第01講-謂語動詞(外研版2019選擇必修1)(解析版)

第01講謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。學(xué)會正確運用時態(tài)語態(tài)考點。一、高中常見的幾種時態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般work(s)work(ed)willworkwouldwork進行am/is/areworkingwas/wereworkingwillbeworking完成have/hasdonehaddonewillhavedone完成進行have/hasbeendoing較難理解的幾種時態(tài)1.過去將來時woulddo：從過去看，在將來會發(fā)生的動作Hesaidthathewouldwaitforusuntilwearrived.IthoughtIwouldaccepthisproposal.2.過去進行時was/weredoing：指過去某個時刻正在進行的動作Whatwereyoudoingat2o’clockyesterdayafternoon?Whenhecalledme,Iwashavingdinner.將來進行時willbedoing:指將來某個時刻正在進行的動作Whatwillyoubedoingat10:00tomorrow?Thistimenextweek,I’llbetravellinginBeijing.現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasdone:表示動作從過去開始，到現(xiàn)在已完成或一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在Thecoronavirushasspreadaroundsince2019.Thecoronavirushasaffectedourlifeinthepastfewyears.Uptonow,thescientisthasnotfiguredoutthebestwaytobeatthevirus.5.過去完成時haddone:表示在過去某個時刻之前，就已經(jīng)完成了的動作BythetimeIwenthome,everyonehadgonetobed.Hehadworkedinacompanybeforehecameheretoteach.6.將來完成時willhavedone：表示在將來的某個時刻之前，將會完成的動作BynextSeptember,Iwillhavestayedinthisschoolfor15years.Bytheendofthissummercourse,youwillhavelearnedallthebasicknowledgeforthenewsemester.7.現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/hasbeendoing:強調(diào)動作從過去發(fā)生，到現(xiàn)在一直還在進行中Wehavebeendiscussingthequestionallthemorning.Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Be動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞(及物動詞短語也有被動語態(tài))。Be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化1.YouaretaughtEnglishbyIvyeveryday.(一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài))2.YouweretaughtEnglishbyyourformerteachershalfayearago(一般過去時被動語態(tài))3.YouarebeingtaughtEnglishbyIvynow.(現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài))4.YouwerebeingtaughtEnglishbyyourformerteachersthismomentlastyear.(過去進行時的被動語態(tài))5.YouwillbetaughtbyyourEnglishteacherinthenewschool.(一般將來時被動語態(tài))6.YouhavebeentaughtEnglishbyseveralteachersuptonow.(現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài))7.YouhadbeentaughtEnglishbysomeotherteachersbeforeyoucamehere.(過去完成時被動語態(tài))考點一：一般現(xiàn)在時：時間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,考點1：永恒的真理datebackto考點2：“主可將從必現(xiàn)”時間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;條件：if,unless,provided/providing(that),so/aslongas考點3：suggest,makesure/certainthat,seetoitthat等＋賓語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時考點4：the+比較級…,the+比較級…(越……就越……)例1．1.Ilearnedthattheearth_____aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.（go)2.Ifhe____thejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.(accept)3.Solongashe______hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.(work)4.Theharderyou_____,thebetterresultsyouwillget.(study)5.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.

【答案】arecalled考點二：一般過去時：時間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,long,longago,onceuponatime,etc.例2．ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___63___(address)theopeningceremony.【答案】addressed考查時態(tài)。句意：中國文化促進會會長在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。故填addressed。The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.

【答案】formedAnd,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood(need).

【答案】wasneededAmy,aswellasherbrothers,(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

【答案】wasgiven考點三：一般將來時：時間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,etc考點1：will+v.(原)begoingtodo考點2：某些表示“位置移動”的動詞：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用現(xiàn)在進行時形式表示將來。I______forBeijingtomorrow(leave).考點3：祈使句+and/or+陳述句Useyourheadandyou______away(find).句式變換(1)(Giveme)onemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.Moreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.句式變換(2)Givenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.例3．1._____onthetopofthetowerandyou’llenjoythesceneryofthewholecity.A.StandingB.StandC.TostandD.Stood2._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given考點四：現(xiàn)在完成時（重點）：have/hasdone;have/hasbeendone時間狀語：inthepast/lastfewyears,lately；recently,just，uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays，for+時間段；since+過去時間點例4．【針對練習(xí)】(全國課標(biāo)I)Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive考點1：It/This/Thatis+序數(shù)詞+time+that…表示“這是…第幾次做某事”考點2：Itistheonly/thebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名詞＋that…針對練習(xí):填空:1.It/ThisismyfirsttimethatI_____________China.(visit)2.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI_____________.(see)3.Thatistheonlybookthathe______________.(write)單項填空:(陜西)Thisisthefirsttimewe__________filminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen考點五：被動語態(tài)考查要點英語的語態(tài)有兩種，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表主語是動作的承受者。此主要講被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中主語是動作的承受者，也就是動作的對象。一般說來，只有及物動詞（短語）才有被動語態(tài)。漢語常用“被”“受”“給”“遭”“挨”等詞來表被動意義。動作執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出。被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:“助動詞be+過去分詞+by+動作執(zhí)行者+with+工具”。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是通過be動詞變化的。構(gòu)成：be/get+過去分詞一般完成進行現(xiàn)在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone過去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone過去將來should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone考點1）主動變被動時，賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加to。感官動詞：使役動詞：Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.___________________________________________________.考點2）Itissaid/reported/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…“據(jù)說/報道…;人們說…”=Sbissaid/reported/…todo/tobedoing/tobedone考點3）不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。①所有的不及物動詞（詞組）如：happen,takeplace,breakout等。②表示歸屬的動詞如：have、own、belongto等。考點4）主動形式表被動意義①feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系動詞用時；②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具備的某種特性時。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.Mypenwritessmoothly.③want,require,need“需要”+v-ing表示被動④be(well)worthdoing⑤在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent（出租）考點5）被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。beseated坐著Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.例5．【針對練習(xí)】（1)Microfibers(微纖維)ofjeans(discover)inwatersamplesinthepast6months.

【答案】havebeendiscovered（2）Thesecombinedletters,whichcouldrepresentthosesoundsandcould(write)down,aredefinedaswords.

【答案】bewritten（3）Theproject(make)upofa22.9-kilometre-longmainbridge,a5.6-kilometre-longtunnelandanartificialislandoffthebridge.

【答案】ismade（4）RestaurantsintheUSareplaceswherepeople(serve)withcoldwater,whichdoesn’thurtanyoneifitisspilledaccidentally.

【答案】areserved（5）It(damage)partlybynaturalforceslikeearthquakes,butthegreatestdamageofallhasbeencausedbyman.

【答案】hasbeendamaged題組一動詞時態(tài)(2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___43___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.2.(2022年全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___67___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.3.(2022年全國乙卷)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___63___(address)theopeningceremony.4.(2020新高考Ⅰ,38)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_______(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.

5.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,61)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

6.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ,66)Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand(point)downtheriver.

7.(2020浙江,61)Byabout6000BC,people(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

8.(2020浙江,65)Newmethods(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.

9.(2020江蘇,26)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.

10.(2020天津,2)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseI(practise)alotthesedays.

(2020天津,9)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand_______(remain)aroundthatleveleversince.

【答案】wasfixing考查動詞。句意：聽到尖叫聲時，亨利正在修車。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動詞。根據(jù)空后的whenheheardthescreams，可知，設(shè)空處的動作是正在發(fā)生的，同時該句描述的是過去的事實。故使用過去進行時。fix為動詞，意為“修理”，其過去進行時為wasfixing。故填wasfixing?！敬鸢浮縯hrew考查過去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一邊，伸出胳膊跑了起來。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處與空后的andstarted構(gòu)成并且結(jié)構(gòu)。故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。throw為動詞，意為“扔”，過去時為threw。故填threw?！敬鸢浮縣aswalked考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在過去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34個國家，2016年，他到達了乞力馬扎羅山頂，這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)時間狀語inthelastfiveyears可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語Cao為第三人稱單數(shù)，助動詞用has。故填haswalked?！敬鸢浮縜ddressed考查時態(tài)。句意：中國文化促進會會長在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。故填addressed?！敬鸢浮縡ormed【答案】touched【答案】pointed【答案】haddiscovered【答案】meant【答案】hadexpected【答案】havebeenpractising【答案】hasremained題組二被動語態(tài)1.(2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP___60___(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.(2020新高考Ⅰ,40)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.

3.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,67)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon(construct).”

4.(2020浙江,59)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood(need).

5.(2020天津,8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

【答案】isdesigned考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實性和完整性，保護生物多樣性，保護生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語TheGPNP之間為被動關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語單數(shù)，謂語單數(shù)形式。故填isdesigned。【答案】arecalled【答案】isconstructed【答案】wasneeded【答案】wasgivenB組提升題組語法填空Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest1.(admire)byeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,people2.(impress)withtheadobedwellingsbecauseoftheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.Wallsthat3.(make)ofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowlyduringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,theheat4.(give)outalreadyandwallsarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle5.(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.

【答案】1.areadmired2.areimpressed3.aremade4.hasbeengiven5.goes一、語法填空Oceanpollution1.(be)serious.Itcankilloceancreaturesandevenharmhumans.It’svitaltofocusonthisissueandfindwaystopreventpollutioninourwaters.

Pollutionintheoceansseverely2.(harm)seacreatures.Forexample,oceananimalsoftenmistakepiecesofplasticforfood.As3.result,theirbellies4.(fill)withplasticfrombottles,containersandbeachtoys.Thiscanbedeadlytotheanimals.

Oceanpollution5.(cause)riskstohumans,too.Pollutedwatercanresult6.diseaseamongswimmers.Also,peopleeatfishwhichmight7.(poison)withharmfulchemicalsfromoilleaksandrubbishinseawater.

Somepeoplemayarguethatoceanpollutionisnotserious,believingthattheoceansaresovastthattheycanabsorballkindsofpollution.However,themanyexamplesofoceancreatures8.(kill)bypollutionprovethemwrong.

In9.(conclude),it’sclearthatoceanpollutionisa10.(challenge)problem.Weneedtolearnmoreabouthowtostopit.

【答案】1.is2.harms3.a4.arefilled5.causes6.in7.bepoisoned8.killed9.conclusion10.challenging二．完成句子1.(2020新高考Ⅰ)LastSunday,(我們學(xué)校舉行了)afive-kilometercross-countryrunningrace.

【答案】ourschoolheld2.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)(我們周圍有很多人)whoarewellworthrespecting.

【答案】Therearemanypeoplearoundus3.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ)Ifpossible,(我們可以和你在你的辦公室見面嗎)at10a.m.tomorrow?

【答案】shallwemeetyouinyouroffice4.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)Surroundedbygreentrees,thefarm(位于……腳下)thehillnearourschool.

【答案】islocated/liesatthefootof5.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ)I(現(xiàn)在寫信向你求助)withourshortEnglishplayadaptedfromourEnglishtextbook.

【答案】amwritingtoaskforyourhelp6.(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)She(已經(jīng)取