第02講-時態(tài)語態(tài)-(外研版2019必修第一冊)(解析版)

第02講時態(tài)語態(tài)【學(xué)習(xí)目標】復(fù)習(xí)初高中英語常見時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和標志詞。掌握被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和考點?！净A(chǔ)知識】時態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)時態(tài)名稱構(gòu)成標志詞一般現(xiàn)在時（）（連系動詞is/am/are）一般過去時（）連系動詞was/were）一般將來時（）is/am/aregoingtodois/am/are(about)todo現(xiàn)在進行時（）過去進行時（）現(xiàn)在完成時（）過去完成時（）現(xiàn)在完成進行時has/havebeendoing過去將來時（）was/weregoingtodowas/were(about)todo課前檢測：1.There_______sixcountriesinSCO(上合組織)atfirst,butnowthenumberhasincreasedtoeight.A.is B.are C.were D.willbe2.—Jack,remember______offthelightswhen______yourbedroom.—OK,Iwon’tforget,Mom.A.turning;leavingB.toturn;leaveC.turning;leftD.toturn;leaving3.—Whenistheschoolartfestival?—ItwillbeheldontimeifitnextMonday.A.don’train B.won’train C.doesn’train D.didn’train4.Theydon'tlivehereanylonger.They______toChengdulastmonth.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.aremoving5.Beforethesun______,weneedtogettothetopofthemountain.A.set B.sets C.issetting D.willset6.—Simon,doyouknowwhoinventedthekite?—Sure!It________byMoziover2,000yearsago.A.isinvented B.invented C.wasinvented D.willbeinvented7.—We________toYunBrocadeMuseumwiththeexchangestudentsthiscomingsummerholiday.—That’samazing!A.went B.go C.havegone D.willgo8.They______aboutacomedyatthistimeyesterday.A.weretalkingB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.willtalk9.TheTVnewsreportsthatthere________astormthedayaftertomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen10.Yesterday,I _______thesubwayhomewhenIsuddenlyfoundIwasonthewrongline.11.ItotheWestLakefourtimes,butIwillgothereagainthissummer.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.hadgone答案：1.C【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：起初，上合組織有六個成員國，但是現(xiàn)在成員國的數(shù)量已經(jīng)上升到8個。根據(jù)句中的atfirst以及與之相對應(yīng)的now可推知，這里要用一般過去時。句子的主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù)countries，故therebe句型用Thereare的過去式Therewere。故選C。2.D考查非謂語動詞和時態(tài)的用法。句意：——杰克，離開臥室的時候記得把燈關(guān)掉?！玫摹Ｎ也粫?，媽媽。remembertodosth.記住要去做某事(未做)；根據(jù)句意可知,杰克還沒有離開,所以關(guān)燈這件事還沒有做。第一句的后半句是時間狀語從句，Jack與leave之間是主動關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨，故選D。3.C考查動詞時態(tài)辨析。句意：—校藝術(shù)節(jié)是什么時候？—如果下周一不下雨，將如期舉行。if作“如果”講，動詞時態(tài)將遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替一般將來時。故選C。4.B考查動詞的時態(tài)。意為：他們不再住在這里了，他們上個月去了成都。lastmonth是一般過去時的標志。故選B。5.B考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：太陽落山前，我們需要到達那個山頂。Before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，而在時間狀語從句中不能使用將來時態(tài)，排除D；從主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)及語境推知，從句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表達。故選B。成時，選D。6.C考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：—西門，你知道誰發(fā)明了風(fēng)箏嗎？—當(dāng)然，風(fēng)箏是在2000多年前墨子發(fā)明的。根據(jù)后面的“by”及句意可知此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；又根據(jù)時間狀語“over2,000yearsago”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。7.D考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：—這個暑假我們將要去云景博物館？—那真是太棒了。根據(jù)后面的時間狀語“thiscomingsummerholiday（將要到來的暑假）”可知應(yīng)用一般將來時。故選D。8.A考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：昨天這個時候，他們正在談?wù)撘粋€喜劇片。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語thistimeyesterday，可知該句的時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去進行時，表示“過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作”。故選A。9.C考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：電視新聞報道稱，后天將有暴雨。由時間狀語thedayaftertomorrow判定謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般將來時。故選C。10.B此題考查時態(tài)。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表達的是過去的一個時間點，過去某個時間點正在做的事情應(yīng)該用過去進行時，過去進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)為只有11.考查時態(tài)。句意：我去過西湖四次，但是今年夏天我將再去那里。根據(jù)fourtimes可知表示“去過”，用havebeento表達。故答案選B。【考點剖析】常見時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，過去時態(tài)，將來時態(tài)語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)時態(tài)考點連連看：考點一：一般現(xiàn)在時：時間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,考點1：永恒的真理考點2：“主可將從必現(xiàn)”時間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;條件：if,unless,provided/providing(that),so/aslongas考點3：makesure/certainthat,seetoitthat等＋賓語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時考點4：the+比較級…,the+比較級…(越……就越……)例1．【單句填空】1.Ilearnedthattheearth_____aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.（go)2.Ifhe____thejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.(accept)3.Solongashe______hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.(work)4.Theharderyou_____,thebetterresultsyouwillget.(study)考點二、一般過去時：時間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,long,longago,onceuponatime,etc.例2．【針對練習(xí)】1.(全國I)Edward,youplaysowell.ButI__________youplayedthepiano.A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown2.(北京)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse__________intobeing.A.cameB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.wouldcome3.(北京)WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhang考點三、一般將來時：時間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,etc考點1：will+v.(原)begoingtodo考點2：某些表示“位置移動”的動詞：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用現(xiàn)在進行時形式表示將來。I______forBeijingtomorrow(leave).考點3：祈使句+and/or+陳述句Useyourheadandyou______away(find).句式變換(1)(Giveme)onemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.Moreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.句式變換(2)Givenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.例3．【針對練習(xí)】1._____onthetopofthetowerandyou’llenjoythesceneryofthewholecity.A.StandingB.StandC.TostandD.Stand2._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given?？键c四、現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/aredoing;am/is/arebeingdone時間狀語：now,atthemoment,thesedays等小貼士：主要考查根據(jù)上下文語境來判斷例4．【針對練習(xí)】(陜西)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt考點:頻度副詞，如always,constantly,continually等和現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）?？键c五、過去進行時：was/weredoing;was/werebeingdone表示過去某個時間或某段時間正在做或一直在做的某事。時間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的一般過去時的時間狀語從句等。例5．【針對練習(xí)】1.(四川)Thetelephone_________,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung2.(全國II)--Isthisanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.--Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I_______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking考點六、現(xiàn)在完成時（重點）：have/hasdone;have/hasbeendone時間狀語：inthepast/lastfewyears,lately；recently,just，uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays，for+時間段；since+過去時間點例6．【針對練習(xí)】(全國課標I)Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive考點1：It/This/Thatis+序數(shù)詞+time+that…表示“這是…第幾次做某事”考點2：Itistheonly/thebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名詞＋that…針對練習(xí):填空:1.It/ThisismyfirsttimethatI_____________China.(visit)2.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI_____________.(see)3.Thatistheonlybookthathe______________.(write)單項填空:(陜西)Thisisthefirsttimewe__________filminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen考點七、現(xiàn)在完成進行時(have/hasbeendoing)例7．【針對練習(xí)】1.I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyou_______sohardthisyear.A.studiedB.hadstudiedC.willstudyD.havebeenstudying2.I’mtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping溫馨小貼士：1.多表說話人的態(tài)度、感情色彩2.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)同時出現(xiàn)常選后者3.和一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別考點八、過去完成時（重點）：haddone;hadbeendone時間狀語：(1)threeyearsbefore,(2)by+過去時間theendof+過去時間thetimethat….(過去時間)(3)when,before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句考點一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than考點二：It/This/Thatwasthe序數(shù)詞+time+that…考點三：hadhopedtodo/that…表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。類似動詞：expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等Ihadmeanttogoawaybutcouldn’tgetridofthechildren.拓展：v.+tohavedone(以上動詞適用)IwantedtohaveseenyouoffattheairportbutIgottheretoolate.例8．【針對練習(xí)】There_________25parksinourcityuptill2000.(be)Bytheendoflasttermwe__________thebook.(finish)Theyfinishedearlierthanwe___________.(expect)Ihad__________myworkwhenhecametoseeme.(finish)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanit__________tosnow.(begin)Nosooner________I__________homethanthetelephonerang.(arrive)（注意主謂倒裝）Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe____________hergrandfather.(see)It_________3yearssinceweparted.(be)I________thatIcoulddothejob.(hope)I_________toseeyoubutIwastoobusy.(intend)過去將來時態(tài)：woulddo;was/weregoingtodoWillbedoing被動語態(tài)考查要點英語的語態(tài)有兩種，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表主語是動作的承受者。此主要講被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中主語是動作的承受者，也就是動作的對象。一般說來，只有及物動詞（短語）才有被動語態(tài)。漢語常用“被”“受”“給”“遭”“挨”等詞來表被動意義。動作執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出。被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:“助動詞be+過去分詞+by+動作執(zhí)行者+with+工具”。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是通過be動詞變化的。構(gòu)成：be/get+過去分詞一般完成進行現(xiàn)在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone過去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone過去將來should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone考點1）主動變被動時，賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加to。感官動詞：使役動詞：Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.___________________________________________________.考點2）Itissaid/reported/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…“據(jù)說/報道…;人們說…”=Sbissaid/reported/…todo/tobedoing/tobedone考點3）不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。①所有的不及物動詞（詞組）如：happen,takeplace,breakout等。②表示歸屬的動詞如：have、own、belongto等?？键c4）主動形式表被動意義①feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系動詞用時；②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具備的某種特性時。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.Mypenwritessmoothly.③want,require,need“需要”+v-ing表示被動④be(well)worthdoing⑤在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent（出租）考點5）被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。beseated坐著Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.鞏固練習(xí)Ⅰ.單句填空1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G(consider).

2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey(construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts.

3.Later,Nelson(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime(discuss)anddebated.

Ⅱ.單句改錯5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit.

6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety.

7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelcomebythem.

8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.

Ⅰ.單句填空【答案】1hasbeenconsidered2areconstructed3wasawarded4havebeendiscussedⅡ.單句改錯【答案】5are→is6刪除was7welcome→welcomed8刪除been【真題演練】Ⅰ.單句填空1.Arepresentativewho(see)hisperformancebeforethoughthecouldreplaceanotherstarwhointendedtoleave.

2.It(be)atraditionsincethekingsintheeighthandninthcenturiesstoppedtrading.

3.Additionally,thekindsoffacialmake-up(臉譜)(be)themostparticularartinPekingopera.

4.ItissaidLuBan,wholivedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,(invent)thekite.

5.Especiallyfamousisthewallbuiltin220—206BC.Littleofthatwall(remain).

6.Accordingtotheletter,theChanZuckerbergInitiative(help)topromote“equalityforallchildreninthenextgeneration”.

7.Thehumbleman(refuse)aninterviewinvitationafterbecominganInternetstarandsaidthathejustdidwhathefeltheshould.

8.TeafromChina,alongwithhersilkandporcelain(瓷器),begantobeknowntotheworldmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenit(be)animportantChineseexport.

9.It(become)separatedfromBritainandIrelandby6500BC.

10.(江蘇,22)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

Ⅰ.單句填空答案：【答案】1hadseen2hasbeen3are4invented5remains6willhelp7refused8hasbeen9hadbecome10.hasgiven【過關(guān)檢測】1.Mysisterboughtakindofcloth.Thiskindofcloth_______.A.fellverysoftB.feelsverysoftC.isfeltverysoftD.feelsverysoftly2.I’dratheryou________tomorrow.A.cameB.comeC.comesD.coming3.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe______inBeijing.A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive4.Doyouknowif_______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome5.Ihavealotofworktodo,becauseI_______tomorrow.A.leaveB.amleavingC.wouldleaveD.leaving6.Ihaveleftthecompany,andnowI_____inthebank.A.workB.amworkingC.haveworkedD.isworking7.Mary_______adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB,ismakingC.wasmakingD.make8.Itisthethirdtimethattheboy______.A.waslateB.hasbeenlateC.islateD.hadbeenlate9.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

_______hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

A.willkeep

B.haskept

C.willbekept

D.hasbeenkept10.Greatchanges_________inTongreninthepastfiveyears.A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace11.Bytheendoflasttermwe__________thebook.(finish)12.Thiskindofcloth________easily.(wash)13.Greatchanges________sinceyou_______.A.havetakenplace,haveleftB.havebeentakenplace,haveleftC.havetakenplace,left語法填空Passage1Oceanpollution1(be)serious.Itcan2(kill)oceancreaturesandevenharmhumans.It’svitaltofocusonthisissueandfindwaystopreventpollutioninourwaters.

Pollutionintheoceansseverely3(harm)seacreatures.Forexample,oceananimalsoftenmistakepiecesofplasticforfood.As4result,theirbellies5(fill)withplasticfrombottles,containersandbeachtoys.Thiscanbedeadlytotheanimals.

Oceanpollution6(cause)riskstohumans,too.Pollutedwatercanresult7diseaseamongswimmers.Also,peopleeatfishwhichmight8(poison)withharmfulchemicalsfromoilleaksandrubbishinseawater.

Somepeoplemayarguethatoceanpollutionisnotserious,believingthattheoceansareso