專題09-文化教育篇(解析版)

專題09文化教育篇Text81（2022秋·江蘇徐州·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Asyouprobablyknow,learningaforeignlanguageissometimeschallenging.Butitcanalsobefun.Wespendhundredsofhoursatschooltryingtogetourtonguesrounddifferentvocabularyandgrammarinordertoearnaqualification.Butlearningtospeakasecondlanguageismorethanjustpassinganexam-itopensdoorstonewopportunities,helpsyoutocommunicatewithothersandmakestravellingoverseasmoresatisfactory.ItmightcomeasasurprisethatthenumberofteenagerslearningforeignlanguagesinUKsecondaryschoolshasdroppedby45%sincetheturnofthemillennium.GermanandFrenchhavefallenthemost-theselanguagesfromtwooftheUK’sclosesttradingpartnershavedeclinedatGCSElevel.AnothersurveyofsecondaryschoolssuggestsathirdofstudentshavedroppedatleastonelanguagefromtheirGCSEexamoptions.Therearesomereasonsforthis,includingmanystudents’opinionthatlanguagesaredifficult.Othershavequestionedtheneedforasecondlanguagewhentranslationtechnologyisadvancing.MatthewFell,chiefUKpolicydirectorforbusinessgrouptheCBI,believesthat“Thedeclineinlanguagelearninginschoolsmustbereversed,orelsetheUKwillbelesscompetitivegloballyandyoungpeoplelesspreparedforthemodernworld.”Butevenforthosewhoareeagertostudyanotherlanguage,theopportunityisbeingreduced.InScotland,forexample,foreignlanguagesubjectsarebeingpressedoutofmanysecondaryschooltimetableswithsomeheadteachersblamingpressureonthecurriculum.However,somenativeEnglishspeakershaveadmittedthebenefitsofspeakinganothertongue.CassandraScott,fromEdinburgh,studiedthreelanguagesinherfinalyearatschool.SheisnowafreelancetranslatorinEdinburgh,andsays“Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecourseformycareer.”1．Howdoestheauthorshowthefactthatfewerpeoplehavelearnedforeignlanguages?A．Byofferingbackgroundinformation.B．Bygivingspecificexamples.C．Byanalyzingunderlyingreasons.D．Byshowingpersonalresearch.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reversed”inparagraph3mean?A．Developedrapidly.B．Pushedquickly.C．Changedcompletely.D．Maintainedproperly.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afulfillingoverseastravelrequiresanotherforeignlanguage.B．Learninglanguagesatschoolmaycontributetoone’sfuturecareer.C．NativeEnglishspeakersbenefitmorefromspeakinganothertongue.D．Withthetranslationtechnology,there’snoneedtolearnforeignlanguages.4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocriticizepeople’signoranceofforeignlanguages.B．Tostressthesignificanceoflearningforeignlanguages.C．Tostatetheresultofdroppinglearningforeignlanguages.D．Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingnativelanguages.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。作者通過具體事例說明了學(xué)習(xí)外語的重要性。1．【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前三句“ItmightcomeasasurprisethatthenumberofteenagerslearningforeignlanguagesinUKsecondaryschoolshasdroppedby45%sincetheturnofthemillennium.GermanandFrenchhavefallenthemost-theselanguagesfromtwooftheUK’sclosesttradingpartnershavedeclinedatGCSElevel.AnothersurveyofsecondaryschoolssuggestsathirdofstudentshavedroppedatleastonelanguagefromtheirGCSEexamoptions.(自千禧年以來，在英國中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)外語的青少年人數(shù)下降了45%，這可能令人驚訝。德語和法語作為英國最親密的兩個(gè)貿(mào)易伙伴的語言，是下降最多的語言。另一項(xiàng)針對中學(xué)的調(diào)查顯示，三分之一的學(xué)生在GCSE考試中至少放棄了一門語言)”可知，作者通過舉例說明了學(xué)習(xí)外語的人變少了。故選B。2．【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句的后半句“orelsetheUKwillbelesscompetitivegloballyandyoungpeoplelesspreparedforthemodernworld.(否則英國的全球競爭力將降低，年輕人面對現(xiàn)代世界的準(zhǔn)備也將不充分)”可推知，如果學(xué)習(xí)外語人數(shù)減少的狀況得不到改變的話就會(huì)導(dǎo)致這樣的后果，由此可推知，劃線詞reversed與C項(xiàng)Changedcompletely“完全改變”表達(dá)的意思相近。故選C。3．【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“SheisnowafreelancetranslatorinEdinburgh,andsays“Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecourseformycareer.”(她現(xiàn)在是愛丁堡的一名自由譯者，她說：“在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)外語真的為我的職業(yè)生涯定下了方向?！?”可知，學(xué)習(xí)外語對一個(gè)人的職業(yè)生涯是有幫助的。故選B。4．【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“MatthewFell,chiefUKpolicydirectorforbusinessgrouptheCBI,believesthat“Thedeclineinlanguagelearninginschoolsmustbereversed,orelsetheUKwillbelesscompetitivegloballyandyoungpeoplelesspreparedforthemodernworld.”(英國工商界聯(lián)合會(huì)（CBI）英國首席政策總監(jiān)MatthewFell認(rèn)為，“必須扭轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)校語言學(xué)習(xí)下降的趨勢，否則英國的全球競爭力將降低，年輕人面對現(xiàn)代世界的準(zhǔn)備也將不充分?！?”及最后一段最后一句“SheisnowafreelancetranslatorinEdinburgh,andsays“Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecourseformycareer.”(她現(xiàn)在是愛丁堡的一名自由譯者，她說：“在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)語言真的為我的職業(yè)生涯定下了方向。”)”可知，作者引用別人的話以說明學(xué)習(xí)外語的重要性，因此本文的目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)外語的重要性。故選B。Text832（2022秋·河北石家莊·高一石家莊一中?？茧A段練習(xí)）Beingateenagercanbehard,foryouhavetofacealotofdifficultproblems,butanewprogramcalledNfusionisworkinghardtohelpteenswithmentalhealthneeds.Nfusiongivesteenagersclasseswheretheystudyordiscusssometroublingsubjects.Drugsandbullying(欺凌)arejustafewofthetopicsthatarediscussedduringtheclassonSaturday.“Ihadabadattitude,”said17-year-oldTiteanaDavis.DaviswentthroughtheNfusionProgramlastyear.Theteen,whooncehadtroublewithherattitudetowardsothers,saystheprogramhaschangedherlife,“Theytaughtmethatabadattitudeisnotgoingtogetyouanywhere.Itdoesn’tmatterifotherpeopletreatyouwrong;youstilltreatthemhowyouwanttobetreatedandithelpedmealot”saidDavis.Nfusionisanewprogramthatmeetsteens’mentalhealthneedsandprovideshelpfortheirfamilies.Theprogramisdesignedtohelpteensaged14-21livethroughadifficultperiod.“They’restillgrowing,stilldevelopingandstilltherearealotofthingstheydon’tknowhowtoaddress.Sothisisagoodprogramforthemtobeapartof,”saidLakichaJernigan,whoworkedfortheNfusionProgram.TeenslikeDavisarejustafewwhohavecomethroughtheprogramsuccessfully.Now,thankstoNfusion,Davissaysshe’slookingforwardtoabrightfuture.“AfterIgraduatefromcollege,IwanttoworkataprimaryschoolandIwanttobeasecond-gradeteacher,”addedDavis.NfusionisaSystemofCareinitiative(倡議)andisworkingwiththeMississippiTransitionalOutreachProject,aprojectoftheMississippiDepartmentofMentalHealth.TheSystemofCareprovidescommunity-basedservicestohelpyouthwithseriousmentalhealthneedsandtheirfamilies.5．What’sthepurposeofNfusion?A．Toprovideteenswithsomeprograms.B．Tohelpteensfightforabettercareer.C．Tohelpteensreceiveagoodeducation.D．Tomeetthementalhealthneedsofteens.6．WhatcanweknowaboutTiteanaDavisbeforeNfusion?A．Shedidn’tgotoschoolasoftenasherparentsexpectedherto.B．Sheoftenhadfightswithherclassmatesandneighbors.C．Shedidn’ttakearightattitudetowardspeoplearoundher.D．Sheoftenforgotthingsandmisunderstoodherparents.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“address”inParagraph3mean?A．Lookfor. B．Dealwith.C．Cutout. D．Learnfrom.8．WhathappenedtoDavisaftergoingthroughNfusion?A．Shebecameateacher. B．SheworkedforNfusion.C．Shewentbacktoschool. D．Shegotalongwithothers.【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是一個(gè)幫助青少年解決精神健康問題的名為Nfusion的組織，它給青少年提供研究和討論自己問題的平臺，并有青少年談了自己從中獲益的經(jīng)歷。5．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Beingateenagercanbehard,foryouhavetofacealotofdifficultproblems,butanewprogramcalledNfusionisworkinghardtohelpteenswithmentalhealthneeds.(作為一名青少年可能很艱難，因?yàn)槟惚仨毭鎸芏嚯y題，但一個(gè)名為Nfusion的新項(xiàng)目正在努力幫助有心理健康需求的青少年。)”可知，Nfusion的目的是滿足青少年的心理健康需求，故選D。6．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的““Ihadabadattitude,”said17-year-oldTiteanaDavis.DaviswentthroughtheNfusionProgramlastyear.Theteen,whooncehadtroublewithherattitudetowardsothers,saystheprogramhaschangedherlife,“Theytaughtmethatabadattitudeisnotgoingtogetyouanywhere.Itdoesn’tmatterifotherpeopletreatyouwrong;youstilltreatthemhowyouwanttobetreatedandithelpedmealot”saidDavis.(17歲的TiteanaDavis說：“我的態(tài)度很糟糕。”Davis去年參加了Nfusion項(xiàng)目。這位曾經(jīng)對自己對待他人的態(tài)度有問題的少女說，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目改變了她的生活。“他們告訴我，壞的態(tài)度不會(huì)讓你有任何成就。別人是否對你不好并不重要；你仍然以你想要的方式對待他們，這對我?guī)椭艽蟆！盌avis說。)”可知，TiteanaDavis在Nfusion之前對待周圍的人沒有采取正確的態(tài)度。故選C。7．【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Nfusionisanewprogramthatmeetsteens’mentalhealthneedsandprovideshelpfortheirfamilies.Theprogramisdesignedtohelpteensaged14-21livethroughadifficultperiod.(Nfusion是一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目，旨在滿足青少年的心理健康需求，并為他們的家庭提供幫助。該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助14-21歲的青少年度過困難時(shí)期。)”和“They’restillgrowing,stilldevelopingandstilltherearealotofthingstheydon’tknowhowto(他們還在成長，還在發(fā)展，還有很多事情他們不知道怎么)”可知，青少年還在成長，面對困難，很多事情他們不知道怎么處理，劃線詞所在句子表示“他們還在成長，還在發(fā)展，還有很多事情他們不知道怎么處理”，因此劃線詞address的意思是“處理，解決”，和dealwith意思相近，故選B。8．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theteen,whooncehadtroublewithherattitudetowardsothers(這個(gè)少女，曾經(jīng)對別人的態(tài)度有問題)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“TeenslikeDavisarejustafewwhohavecomethroughtheprogramsuccessfully.Now,thankstoNfusion,Davissaysshe’slookingforwardtoabrightfuture.(像Davis這樣的青少年只是成功完成該項(xiàng)目的少數(shù)人?，F(xiàn)在，多虧了Nfusion，Davis說她期待著一個(gè)光明的未來。)”可知，Davis參加Nfusion后和別人相處得很好，故選D。Text83（2023秋·北京房山·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Therehasrecentlybeenalotofargumentsabouthomework.Asateacher,Istronglybelieveinthebenefitsofqualityhomework.Besidespreparingstudentsforuniversitylife,itteachesimportantlifeskillsthatwillbenefitstudentsfortherestoftheirlives.Somepeoplearguethathomeworkiscausingstressanddepressiontoriseinchildren.Buttoblamehomeworkforthesehealthproblemsiswrong.Socialpressurescausemorestressforteenagersthanhomework.Ifpeoplearereallyconcernedaboutthehealthofstudents,theywouldspendmoretimesolvingtheproblemsthatcausepressureinschoolsratherthancomplainingabouthomework.Inaddition,thosewhoareopposedtohomeworkbelievethatstudentsenduphatingthetimespentinsteadofenjoyinglearning.However,theproblemisthetypeofhomeworkbeingassigned(布置).Itisthequalitynotquantity(數(shù)量)ofhomeworkthatwillimprovestudents’learningandtheirenjoyment.Repetitiveworksheetswherestudentsmemorizehistoricaldatesandnamesorsolvemathproblemsoverandoveragainarelessbeneficialthanmorecreativeproject-basedhomework.Primarystudentswilleventuallybeinmiddleandhighschoolwherehomeworkwillbeassigned.Iftheyhavenopreparationinprimaryschools,theywillhavethestressofsuddenlytryingtoadjusttolifewithhomeworklater.Theimportantthingistoassignjustenoughhomeworktohelpstudentslearn.Infact,homeworkallowsparentstobeawareofwhattheirchildisdoingatschoolandhowwelltheiracademicandthinkingskillsaredeveloping.Iftheynoticethattheirchildistakinganunreasonableamountoftimecompletingtheirhomework,parentscancalltheteacher’sattentiontotheproblem.Finally,homeworkhelpstoteachstudentsimportantstudyandlifeskillsthatwillsetthemupforfuturesuccess.Theylearnhowtomanagetheirtimesothattheycanfinishtheirhomeworkandotheractivities.Attimes,theymightstruggletocompletethehomework,butbyworkingthroughit,theylearnnottogiveup.Theseareskillsthatwillnotonlybenefitthemintheiracademiclifebutintheiradultlivesaswell.Weshouldrecognizequalityhomeworkcanhelptoshowchildrentheconnectionbetweenwhattheyarelearninginschoolandhowitcanbeappliedoutsideofschools,anditshouldallowthestudentstohavefunwhiledoingit.Learningshouldnotonlybecontainedwithinaclassroom;itshouldbeextendedtoallareasofourlives.9．Accordingtothepassage,qualityhomeworkcan________.A．onlybeassignedathighschoolB．causepressurestoriseinteenagersC．haveinfluenceonstudentsinmanywaysD．drawparents’attentiontotheproblemsitbrings10．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardshomeworkinprimaryschool?A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“opposedto”inParagraph3mean?A．Against. B．Worriedabout. C．Tiredof. D．Favor.12．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PressuresCausedbyHomeworkB．TheBenefitsofQualityHomeworkC．QualityandQuantityofHomeworkD．DifferentOpinionsaboutHomework【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了有些人不贊成家庭作業(yè)的看法，但作者認(rèn)為家庭作業(yè)有好處。9．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Asateacher,Istronglybelieveinthebenefitsofqualityhomework.Besidespreparingstudentsforuniversitylife,itteachesimportantlifeskillsthatwillbenefitstudentsfortherestoftheirlives.(作為一名教師，我堅(jiān)信高質(zhì)量作業(yè)的好處。除了為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備大學(xué)生活，它還教授重要的生活技能，這些技能將使學(xué)生終生受益)”和最后一段中的“Weshouldrecognizequalityhomeworkcanhelptoshowchildrentheconnectionbetweenwhattheyarelearninginschoolandhowitcanbeappliedoutsideofschools(我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，高質(zhì)量的家庭作業(yè)有助于向孩子們展示他們在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容與如何在校外應(yīng)用之間的聯(lián)系)”可知，高質(zhì)量的作業(yè)可以在許多方面對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生積極影響。故選C項(xiàng)。10．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Primarystudentswilleventuallybeinmiddleandhighschoolwherehomeworkwillbeassigned.Iftheyhavenopreparationinprimaryschools,theywillhavethestressofsuddenlytryingtoadjusttolifewithhomeworklater.Theimportantthingistoassignjustenoughhomeworktohelpstudentslearn.(小學(xué)生最終會(huì)進(jìn)入初中和高中，到那時(shí)會(huì)有家庭作業(yè)。如果他們在小學(xué)沒有準(zhǔn)備，他們會(huì)有突然試圖適應(yīng)生活的家庭作業(yè)的壓力。重要的是布置足夠的家庭作業(yè)來幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí))”可知，作者認(rèn)為家庭作業(yè)能幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)，而且如果小學(xué)生到了初高中才接觸家庭作業(yè)，他們會(huì)有壓力，可得出作者支持小學(xué)生有家庭作業(yè)。故選A項(xiàng)。11．【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。由第三段中的“Inaddition,thosewhoareopposedtohomeworkbelievethatstudentsenduphatingthetimespentinsteadofenjoyinglearning.(此外，那些opposedto家庭作業(yè)的人認(rèn)為，學(xué)生最終討厭花在學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間，而不是享受學(xué)習(xí))”可知，有些人認(rèn)為學(xué)生會(huì)因?yàn)榧彝プ鳂I(yè)討厭學(xué)習(xí)，可得出這些人應(yīng)該是不贊成有家庭作業(yè)的，opposedto意為“反對（Against）”。故選A項(xiàng)。12．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。第一段首句“Therehasrecentlybeenalotofargumentsabouthomework.(最近有很多關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)的爭論)”總起全文，第一段還陳述了作者對高質(zhì)量家庭作業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)，第二三段陳述了各方反對家庭作業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)，第四至最后一段陳述了作者贊成有家庭作業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)，可得出D項(xiàng)“關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)的不同看法”可概括全文，可為標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。Text84（2022秋·山西·高一校聯(lián)考期中）TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.Theorigin(起源)oftheEasterncultureismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Bothofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyrivers-theYellowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRiverinIndia.Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.AndthesetwoarewellknownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.LiketheChineseculture,theEuropeanculturealsocrossedwaters.WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica,theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn’thavemuchdifferencefromtheEuropeanculture.Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.Takethelanguagesystemforexample.IntheEast,mostlanguagesbelongtothepictographic(象形文字的)languagewhiletheWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencescountaswell.Butwhat’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandthewest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateduntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerference(干預(yù))fromtheother.Thedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyareobviousandmakepeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworlddifferent.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturaldifferenceshouldnotbetheobstacle(障礙)tothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethedrivingforceofourgoingfarther.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“civilization”meaninparagraph3?A．Aparticularabilityortypeofability.B．Asocietywithitscultureanditswayoflife.C．Theprocessofteaching,trainingandlearning.D．Theartofplanning,designing,andconstructingbuildings.14．Whydidthetwoculturesseldomcommunicateuntilrecentcenturies?A．Peopleatedifferentkindsoffood.B．Thereweretwolanguagesystems.C．TheEastandtheWestaretoofaraway.D．People’shabitsandtraditionsarenotsimilar.15．Whatisthe.lastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Benefitsofculturaldifferences.B．Disadvantagesofculturaldifferences.C．Drivingforceofpeople’sgoingfarther.D．Wavestomaketheworldmorecolorful.16．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhatcausesdifferentlifebetweenEastandWestB．WhatcausesdietdifferencesbetweenEastandWestC．WhatcausesdifferentviewsbetweenEastandWestD．WhatcausesculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest【答案】13．B

14．C

15．A

16．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了東西方文化的不同是因?yàn)槲幕到y(tǒng)在整體上是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng)。東方文化源自于中國和印度，而西方文化源自于古希臘羅馬。語言等也造就了文化差異。13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)指代關(guān)系和第三段“WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.(在這兩條母親河孕育東方文化的同時(shí)，另一種著名的文化也在兩河平原上興起——兩河文明。這種civilization后來發(fā)展成為古希臘和古羅馬文化)”中“This”可知，“Thiscivilization”即上文所述在兩河平原上興起的兩河文明。結(jié)合常識可知，兩河文明是兩河流域孕育的人類文明，即一個(gè)有自己文化和生活方式的社會(huì)。故選B項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Butwhat’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandthewest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateduntilrecentcenturies.(但更重要的是，由于東西方之間的距離遙遠(yuǎn)和陡峭的地區(qū)，兩種文化直到最近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才有很少的交流)”可知，因?yàn)闁|方和西方太遠(yuǎn)了，所以直到最近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才有很少的交流。故選C項(xiàng)。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyareobviousandmakepeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworlddifferent.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturaldifferenceshouldnotbetheobstacletothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethedrivingforceofourgoingfarther.(差異無處不在。它們是顯而易見的，并使人們的思維方式和他們對世界的看法不同。但是不同的文化使21世紀(jì)的世界更加豐富多彩。文化差異不應(yīng)成為人類文明的障礙。它應(yīng)該成為我們走得更遠(yuǎn)的動(dòng)力)”可知，最后一段主要講文化差異的好處。故選A項(xiàng)。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.(東方和西方的文化真的有很大的不同。這是因?yàn)槲幕到y(tǒng)在整體上是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng))”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.(與此同時(shí)，一些其他的差異增加了文化差異)”可知，本文主要講是什么導(dǎo)致了東方和西方的文化有不同，所以D項(xiàng)“WhatcausesculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest(是什么導(dǎo)致了東西方的文化差異)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。Text85（2022秋·山西晉中·高一校聯(lián)考期中）Ifheisinatightspot,saysTroubleKalua,peoplementionhisname,asking,“Whatdoyouexpect?”ShortlybeforehisbirthinMalawi,hisfatherhadlosthisjobasabusconductor,makingthefamilyevenpoorer.Thenthebabynearlydied.“Thisboyistrouble,”hisfathersaid.“HisnameisTrouble.”AcrossAfricanamescanhaveastorybehindthem.Yewande,forinstance,isaYorubanamemeaning“motherhaspaidmeavisit”,givenwhenanolderfemalerelativediesjustbeforeagirlisborn.KiptanuimaysuggestatadifficultbirthformotherswhospeakoneoftheKalenjingroupoflanguagesinKenya.ButsouthernAfricastandsoutfornominative(提名)creativity,atleastwhenitcomestoEnglishnames.AskZimbabweansabouttheirschoolfriendsandyouwillheardifferentregisters:Lovemore,Hopewell,Innocence,Patience,Knowledge,Fortune,Brilliant.AMalawian(himselfGolden)listsfriendsnamedGoodfriday,WisdomandIron.InZimbabwechildrenwerelonggivenAfricannameswithmeaning.ThispracticeswitchedafterBritishcolonization(殖民),whenhavinganEnglishnamewasseenasawayofgettingahead.Namesmayrefertoconditionsaroundthebirth,aqualityparentsseeinthechild,anaspiration(期望)forthemorevenforthecountry.UnderwhiterulesomechildrenwerecalledDemocracy,Freedomor,allegedly,PollingStation.Othernamessuggestedprogress.OneventurecapitalistrecallsschoolfriendsnamedComputer.Names,andthelanguagetheyarein,reflectchangingtimes,too.InZimbabwe,whoseeconomyisfallingdown,onecomesacrosspeoplenamedNoMoney.InmanyplacesAfricannamesaresupplanting(取代)Englishones.InrecentyearsinSouthAfrica,Enzokuhle(“todogood”inXhosa),hasbecomeoneofthemostpopularnames,perhapsinspiredbyapopularsong,“Enzo”.ItmaybethatnamessuchasSaladNthendawillbecomerelics.TheMalawian,whosemotheratelotsofvegetableswhenpregnant(懷孕的),sayshis“namefeltgoodfromdayone”.Helovesthe“uniqueness”.Althoughheisteasedattimes,hedoesnotcare.17．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A．Bysharingastory. B．Bycomparingfacts.C．Byreportingfindings. D．Bypresentingfigures.18．Whatwillababybenamedifhismotherhassomedifficultyingivingbirthtohim?A．Yewande. B．Kiptanui.C．Freedom. D．Enzokuhle.19．WhatdoesSaladNthendathinkofhisname?A．Interesting. B．Meaningless.C．Important. D．Special.20．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．StoriesBehindSomeNamesB．SomeStrangeNamesinSouthernAfricaC．NamesinSouthernAfricaAreBothCreativeandMeaningfulD．One’sNameIsCloselyConnectedwithItsCountry’sHistory【答案】17．A

18．B

19．D

20．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是非洲人名字的特點(diǎn)及其取名字的各種講究，同時(shí)也介紹了非洲人的名字也有著各種各樣的寓意：非洲人的名字不僅反映了非洲發(fā)展的歷史，還照亮了人們對未來的渴望。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“ShortlybeforehisbirthinMalawi,hisfatherhadlosthisjobasabusconductor,makingthefamilyevenpoorer.Thenthebabynearlydied.“Thisboyistrouble,”hisfathersaid.“HisnameisTrouble.”(在他出生在馬拉維前不久，他的父親失去了公共汽車售票員的工作，使家庭更加貧窮。然后嬰兒差點(diǎn)死了?！斑@個(gè)男孩很麻煩，”他的父親說?！八拿纸新闊?。”)”可知，該段作者分享了TroubleKalua這個(gè)人名字背后的故事，引出本文的話題。故選A項(xiàng)。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“KiptanuimaysuggestatadifficultbirthformotherswhospeakoneoftheKalenjingroupoflanguagesinKenya.(Kiptanui可能表明了在肯尼亞說卡倫金語族之一的母親分娩時(shí)難產(chǎn)。)”可知，因分娩時(shí)難產(chǎn)，很可能給孩子取名時(shí)與此事件相關(guān)。因此如果一個(gè)孩子的母親在生他的時(shí)候有困難，他會(huì)給他取Kiptanui這個(gè)名詞。故選B項(xiàng)。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Helovesthe‘uniqueness’.Althoughheisteasedattimes,hedoesnotcare.(他喜歡“獨(dú)特性”。雖然他有時(shí)會(huì)被取笑，但他不在乎。)”可知，SaladNthenda認(rèn)為自己的名字很特別。故選D項(xiàng)。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AcrossAfricanamescanhaveastorybehindthem.(在整個(gè)非洲，名字背后都有一個(gè)故事。)”以及第三段“ButsouthernAfricastandsoutfornominative(提名)creativity,atleastwhenitcomestoEnglishnames.(但南部非洲在取名字方面的創(chuàng)造力非常突出，至少在英文名稱方面是這樣。)”并結(jié)合文章中列舉的實(shí)例，可知，南部非洲人的名字極富創(chuàng)造力又有意義。故選C項(xiàng)。Text86（2023秋·遼寧·高一遼河油田第二高級中學(xué)?？计谀㎝ynameisJack.WhenmyfamilymovedtoAmerica,webroughtnotonlyourluggage,butalsoourrules,customsandcultureinChina.Oneoftherulesisthatyoungpeopleshouldalwaysrespecttheelders.Unluckily,thisruleledtomyveryfirstembarrassment(尷尬)intheUnitedStates.Ihadapart-timejobasawaiterinaChineserestaurant.Oneday,whenIwasservingfoodtoamiddle-agedcouple,thewifeaskedmehowthefoodcouldbeservedsoquickly.ItoldherthatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.AssoonasIsaidthat,shelookedveryunhappy.MymanagergavemealonglectureabouthowAmericansdisliketheword“old”.Ithenwalkedbackandapologizedtothelady.InmyhometowninChina,peopleareproudofbeingold.Notsomanypeoplelivetobeseventyoreighty,andpeoplewhoreachsuchanagehavethemostknowledgeandexperience.Youngpeoplealwaysrespectolderpeoplebecausetheyknowtheycanlearnfromtheirrichexperience.However,intheUnitedStates,“old”meansthatapersonisgoingtoretire(退休).Heremanypeopletrytokeepthemselvesfromgrowingoldbydoingexercises.WhenItoldthecoupleintherestaurantthatIrespecttheelderly,theygotangrybecausethiscausedthemtofeeltheyhadfailedtostayyoung.Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon’trespectthemanymore;Istillrespectthem,butnowIdon’tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.21．WhydidJackservethecoupletheirfoodveryfast?A．Hewantedmorepay. B．Herespectedtheelderly.C．Hewasaskedtodoso. D．Hewasahard-workingwaiter.22．WhatdoweknowaboutJack’shometownfromthepassage?A．Peoplethereareproudofbeingold.B．Peopletheredislikebeingcalled“old”.C．Nopeopletherereachtheageofseventyoreighty.D．Youngpeoplethereshowlittlerespecttotheolder.23．WhatdidJackdoafterthisexperience?A．Hemadefriendswiththecouple. B．Helosthisjobintherestaurant.C．Henolongerrespectedtheelderly. D．Hechangedhiswaywitholderpeople.24．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_________.A．thecoupledislikedfastserviceatall.B．themanagerapologizedtothecouple.C．Jackwantedtoshowhisfeelingsthroughwords.D．JackknewmoreaboutAmericanculturethanbefore.【答案】21．B

22．A

23．D

24．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在美國的經(jīng)歷：作者一家人搬家到美國，也帶著中國的美德到了美國：年輕人應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)尊敬長者。然而，不幸的是，這卻導(dǎo)致了作者在美國的第一次尷尬。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ItoldherthatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.”（我告訴她，我已經(jīng)確保他們盡快得到食物，因?yàn)槲乙恢弊鹬乩先?。）可知，作者給這對夫婦提供食物迅速，是因?yàn)樽髡咦鹬乩先?。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“InmyhometowninChina,peopleareproudofbeingold.”（在我的中國家鄉(xiāng)，人們以老為榮。）可知，在作者的中國的家鄉(xiāng)，人們以老為榮。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.”（從那以后，我改變了和老年人相處的方式。）可知，在這次經(jīng)歷后，作者改變了他對待老人的方式。故選D。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon’trespectthemanymore;Istillrespectthem,butnowIdon’tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.”（從那以后，我改變了和老年人相處的方式。這并不是說我不再尊重他們了，我仍然尊重他們，但是現(xiàn)在我不再通過語言來表達(dá)我的感情了。）可推知，通過作者的做兼職的那次經(jīng)歷，作者對美國人們的價(jià)值觀和文化了解的更多了。故選D。Text87（2022秋·北京·高一首都師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)?？计谥校㏕otheSweden,therearefewsmellsmoreattractivethansurstr?mming(臭鯡魚).Tomostnon-Swedenthereareprobablyfewsmellsmorerepulsive—thefishhasbeendescribedvariouslyassmellinglikesourcatlitter,orevendroppings-like.Indeterminingwhichsmellspeoplefindpleasantornot,surstr?mmingsuggestsculturemustplayasizeablepart.Newresearch,however,suggeststhatmightnotbethecase.ArtinArshamian,aneuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden,andAsifaMajid,apsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,beganwiththeexpectationthatculturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Thiswasnotjustbecauseofexampleslikethatofsurstr?mming.Theyknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Tostudyhowsmellandculturerelate,theresearcherspresentedtensmells.Thesesmellsvariedfromherbtoisovalericacid,thechemicalresponsibleforsmellysocks.Morein-betweensmells,whichtheteamthoughtmightsplitopinions,includedoctanoicacid;andoctenol,ancarthysmellfoundinmanymushrooms.Theculturesdoingthesmellingvariedwidelytoo,includinghunters,farmersandcityfolk.All235participantswereaskedtoranksmellsaccordingtopleasantness.Theresearchersfoundthatpleasantnessrankingswereremarkableconsistentregardlessofwherepeoplecamefrom.Isovalericacidwashatedbythevastmajority,onlyeightgivingitascoreoflto3(Iwasverypleasantand10wasveryunpleasant).Ontheotherhand,morethan190peoplegaveherbascoreoflto3.Overall,thechemicalcompositionofthesmellsexplained41%ofthereactionsthatparticipantshad.Incontrast,cultura