期末復(fù)習(xí) 專題05 重點(diǎn)語法及專練（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE14重點(diǎn)語法及專練定語從句定語從句在整個句子中擔(dān)任定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。1.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as(句子中缺主要成分：主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語、補(bǔ)語時)。關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why（句子中缺次要成分：狀語時）。?Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想見你的那個人嗎？?Sheisthewomanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.她就是我昨天見的那個女人。?Chinaisacountrywhich/thathasalargepopulation.中國是一個擁有很多人口的國家。?Thee-mailthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.昨天我收到的電子郵件是我姐姐寄來的。?Iknowadoctorwhosesonismyclassmate.我認(rèn)識一位醫(yī)生，他的兒子是我的同班同學(xué)。?Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。?Ishallneverforgetthedayswhen(onwhich)weworkedonthefarm.我永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記我們在農(nóng)場勞動的那些日子。?Qingdaoistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.青島是我的出生地。?Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer.這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由。2.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替先行詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等主要成分。?Heisthemanwho/whom/thatIsawyesterday.（who/whom/that在從句中作賓語）他是昨天我見到的那個人。2）whose用來指人或物，只用作定語,若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換。1）who,whom,that指代人，who,that在從句中可作主語、賓語；whom在從句中作賓語。?Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在從句中作主語）他是你想要見的?Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen/thecoverofwhichisgreen.請遞給我那本封面是綠色的書。3）which,that指代物，在從句中可作主語、賓語。?Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你正在搬的那個包裹快要散開了。4）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。?Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?他是想要見你的那個人嗎？3.只能用that不能用which的情況。1）先行詞是everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much等不定代詞時。?Heneverreadanythingthatwasnotworthreading.他從不讀任何不值得閱讀的書。2）先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery等詞修飾時。?I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.我已經(jīng)讀完了你借給我的所有書。

3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。?ItisthefirstAmericanfilmofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.這是我看過的第一部這個種類的美國電影。[來源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)]4）先行詞由人和物共同組成時。?Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我們都羨慕你和我談?wù)撨^的這個科學(xué)家和他的成就4.關(guān)系代詞as和which的用法區(qū)別。1.as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，常常有＂正如＂之意；which可以表主從句之間的因果關(guān)系。?Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。?Hewasalwayslate,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.他總是遲到，這讓他的老師非常生氣?！镜淅緼child_________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.which B.whoseC.whereD.with隨堂練習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。

1.Iprefershoes______arecool.

2.Mynecklaceisnottheonlything________ismissing.

3.Thesearethebeststamps_______Katehasgivenme.

4.Thebuildingin______youliveiscomfortable.

5.—Iseverything______weneedtododone?

—Yes.Youneedn’tworryaboutit.

6.Theman______standsoverthereismyChineseteacher.

7.Iwanttoreadallthebooks______werewrittenbyGuoJingming.

8.Thebook______hasaredcoverisastorybook.二、用＂who＂或＂that＂填空。1.Theman________istalkingwithmymotherismyfather.2.Heistheonlyman________wearsahat.3.Iknowtheman______isamodelworker.4.Ican’tfindahouse_______issuitableforustolive.5.Isthereazoo_______wecanseetigersaroundhere?三、將下列各題中的兩個句子合并為含有that或which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的復(fù)合句。1.Thepotisveryexpensive.Itwasusedbymymomyesterday._________________________________________________________________________________________2.Themagazineismine.Youreaditthismorning._________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thedogiscute.Tomislookingafterit.__________________________________________________________________________________________4.Thatisthemostinterestingfilm.Shehasseenthefilm.__________________________________________________________________________________________四、選用that,who,whom或which填空。1.Thegirl_______________yousawatthemeetingisagoodswimmer.2.Thetown___________wevisitedafewyearsagoismuchlargerthanbefore.3.April1stisaday____________iscalledAprilFools’Day.4.Thegirl___________oftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromNo.8MiddleSchool.五．句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.Thegirlismycousin.Thegirliswearingglasses.（改為定語從句）Thegirl_______________wearingg1assesismycousin.2.ZhaizhigangbecamethefirstChineseastronauttowalkinspace.(改為定語從句)ZhaizhigangbecamethefirstChineseastronaut______________________________inspace.3.Thegirlwithaflowerinherhandismysister.(改為含定語從句的復(fù)合句)Thegirl______________________________aflowerinherhandismysister.4.That’squiteabeautifulhouse.Iusedtoliveinit.(合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句)Thehouse_______________Iusedtolivein_______________quitebeautiful.5.Themanwithapairofglassesismyphysicsteacher.(改為定語從句)Theman______________________________apairofglassesismyphysicsteacher.被動語態(tài)句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點(diǎn)來嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?考向一：被動語態(tài)的句型考向二：被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。一般過去時主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語寫的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來時主語+willbe+過去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項工作什么時候完成？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主語+am/is/am+being+過去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因為我的車正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租車去上班。過去進(jìn)行時主語+was/were+being+過去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個個大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過那個村莊時，道路正在加寬?，F(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運(yùn)動會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過去完成時主語+hadbeen+過去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)過這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動詞過去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量兩次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣?？枷蛉罕粍诱Z態(tài)的用法用法例句不知道或者不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者Howisthiswordpronounced?這個單詞怎么發(fā)音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.這本書是2005年出版的。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我們村將開辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作的執(zhí)行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.喬要做這個報告，他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。有些動詞習(xí)慣上常用被動語態(tài)Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.據(jù)報道，他是來自新西蘭的一位教授。考向四：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)說明例句含有單個賓語的主動句，即＂主語+謂語動詞+賓語＂：把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，并依據(jù)上表(被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式)謂語改為被動形式；如果需要說明動作的發(fā)出者，則需加上＂by+主動句的主語(人稱代詞賓格)＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。直接賓語＂：當(dāng)直接賓語是名詞或代詞時，可將間接賓語和直接賓語中的任意一個變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z，而另一個保持不動。但是，當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，即＂主語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語＂：把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)保持不動(成為主語補(bǔ)足語，簡稱主補(bǔ))。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我們叫他李華。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他們把房間刷成了白色?！疽族e警示】感官動詞和使役動詞后接動詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需要在動詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.剛才他們看見她進(jìn)入了會議室。含有動詞短語(作謂語)的主動句：謂語為及物動詞短語的主動句方可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機(jī)會?！疽族e警示】動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，把它們看作一個整體變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉?？枷蛭澹褐鲃有问奖硎颈粍右饬x情況例句說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動詞，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.這段音樂聽起來不錯。Mooncakestastedelicious.月餅嘗起來很美味。某些動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.這輛自行車需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了?！局R拓展】常見的被動形式表示主動意義的詞組：beseated坐著，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著一、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面哦)1.It’ssaid(據(jù)說)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.3.Whichlanguage______________themostwidely______________(speak)intheworld?4.Thelostboy______________(notfind)sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.6.Thestudents______________often______________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______________(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits______________(sell)inthisshop.9.—What______________knives______________(make)of?—They______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.10.Canthemagazine______________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom______________(clean)bymeeveryday.12.Thestarscan’t______________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers______________(water)byLiMingalready.14.Thiskindofshoes______________(sell)well.15.Howlong______________youruncle______________(be)inthecity?16.Thefood______________(smell)delicious.二、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改為主動語態(tài))______________people______________teainSouthChina?2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Abirthdaypresent________________________________________________________bymyparentseveryyear.3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對劃線提問)How____________________________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))AnEnglishsong__________________________________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))It__________________________________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))Metal__________________________________________makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動語態(tài))I________________________________________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch__________________________________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動語態(tài))______________abridge______________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動語態(tài))Thelightgreendresses__________________________________________out.11.Wecallthegame＂Lianliankan＂.(改為被動語態(tài))Thegame____________________________＂Lianliankan＂byus.三、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。①Thenewbike________________________________________________________(買給我)bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.②______________yourmobilephone__________________________________________(是國產(chǎn)的嗎)?③Thewholemountainis____________________________(覆蓋)thesnow.三．狀語從句狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),與主句連接,位于句首時,常用逗號與主句分開,位于句末時,其前一般不用逗號。狀語從句根據(jù)其用途可分為時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句等。狀語從句的分類從句的引導(dǎo)詞例句時間狀語從句when/while/as(當(dāng)……時),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自從……以來),not...until(直到……才),assoonas(一……就……)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamein.當(dāng)我爸爸進(jìn)來的時候我正在做作業(yè)。Hedidnotgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.直到爸爸回來他才上床睡覺。條件狀語從句if(如果),aslongas(只要),unless(除非)Unlessbadweatherstopsme,Igoforawalkeveryday.我每天都去散步,除非遇上壞天氣。原因狀語從句because(因為),since(既然),as(由于)Iliketoeatapplesbecausethey’regoodformyhealth.我喜歡吃蘋果,因為它們對我的健康有益。Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然每個人都在這兒,我們開始開會吧。目的狀語從句sothat(以便,為了),inorderthat(為了)Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecangettoschoolontime.他每天早上早起,以便能按時到校。結(jié)果狀語從句sothat(結(jié)果是),so...that/such...that(如此……以至于)It’ssohotthatnobodywantstogoout.天太熱,以至于沒人想出去。讓步狀語從句though/although(盡管,雖然),evenif(即使),whatever(無論什么),wherever(無論哪里),whenever(無論何時)Whereveryougo,Iwillgowithyou.無論你去哪兒,我都跟著你。Wheneveryoucome,Iwillwaitforyou.無論你什么時候來,我都會等你。比較狀語從句than(比……),as...as(和……一樣),notas/so...as(不如……)HeisastallasTomis.他和湯姆一樣高。地點(diǎn)狀語從句where(……的地方),wherever(無論哪里)Sitwhereveryoulike.請隨便坐。二、時間狀語從句(1)當(dāng)主句是一般將來時態(tài)或祈使句,表示將來的意義時,從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時,簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,通常表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生;before表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前;after則表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后;as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,往往表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生,不分先后。(3)until/till引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。①主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時,主句用肯定形式,表示這一動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間為止。I’llwaitforyoutillyoucometoseeme.我會一直等到你來看我。②主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞時,用否定形式表示主句的動作直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生。構(gòu)成句式not...until,有時不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表否定意義的詞。Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.我直到完成作業(yè)才去睡覺。(4)since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,表示“自從……以來”,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時。IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIgraduatedfromBeijingUniversity.從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后,我就一直在這所學(xué)校工作。Itis10yearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.我學(xué)英語十年了。三、條件狀語從句(1)主句為一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。I’llvisittheGreatWallifitdoesn’traintomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我將去游覽長城。(2)如果if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句所表示的前提或條件將來可以實現(xiàn)或正在進(jìn)行,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,主句通常用一般將來時。Wewillgiveyouagoodpriceifyouarethinkingofbuyingit.如果你考慮買它,我們會給你一個好價錢。(3)“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”中,祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.動動腦筋,你就會想出辦法來。四、原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常用because,since,as引導(dǎo)。由why提出的問題用because來回答。Ididthatbecauseshetoldmeto.是她讓我做那件事我才做的。(2)如果狀語從句所表示的原因是人們已知的事實,就要用since,而不用as或because。since在這里的意思是“既然”。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.既然你不能回答這個問題,你可以找別人幫忙。五、目的狀語從句(1)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的詞或詞組有sothat,inorderthat等,從句謂語中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would等情態(tài)動詞。Hemustgetupearlysothathecangotoworkontime.他必須早點(diǎn)起床,以便能按時上班。(2)當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致時,可用soasto,inorderto。Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.他夜以繼日地工作為的是取得成功。六、.結(jié)果狀語從句(1)由so...that,such...that引導(dǎo)。so...that與such...that的區(qū)別:so當(dāng)名詞前面有many或much修飾時,用so而不用such。Sheissuchalovelygirlthatweloveherverymuch.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatweloveherverymuch.她是一個如此可愛的女孩,以至于我們都很喜歡她。Wehavesomuchtimethatwecanfinishtheworkverywell.我們有如此多的時間,以至于我們能很好地完成工作。(2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)代替。Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.他太小了不能去上學(xué)。練一練1.Hecouldfindthewayhomehewasonlythreeyearsold.

A.though B.because C.where D.if2.Ourbusinesswon’timproveweofferbetterservicestoourcustomers.

A.because B.unless C.after D.since3.Loveyourparentstheyarealive.Don’twaituntilitistoolate.

A.while B.though C.because D.unless4.—DidyoucallMichaelback?—Ididn’tneedto,I’llseehimtomorrow.

A.unless B.becauseC.when D.though5.Thestoryisinterestingeverybodylikesitverymuch.

A.very;that B.so;thatC.such;that D.such;because6.Itwasthemiddleofthenightthesoundofthepianowokemeup.

A.because B.ifC.when D.although7.wedidn’twinthebasketballgame,weweresatisfiedwithourhardwork.

A.If B.ThoughC.Since D.Because8.it’sapublicholidaytoday,somefirefightersinourcityarestillonduty.

A.Although B.Once C.If9.Mygrandparentswroteletterstokeepintouchwithotherstheywereyoung.

A.