事情,因?yàn)樗浪?/p>

的故事并非獨(dú)一無二。

本句為主從復(fù)合句。句中第一個as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,第二個as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,girlsfromAfrica

candothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher作動詞hopes的賓語，其前省略了連詞thato

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Passage6

Ifyouweretothrowabananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledrivingalongthemotorway,thatwouldbea

completelyharmlessaction,duetothefactthatit'spartofafruit—right?Actually,no.Abananapeelcantake

uptotwoyearstobenaturallyprocessed,andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving,

that'sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels.Anorangepeel,aswellasacigarettebutt,hasasimilar

biodegrading（生物降解）termtothatofabananapeel,buttincanslastupto100years;andplasticbottleslast

forever,asdoglassbottles.

Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsfbr

longer,wecan*tmerelymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despite

havingafairlyshortlengthofbiodegradingtime,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitterisdiscardedin

theUKeveryday.

It'snotacheaphabiteither:TokeepthestreetscleanannuallycostsUKtaxpayers￡500million,and

whenyouincludethegreenspaces,thatgoesupto￡Ibillion.So,it'snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly-tipping

youcouldfacea￡20,000fineorevenjailtimeand,ifyoudisposedofsomethingdangerous,thecourtcould

giveyoufiveyearstoserve.Regardlessofhowseverethesepunishmentsmightseem,however,amongthe

reportedcasesonly2,000werefoundguiltyoutof825,000,sowestillhavealongwaytogoinmakingsure

peopleobeytherules.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded“inpara.1mean?

A.Harmless.B.Processed.

C.Thrown.D.Long-lasting.

2.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongestbiodegradingterm?

A.Glassbottles.B.Tincans.

C.Cigarettebutts.D.Bananapeels.

3.VVhatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Theseverityofrubbishcanbemeasuredbyitslifetime.

B.Quiteafewpeoplewerefoundguiltyofillegallylittering.

C.EveryyearUKtaxpayersspend500millionpoundskeepingstreetsfreeofdirt.

D.Cigarette-relatedlitterandpeelscanbeignoredfbrtheirfairlyshortlifetime.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

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A.Toinformreadersofdifferentbiodegradingterms.

B.Tocallforpeoplenottolitterillegally.

C.Toencouragepeopletousefewerplasticbags.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofgoodbehavior.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨:作者呼吁人們不要亂扔垃圾。

1.C推測詞義題。根據(jù)上文“Ifyouweretothrowabananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledrivingalongthe

motorway,thatwouldbeacompletelyharmlessaction,duetothefactthatit'spartofafruit-right?”中的

“throw”推斷出discarded表示thrown的意思。

2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anorangepeel,aswellasacigarettebutt,hasasimilarbiodegrading(生

物降解)termtothatofabananapeel,buttincanslastupto100years;andplasticbottleslastforever,asdo

glassbottles.”可知,glassbottles的生物降解時間最長。

3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TokeepthestreetscleanannuallycostsUKtaxpayers￡500miHion”

可知每年英國納稅人需花費(fèi)五億英鎊來朵持街道干凈。

4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文所述，作者的寫作目的在于號召人們不要亂扔垃圾。

Passage7

We'veallbeenthere,whenareallyessentialitemthatyouhadtoorderonlinearrivesinsuchan

unbelievableamountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeit'sanunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.

It'smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnes

ofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two-thirdsofwhich

couldhaveinsteadbeenrecycled.

Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinfbraBIGshake-upinlinewith

the“polluterpaysprinciple^^.Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbe

encouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchas

possible.Otherwise,theywillhavetopayhigherfees.

ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)—meaningthatthosewhohave

controloverpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthe

beginningandconsiderwhathappensattheendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.

第11頁共116頁

Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,

companieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththe

associatedlittlecoststoo.

And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredto

putclearmandatory（強(qiáng)制性的）labellingonpackaging.Forexample,thiscouldbe“RECYCLE"or“DO

NOTRECYCLE”.Ofcourse,wehopethatthe"DONOTRECYCLE^^categorylabellingistheminority.Itis

aimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.

l.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Two-thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.

B.Over-packagingisoftenthecaseinlife.

C.Thcqualityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.

D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular.

2.Whowillberesponsiblefbrpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?

A.Designers.B.Producers.

C.Customers.D.Localauthorities.

3.WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?

A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclepackagingwaste.

B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.

C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.

0.Followthepackagingdesigntrendandtherightthings.

4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?

A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.

B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.

C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.

D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.

答案

［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨:為應(yīng)對過度包裝和包裝不能回收利用的

問題而制定的環(huán)保政策EPR和它可能帶來的影響與作用。

第12頁共116頁

1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“insuchanunbelievableamountofpackaging”和第二段中“10million

tonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear”可推知，第一、二段告訴我們過度包裝在生活

中是常有的事。

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“inlinewiththepolluterpaysprinciple'”和第五段中“companieswill

havetopayfbrmanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste”可知,按照新的法律，污染者,即產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者，將負(fù)

責(zé)支付包裝垃圾處理費(fèi)用。

3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptions

whicharerecyclableandreusable”和最后一段中“thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthat

producersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory（強(qiáng)制性的）labellingonpackaging”可知，新的EPR法令會促

使品牌所有者減少包裝浪費(fèi)，改善包裝回收利用狀況。

4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Ofcourse,wchopethatthe4DONOTRECYCLE,categorylabellingis

theminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.”可推知，未來網(wǎng)上訂購

的商品將用合適數(shù)量的可回收包裝打包遞送。

長難句Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillfbrhouseholdwaste

management,companieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemet

withtheassociatedlittlecoststoo.這意味著，不是由地方政府來為家庭垃圾管理買單，而是公司必須為家庭

包裝垃圾的管理買單，并承擔(dān)相關(guān)的少量費(fèi)用。

本句為并列復(fù)合句，句中what引導(dǎo)主語從句,that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在表語從句中連詞and連接并列分

句。

Passage8

ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpave

thewayfbrthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1

（PSGL-1）,whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit（抑制）IheprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingto

researchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.

However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL-1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu-anaccessory（附屬）

proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL-1toresistHIV.Furtherresearchisunderwayto

developadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL-1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,a

researcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.

第13頁共116頁

SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,

buttheviruscanalsoevade（避開）them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVin

multipleways-especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.

“Wcarcstartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule（分子）compoundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcan

restorePSGL-1'santi-HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeople

withHIV/A1DS,"hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfortheresearchtoreachthe

preclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.Theresearchwasconductedby

researchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityin

theUnitedStates.

ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferent

drugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultin

drugresistance.

Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNations

ProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversity

saidinastatement.

l.VVhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL-1fromthepassage?

A.BoththeproteinPSGL-1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.

B.PSGL-1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.

C.PSGL-Tsmoleculecompoundshavebeenidentified.

D.TheproteinPSGL-1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.

2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.

B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.

C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.

D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.

3.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.

B.Morepeoplearefacedwiththe