2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題一閱讀理解第四講詞句猜測題-上下語境覓答案

第四講詞句猜測題——上下語境覓答案一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解[題型分析]詞句猜測題是高考閱讀理解的常考題型，這類題型針對(duì)語篇中一些關(guān)鍵性的單詞、短語或句子進(jìn)行設(shè)問，要求考生猜測其含義。這些需要猜測的單詞、短語或句子往往與上下文有緊密的邏輯關(guān)系，文章中往往會(huì)提供和這些詞句相關(guān)的定義解釋、提示詞或句子結(jié)構(gòu)等，考生做題時(shí)要善于尋找并捕捉這些隱性提示，并關(guān)聯(lián)上下文意進(jìn)行猜測。這類題型主要考查單詞或短語詞義、句意理解和代詞指代。[選項(xiàng)特征]1．正確選項(xiàng)特征(1)含義和其字面意思沒有任何關(guān)系；(2)上下文邏輯通順；(3)與原句意思最接近；(4)代入原文，最為得體。2．干擾選項(xiàng)特征(1)與所考詞匯形似；(2)如果考的是熟詞、舊詞，含有常規(guī)詞義或本來含義的往往是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)；(3)解釋中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項(xiàng)一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。二、方法技巧要知曉題型一詞句猜測題在文章中，任何一個(gè)單詞、短語或句子都不是孤立存在的，它總要通過上下文和文章其他內(nèi)容有著緊密的聯(lián)系，通過這些聯(lián)系可以猜測出單詞、短語或句子的意思。有時(shí)作者在闡述某人、某物或某一現(xiàn)象的特點(diǎn)時(shí)，先是一般地或概括性地說一下，然后再作具體的說明或解釋；或者反過來，先進(jìn)行具體的闡述，然后再歸納、總結(jié)。如果學(xué)生能抓住作者的思路，就能從那些具體的說明、解釋或歸納中找出猜詞或句的線索。鎖定語句前后尋找，充分利用上下文語境是解題關(guān)鍵。[典例1](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ閱讀D片段)Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32．Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inthisparagraphprobablymean?A．Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B．Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C．Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D．Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞thephrase“Inthewronghands”和inthisparagraph。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎貝爾有二十多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，她能將令人頭暈的東西轉(zhuǎn)化為容易理解的東西。利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義，畫線短語指的應(yīng)該是如果換一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)能力不如坎貝爾的人來寫這本書。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]C技法點(diǎn)撥：1．“語法關(guān)系”猜詞義[典例2](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C片段)Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.C．Check-in. D．Take-over.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞underlinedword“declutter”和paragraph3。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第三段中的“Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.”可知，畫線詞的下一句就是對(duì)thedigitaldeclutter的解釋，根據(jù)下文中的stepawayfrom可知，畫線詞意為“清除、清理”。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]A技法點(diǎn)撥：2．“邏輯關(guān)系”猜詞義[典例3]“ThisisoneofthemostcreativeandvaluabletechnologiesthatI'veseenasafarmer，”saidJamesJohnsonofCarzaliaFarminastatement,whohasusedCarbonRobotics'technologyonhisfarm.“Iexpecttherobotstogomainstreambecauseofhoweffectivelytheyaddresssomeoffarming'smostcriticalissues,includingtheoveruseofchemicals,processefficiency,andlabor.Theskyisthelimit.”It'snosurprisethatthe2021modeloftheAutonomousWeederhasalreadysoldout,evenconsideringitspricetagwhichwasquotedat“hundredsofthousandsofdollars”．Thede-weedingmethodoftherobotisCertifiedOrganicandinlinewithregenerativefarmingpractices.Cost-effectiveweedcontrolisthebiggestbarriertoentrywithorganicfarming,andagriculturalistslookingtomaketheswitchfinallyhaveanalternativetohelpthemgettheirvegetablesouttopeople.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Theskyisthelimit.”meaninparagraph4?A．Therobotswon'tspreadwidely.B．Theinventionisverypromising.C．Theweederaddresseslimitedissues.D．Thetechnologyneedsfurtherimprovement.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，尋找關(guān)鍵詞theunderlinedsentence“Theskyisthelimit.”和paragraph4。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第四段中的“It'snosurprisethatthe2021modeloftheAutonomousWeederhasalreadysoldout,evenconsideringitspricetagwhichwasquotedat‘hundredsofthousandsofdollars’．”可知，該除草機(jī)非常實(shí)用，2021款除草機(jī)已經(jīng)賣完，該句是對(duì)畫線句的進(jìn)一步解釋說明，由此可知，畫線句應(yīng)意為“這項(xiàng)發(fā)明很有前景”。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]B技法點(diǎn)撥：3．“語境吻合”猜句意題型二代詞指代題在文章中，為了避免語意的重復(fù)，常用一些代詞指代上文所說的人或事。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，熟悉代詞的含義十分重要。代詞多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般來講，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答這類題目的時(shí)候要遵循“就近原則”，找出離代詞最近的名詞、詞組或句子等，當(dāng)然有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能找出代詞所指代的事物。[典例4](2024·浙江卷1月閱讀B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24．Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay. B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa. D．Thetelephonebox.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞theword“it”和underlinedinthefirstparagraph。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文本段第五句。根據(jù)“就近原則”和代詞所指代的內(nèi)容一般出現(xiàn)在前面的句子中，且it表單數(shù)概念可知，此處指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點(diǎn)，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]B技法點(diǎn)撥：A體裁主題語境難度記敘文拾荒老人收集書籍★★★☆☆(2024·梅州二模)Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrez.HeisbringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombianchildren.Gutierrezstartedsavingbooksfromthetrash27yearsago.Hewasdrivingagarbagetruckatnightthroughthecountry'sricherneighborhoods.Thebooksthatwerethrownawayslowlypiledup.Nowthegroundfloorofhissmallhouseisacommunitylibrary.Itisstacked(堆放)fromfloortoceiling.Theyrangefromchemistrytextbookstochildren'sclassics.Booksareluxuriesforboysandgirlsinlow-incomeneighborhoods.Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensive.Thereare19publiclibrariesinBogota,acityof8.5millionpeople.Butthelibrariestendtobelocatedfarawayfrompoorerareas.“Theyshouldbeinallneighborhoodsandoneachcornerofeveryneighborhood，”the60-year-oldsays.“Bookscansaveus.ThatiswhatColombianeeds.”Gutierrezhasaloveofreading,whichcomesfromhismother.Shealwaysreadtohimeventhoughshewastoopoortokeephiminschool.GutierrezisakeenreaderofworksbyauthorssuchasLeoTolstoyandVictorHugo.HisfavoritebooksincludeOneHundredYearsofSolitudeandTheGeneralinHisLabyrinthbyColombia'sNobelPrize-winningnovelistGabrielGarciaMarquez.ThefirstbookGutierrezfoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovelAnnaKarenina.TheTolstoybookwaslaterjoinedbyTheLittlePrince,Sophie'sWorld,TheIliadandanumberofnovels.Today,hehascollectedaround25，000books.Now,Gutierrezstilllooksthroughtherubbishforadditionstohislibrary,named“TheStrengthofWords”.HisfameasColombia's“LordoftheBooks”hashelpedalot.Ithasbroughthimthousandsofdonatedbooks.Hehassentmanytootherlibrariesaroundthecountry.Moreover,GutierrezhastraveledtobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosharehisexperienceofstartingalibrarywiththebooksthatarethrownaway.Gutierrezsayshedoesn'trejecttechnologythatallowsbookstobereaddigitally.Buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordsonpaper.“Thereisnothingmorebeautifulthanhavingabookinyourpocket,inyourbagorinsideyourcar.”【語篇解讀】文章講述了60歲的拾荒者約瑟·古鐵雷斯二十多年來，一直將垃圾中的書籍保留下來并提供給哥倫比亞的孩子們的故事。1．HowoldwasGutierrezwhenhestartedsavingbooksfromthetrash?A．Inhistwenties. B．Inhisthirties.C．Inhisforties. D．Inhisfifties.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Gutierrezstartedsavingbooksfromthetrash27yearsago.”和第三段中的“the60-year-oldsays”可知，古鐵雷斯三十幾歲時(shí)開始從垃圾桶里撿書。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inparagraph3referto?A．Luxurybooks. B．Garbagetrucks.C．Publiclibraries. D．Poorareas.C代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的前兩句可知，畫線詞They指代上文的publiclibraries。3．WhatdidthebookAnnaKareninameantoGutierrez?A．Thebeginningofhischarityproject.B．Awindowtotheworld.C．Oneofhisgreatestachievementsinlife.D．Somecomfortindifficulttimes.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古鐵雷斯收集的第一本書，之后他又收集了大約25000本書。由此可推知，這本書對(duì)古鐵雷斯來說意味著他慈善事業(yè)的開始。4．WhichofthefollowingsayingsdoesGutierrez'sstoryleadustobelieve?A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B．Agoodbookcanshinealightuponthesoul.C．Oneman'strashisanotherman'streasure.D．Thepalestinkisbetterthanthebestmemory.C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了60歲的拾荒者約瑟·古鐵雷斯二十多年來，一直將垃圾桶中的書籍保留下來并提供給哥倫比亞低收入家庭的孩子們的故事，由此可推知，古鐵雷斯的故事讓我們相信“一個(gè)人的垃圾可能是另一個(gè)人的財(cái)富”。B體裁主題語境難度說明文激發(fā)孩子的慷慨★★★★☆(2024·合肥二模)Researcherssetupanexperimentinwhich5-year-oldsweretestedwiththeirfellowsunderdifferentcircumstancesoftransparency(透明)anddifferentaudiences.Theysetupastickermachinethatinsomesettingswastransparent,andothersettingsinwhichonlythegiverofstickersknewhowmanystickershecouldgive.Theyhadchildrengiveoutstickersinbothsettings.Theresultswerestriking:Childrenwereconsistentlygenerousonlywhenthereceiverandaudienceofthestickerswerefullyawareofthedonationoptions.Childrenwerenotablyungenerouswhenthereceiverofstickerscouldn'tseetheoptions.Theresearcherssaid,“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehaviorinourstudyintheconditionwhentheycouldseethereceiverandtheirallocations(分配物)werefullyvisible;inallotherconditions,childrenwerestatisticallyungenerous,givingthereceiverthesmalleramountofstickers.”Theymadetheconclusionsthatataveryearlyage,childrenarelearninghowtopositionthemselvessocially.Wellbeforetheyapprehendthesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans,theythinkstrategicallyaboutgivingasafunctionofhowtheycangainareputationwithapeerasagenerouscitizenorpro-socialagentwhenthereceiverobservesthem.Childrenchangetheirbehaviorinresponsetohavinganaudience.Helpchildrengivetoothersinfullview,deliveringmealstofamilies,andinprivate,droppingofftreatsorsurprisesforthosewhoneedsupportwithoutsigningtheirnames.Also,childrenshouldberemindedthatthank-younotesarelovelybutunnecessarytoreceive.Whenwegivegiftsorlendhelptoothers,trytohelpchildrenrememberwhytheyshouldprovidesomethingforanother.Itreallydoesn'thavetoberecognized.Whenathank-youcarddoesn'tcome,itdoesn'tmakeagiftanylessvaluableormeaningfulforthosewhowereluckyenoughtoreceive.【語篇解讀】研究表明，當(dāng)別人意識(shí)到孩子的捐贈(zèng)行為時(shí)，孩子會(huì)更慷慨。文章介紹了這一研究結(jié)果并就如何從小培養(yǎng)慷慨提出了建議。5．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscover?A．Thegivers'behaviorgreatlyinspiredthereceiverstohelpinreturn.B．Thechildrengaveoutanequalnumberofstickersinbothsettings.C．Thepresenceofanaudienceaffectedchildren'sdecisionstogive.D．Donatinghelpedchildrentobecomemoregenerousinthefuture.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Childrenwereconsistentlygenerous...whenthereceiverofstickerscouldn'tseetheoptions.”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)觀眾的存在影響了孩子們所做的決定。6．Whichispro-socialbehavioraccordingtotheresearchers?A．Observingthegivers.B．Donatingmorestickers.C．Gainingareputation.D．Receivingmoreallocations.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehavior...werefullyvisible”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為捐贈(zèng)更多貼紙是親社會(huì)行為。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehend”inparagraph3mean?A．Share. B．Predict.C．Confirm. D．Understand.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theymadetheconclusionsthat...positionthemselvessocially.”及畫線詞后的“thesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans”可知，孩子們早在他們理解網(wǎng)絡(luò)的社會(huì)學(xué)以及社會(huì)聲譽(yù)的真正含義之前就在學(xué)習(xí)如何在社會(huì)上定位自己。apprehend意為“理解”。8．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Tosuggestrecognizingothers'kindness.B．Toacknowledgethegiver'scontribution.C．Toconfirmthebenefitsofbeinggrateful.D．Toadviseinspiringgenerosityinchildren.D寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，最后一段就從小培養(yǎng)孩子的慷慨提出建議。專題強(qiáng)化練(十一)A(2024·南京二模)Asanycatownerwilltellyou,talkingtoyourcatistotallynormal.Andeventhoughfeline(貓)friendsmayseemdistanttotheseadoringtalks,anewstudyinAnimalCognitionsuggeststheyarereallylistening.ResearchersinFranceexposedhousecatstorecordingsoftheirownerorastrangersayingphrasesincat-orhuman-directedspeech—Likebabytalk,cat-directedspeechistypicallyhigherpitchedwithshort,repetitivephrases.Theteamfoundthatfelinestendedtoreacttotheirownerspeakingincat-directedspeech—butnottotheirownerspeakinginadulttonesortoastrangerusingeitheradult-orcat-directedspeech.Previousresearchhadshownsimilarfindingsindogs,butmuchlessisknownwhenitcomestocats.“Somepeoplestillconsidercatsindependent—youcannothavearealrelationshipwithcats，”saysleadstudyauthorCharlotteMouzon,acatbehavioristattheUniversityofParisNanterre.Somepeoplemightbeembarrassedaboutusingspecialvocalizationsforcats,shesays,butthisresearchshows“peopleshouldn'tbeashamed”．Mouzonandherteamrecorded16catownerssayingsuchas“Doyouwanttoplay？”or“Doyouwantatreat？”incat-andhuman-directedspeech.Thentheyfilmedeachcatbefore,duringandafterplayingitaseriesofrecordingsofitsownerandotherowners'speech.Theresearchersusedsoftwaretoratethecats'reactionsfrommultipledimensions,makingtheresultmoreconvincing.“Althoughcatshaveareputationforignoringtheirowners,agrowingbodyofresearchindicatesthatcatspaycloseattentiontohumans，”saysKristynVitale,acatbehaviorscientistatUnityCollegeinMaine,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Catscanlearnthatspecificspeechhascertainmeanings.”Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究認(rèn)為和寵物貓用特殊語調(diào)說話是有效的，會(huì)受到寵物貓關(guān)注。1．Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdohousecatsrespondobviouslyto?A．Theowner'scat-directedtone.B．Astranger'shuman-directedtalks.C．Astranger'scat-directedrecordings.D．Theowner'shuman-directedspeech.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，寵物貓對(duì)主人的貓式語氣反應(yīng)明顯。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vocalizations”meaninparagraph3?A．Strategies. B．Trainings.C．Sounds. D．Rhymes.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹的研究內(nèi)容與人對(duì)貓說話的語氣有關(guān)，結(jié)合畫線詞所在句語境可知，此處指有些人可能會(huì)因?qū)ω埵褂锰厥獾穆曇舾械綄擂?，畫線詞的意思為“聲音”。3．WhatmakesMouzon'sfindingsmorereliable?A．Continuousfilmingofcats'responses. B．Comprehensiveanalysesbackedbysoftware.C．Multi-dimensionalevaluationsofcats'habits. D．Furtherreferencetopreviousstudiesondogs.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchersusedsoftware...makingtheresultmoreconvincing.”可知，該研究有計(jì)算機(jī)軟件支持，從多方面對(duì)貓的反應(yīng)進(jìn)行了綜合分析，這使得穆宗的研究更加可靠。4．WhatisthelimitationofMouzon'sresearch?A．Lackofsampletypes.B．Absenceofowners'support.C．Absenceofscientifictools.D．Lackofexperts'involvement.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.”可知，雖然試驗(yàn)對(duì)貓有一定參考意義，但未來的研究還需要拓寬樣本的數(shù)量和種類。B(2024·東陽5月模擬)Dr.TamaraScully,apsychologistwhoworkswithchildren,youngpeopleandadults,shareshowgrandparentscanhelpchildren'swell-being.Itisdifficulttosearchfortheanswertothemainmentalhealthchallengesfacingchildren.Overthepasttwoyears,therehasbeenanincreaseinchildandadolescentmentalhealthdifficulties.Inparticular,therehasbeenasignificantincreaseinanxietyandeatingdisorders.Youngpeoplearealsoreportingamuchhigherlevelofsolitude(孤獨(dú)),whichmayarisefromspendingtoomuchtimeoncellphones,televisionsandcomputers.Allthesewilldeeplyaffecthowtheybehaveintheirdailylife.Andit'sabsolutelynormalforyoungpeopletomoveupanddownthementalhealthcurve(曲線).“Wegetconcernedwhenwenoticebigchangesintheirbehaviorthatdon'tpassinafewweeks.Forexample,grandchildrenstopmeetingfriends,stayintheirbedroomorloseinterestinthingstheyusedtoenjoy，”saidScully.Sowhatrolecangrandparentsplayinensuringtheirgrandchildren'swell-being?AccordingtoScully,themostimportantthinggrandparentscanofferissimplythemselves,justbeingthere,listeningandaccepting.There'salovelysayingthatittakesavillagetoraiseachild.Relationshipsarethebiggestpredictorsofhappinessandsuccessthroughoutthewholelife.Strongpositiverelationshipsbuildresilience(抗逆力)inouryoungpeople.Grandparentsshouldalsobepresentandgivetheirtime.Theycangivetheirtimedirectlytotheirgrandchildrenandtotheirownchildren.Aparentwhoisallowedtimetorefuelwillshowupasabetterparent.Theycanhelptheirgrandchildrenbybeingontheirteamandsittingwiththemwhentimesaretough.Allchildrenbenefitfromsomethingcalledrelationalwealthandthisisagrandparent'smostimportantcontributiontothegrowthoftheiryoungergenerations.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了祖父母在確保孫輩幸福方面如何發(fā)揮作用。5．Whydoyoungpeoplesufferfromincreasingloneliness?A．Theyhavelessnon-screentime.B．Theypreferenjoyingvarioustake-out.C．Theyfailtoconqueremotionaldisorders.D．Theyconcentratemoreonupsthandowns.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Youngpeoplearealsoreportingamuchhigherlevelofsolitude...televisionsandcomputers.”可知，越來越多的年輕人感到孤獨(dú)是由于他們花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間在手機(jī)、電視和電腦上，因此，他們擁有更少的非屏幕時(shí)間。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4mean?A．Childrenshouldformgreatresilience.B．Childrenshouldlearntopredicttheirsuccess.C．Childrenshouldbebroughtupbyallvillagers.D．Childrenshouldgrowupinaharmoniousrelationship.D句意猜測題。根據(jù)畫線句下文“Relationshipsarethebiggestpredictors...buildresilienceinouryoungpeople.”可知，此處是描述人際關(guān)系對(duì)于確保孫輩幸福的積極意義，由此可推知，畫線句意為“孩子應(yīng)該在一個(gè)和諧的關(guān)系中成長”。7．WhatistheattitudeofScullytowardlisteningtograndchildren?A．Disapproved. B．Favorable.C．Tolerant. D．Skeptical.B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的“AccordingtoScully,themostimportant...listeningandaccepting.”可知，斯庫利認(rèn)為祖父母能提供給孫輩的最重要的東西就是他們自己，只要在那里、傾聽和接受(就可以)，由此可推知，斯庫利對(duì)于傾聽孫輩持支持態(tài)度。8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howtoaccepttheyouthoftoday.B．Howtobeaqualifiedgrandparent.C．Howtohelpgrandchildren'swelfare.D．Howtotacklethementalhealthchallenges.C主旨大意題。通讀全文并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了祖父母在確保孫輩幸福方面如何發(fā)揮作用，C項(xiàng)能夠總結(jié)文章大意。C(2024·南京師大附中一模)OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.The57-year-oldMarylandresidenthadbeenhospitalizedformonthsduetoalifethreateningdisease.Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.Bennett'sconditionlefthimunresponsivetotreatmentandineligible(不合格)forthetransplant(移植)listoranartificialheartpump.Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother—alsorisky—option:transplantaheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant，”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.“Iwanttolive.Iknowit'sashotinthedark,butit'salsomylastchoice.”Ittookthemedicalteameighthourstofinishtheoperation,makingBennettthefirsthumantosuccessfullyreceiveapig'sheart.“It'sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon'tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore，”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Whileit'sonlybeenfivedayssincetheoperation,thesurgeonssaythatBennett'snewpigheartwas,sofar,functioningasexpectedandhisbodywasn'trejecting(排斥)theorgan.Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.“Ithinkit'sextremelyexciting，”saysRobertMontgomery,atransplantsurgeonanddirectoroftheNYULangoneTransplantInstitute,whowasnotinvolvedinBennett'soperation.TheresultoftheprocedurewasalsopersonallymeaningfulforMontgomery,whoreceivedahearttransplantin2018duetoageneticdiseasethatmayalsoaffectmembersofhisfamilyinthefuture.“It'sstillintheearlydays,butstilltheheartseemstobefunctioning.Andthatinandofitselfisanextraordinarything.Uptonowmostexperimentalhearttransplantprocedureshavebeendonebetweenpigsandotheranimals.Thisisthefirsttimethatsurgeonshavetakenitintoalivinghuman.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了全球首個(gè)成功地將豬心移植到活人體內(nèi)的手術(shù)案例。9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ashotinthedark”inparagraph3mean?A．Somethingthatcostsafortune.B．Somethingimpossibletosucceed.C．Somethingdrawingpublicattention.D．Somethingwithanuncertainoutcome.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語上文“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant”可推知，班尼特不確定手術(shù)是否成功。由此可推知，畫線短語ashotinthedark的意思是“結(jié)果不確定的事情”。10．WhatisBarkleyGriffith'sattitudetoBennett'spost-operationcondition?A．Negative. B．Cautious.C．Optimistic. D．Uncaring.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Wearethrilled,butwedon'tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.”及第五段中的“Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.”可推知，巴克利·格里菲斯對(duì)班尼特的術(shù)后情況十分謹(jǐn)慎。11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theheateddebateoverthepighearttransplant.B．DavidBennett'scontributiontomedicalresearch.C．Thefirstexperimentalpighearttransplantintheworld.D．Thefirstsuccessfulpighearttransplantintoalivinghuman.D主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了全球首個(gè)成功地將豬心移植到活人體內(nèi)的手術(shù)案例。12．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythispassageappear?A．PoliticalAffairs. B．GlobalEntertainment.C．Sci-TechFront. D．FinancialWindow.C文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了全球首個(gè)成功地將豬心移植到活人體內(nèi)的手術(shù)案例。由此可推知，這篇文章也許會(huì)出現(xiàn)在雜志的科技前沿部分。專題強(qiáng)化練(十二)A(2024·浙江6月適應(yīng)性考試)Duringmyfirstyearincollege,Iwassilent.Iwastooafraidofsayingsomethingwrong.IdeclaredareligionmajorasasophomoreandtookaclassfromBarbara,ayoungtheologian.MymindwassplitopenbyarangeofnewthinkersandwritersandbythequalityofBarbara'squestions,Ifinallyhadsomethingtosayandtheenergytosayit.IwasafrequentvisitorduringBarbara'sofficehours,arocketofwords.Shelistenedandcalmlyresponded,aperfectcontrasttomyfeverishramblings.Ilovedwhatshesawinme,whichwasarangeofabilitiesIhadneverseeninmyself.Inthefollowingyears,ourrelationshipgraduallydeepened,butIwasalwaysconsciousofateacher-studentdynamic.ThischangedfundamentallywhenIbecameaparent.IhadmysoninMarch2010,andBarbarawasoneofthefirsttocongratulateme.When,ninemonthslater,mychildwasdiagnosedwithTay-Sachsdisease,arareandalwaysterminalillnesswithnotreatmentandnocure,shesentmealetter-handwrittenonawhitelegalpad.Forthenexttwoandahalfyears,Barbarawrotemeregular,sometimesweekly,letters,remarkablelettersthatwererevealing,loving,andkind.Theletterwrittenrightbeforemysondied,whenhewasthree,wasthemostpersonalandperhapsthemostprofound.“Ithinkhe'smadeyoubetterbyopeningupthegreatfireofyourlove，”shewrote,“withhissmallbutmagnificentexistence.”Ihaveneverinmylifereadamoredeeplycomfortingsentence,onethatspoketomygrandesthopes,mydeepestfears,andtheonlyfaiththatremainstome,whichisabeliefinchaos.Ourlovehadbloomedanddeepenedfromaguardedmutualrespecttoaricher,deeperfriendship.Mentorsaremeanttoleadthoseintheirchargeintofreshunderstanding,helpthemsortandfilternewexperiences,assistintheprojectofmakingsenseoutofthechaosthatinhumanlife.Mentorsobserveandaccompanythedarkestdespair,thewildestsorrow,andthemostunexpectedjoy.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了導(dǎo)師對(duì)作者的鼓舞和幫助的故事，從而表達(dá)了自己對(duì)導(dǎo)師深深的感激之情。1．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Theauthortooktheclassbecausesheexcelledintheology.B．TherelationshipbetweenBarbaraandtheauthorchangedsignificantlybeyondateacher-studentmode.C．TheauthorwasafrequentvisitortoBarbara'shomeafterworkinghours.D．Barbara'speacefulexteriorwasacontrasttotheauthor'soverexcitedtalk.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shelistenedandcalmlyresponded,aperfectcontrasttomyfeverishramblings.”可知，芭芭拉平靜的答復(fù)與作者激動(dòng)的話語形成了對(duì)比。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph3referto?A．ThewayBarbaratreatedherstudents. B．Thefactthattheauthorkeptsilentinclass.C．Theroleoftheauthorasacollegestudent. D．TherelationshipbetweenBarbaraandtheauthor.D代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞上一段最后一句“Inthefollowingyears,ourrelationshipgraduallydeepened,butIwasalwaysconsciousofateacher-studentdynamic.”可知，作者一直感受到自己和芭芭拉之間的師生情。由此可推知，畫線詞This指的正是兩人之間的關(guān)系。3．WhattransformedtherelationshipbetweenBarbaraandtheauthorfromamutualrespecttoadeeperfriendship?A．Barbara'seffortstosolvetheproblem.B．Barbara'ssympathyshownintheletter.C．Theauthor'sin-depthunderstandingofBarbara.D．Barbara'scongratulationsonthebirthoftheauthor'sson.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“Ourlovehadbloomedanddeepenedfromaguardedmutualrespecttoaricher,deeperfriendship.”可知，芭芭拉在信中所表現(xiàn)出來的同情使得兩人之間的關(guān)系從互相尊重變成了更深層次的友誼。4．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBarbara?A．Demandinganddedicated.B．Responsibleandreasonable.C．Insightfulandinspiring.D．Aggressiveandambitious.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，芭芭拉的問題觸動(dòng)了作者的思想，由此可推知，芭芭拉很有見解；根據(jù)第四段第三句可知，芭芭拉的信令人寬慰，由此可推知，芭芭拉很會(huì)鼓舞人。B(2024·潮州質(zhì)檢)Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentrance,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall.“Haveyoureadthemall？”heaskedme,almostfrightened.“Yes，”Isaid，“justabout.”Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技藝)thathaddemandedsomeeffort.Asforhim,hehadhadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyeverrecalledseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.Ioftenrecallthisscenewithmycousinwithunease.Ithidesanotherviolentone.Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor“notbeinginterestedinanything”，forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously，“Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon'tneedthemtolive.”Thesewordsstretchacrosstime,fixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexanderDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacafeowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—“culturalbaggage”—thatincludedthetheatre,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatanditwasunacceptable.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather'swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolivebutIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在文章中回憶了幾年前她的堂兄知道她差不多讀完整面墻的書后非常吃驚的場景，以及作者與父親在閱讀這一問題上的分歧并表達(dá)了自己的看法。5．Whatdoesparagraph1tellusabouttheauthor?A．Herhavingreadmanybooksamazedhercousin.B．Hercousinquitschoolearlyandhadnobooksatall.C．Shecompletelyfinishedreadingthebooksontheshelves.D．Hercousinwasfrightenedtodeathuponseei