2022中考閱讀理解熱點話題練 專題01 碳中和 碳達峰（原卷版）

PAGE6PAGE52022中考閱讀理解熱點話題練專題01碳中和碳達峰Passage1（2021·浙江臺州·中考真題）TheYouthClimateSummit(氣候峰會)aweek-longfestivalofclimateactionforprimaryandmiddleschoolsintheUK,startson9November.Itaimstocreateafairer,moreenvironmentalworldandmakepromisesthatwillhelptheplanet.Climatechangeisthelong-termchangesintheworld’sweatherpatternsthataremostlycausedbyhumanactivity.“Unlikeworldleaders,”saythesummit’sorganizers,“youngpeoplearerefusingtoletitdropofftheplan.”Eachdayhasatopic,whichincludesfoodandfashion,lookingathowhumansharmtheenvironmentandhowtosavetheplanet.Organizationsareleadingsomeonlineactivities.Forexample,theMarineConservationSocietyishostingmeetingsonprotectingseafish.Separately,theenvironmentalorganizationGreenpeaceisrunningaworkshoponhowtoturnworn-outclothingintosomethingnewandwearable.Thesummitwillfinishon13November,whenyouthambassadors(大使)wantsschoolstostoppaperwaste.Max,another16-year-oldambassadorwantsschoolstoorganizemoretripsandactivitiesthatgetstudentsoutsidetoexperiencethebeautyofnature.Aspartofthesummit,hundredsofschoolsacrossthecountryaresigninguptotheLet’sGoZeroactivity,aimingtobecomecarbon-zero(零碳的)by2030.Carbon-zeroschoolsareonesthatpromisetostopemittingcarboninsevenareas,includingwheretheygettheirfoodandhowtheyusewaterandrecycletheirwaste.TheactivityisrunbyAshden,acharityworkingtowardsclimatesolutions.Ashdenhopesthatschoolswillbeabletohelpeachotherbysharingideasandmethods.ItisalsocallingontheGovernmenttobackthepromise.Headovertowhereyoucanfindoutmore.1．ThewriterdevelopsthefirstsentenceinParagraph2mainlyby________.A．tellingstories B．comparingfacts C．givingexamples D．listingnumbers2．Maxadvisesschoolsto________.A．recycleandreuseoldclothesB．preventstudentsfromwastingpaperC．havemeetingsonsavingendangeredseafishD．providemorechancesforstudentstoenjoythenature3．Theunderlinedword"emitting"inParagraph4istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．usingup B．takingin C．sendingout D．cuttingdown4．Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto________.A．explaintheproblemswithclimatechangeB．developchildren’sabilitytosolvesocialproblemsC．introducetheenvironmentalorganizationstoschoolsD．encourageyoungpeopletocaremoreaboutclimatechangePassage2（2021·浙江·杭州市采荷中學三模）Ifyouwantyourchildrentogrowuptobefriendlytotheenvironment,youhavetostartteachingthemwhiletheyareyoung.TheInternetcanbeagreattoolforteachingyourkidsmoreabouttheenvironmentandrecycling.Whatarethebestrecyclingwebsitesforkids?Heretheyare.Website1:www.Thissitehasmanygreatgamesforkidsontheweboflife,factsondifferentanimals,andtheyprovideexcellentinformationonwhatkidscandotohelpprotecttheirownenvironment.TheyevenhavetheirownWildlifeAdoptionCenteronthesite.Website2:www.Thissiteistoprovideinformationtokidsontheenvironmentandtoencouragethemtoworkonimprovingtheworldaroundthem.Itprovidesinformationonhowtheycanworkintheirowncommunityandhowtheycanworkonrecycling.Website3:www.epa.gov/students/ThisistheofficialsiteoftheEPАintheUnitedStates.Theyincludemanygreatstories,games,andpictures.Therearemanyfunnycartoonsthatincludefactsabouttheenvironmentthatkidscanenjoy.Italsoincludesexcellentwaysthatkidscanimprovetheenvironmentandkeepnaturealiveaswell.Website4:www.TheChildrenoftheEarthwebsitehelpstoprovideinformationforkidsthatwillallowthemtounderstandandrespecttheworldaroundthem.Lessonsaretaughtonplants,soil,energy,animals,andmore.Ithelpsthemtolearnabouthowtheiractionscaneitherhavebadorgoodeffects(影響)ontheenvironment.5．Whodoesthewritermostlikelywritehispassagefor?A．parents B．workers C．kids D．officers6．Whatdothesewebsiteshaveincommon?A．Theyareallofficialsitesofgovernments. B．Kidscanplaydifferentgamesonthesewebsites.C．Manyinterestinggamesarereadyforkids, D．Theyallprovideinformationabouttheenvironment.7．Whichwebsiteprovidescartoonsabouttheenvironment?A．www..B．www.. C．www.epa.gov/students/. D．www.childrenoftheearthorg.Passage3（2021·河南·模擬預測）Whatdopeopledowiththeirold,outofdatebutstillusefulcomputers?Mostpeopledon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.Manyoldcomputersareputaway.Manymorearesimplythrownawayasrubbish.Finally,somecompaniesarethinkingofwaystobringdownthenumberofoldcomputers.SonyhasagreedtohelprecycleoldSonyproducts(產(chǎn)品).Dell,HewlettPackardandothercompaniesnowalsotakebacksomeoldcomputersoftheirownbrands.Insomecountries,lawshavebeenpassed,too.Computercompanieshavetopayforcollectingandrecyclingtheirusedproducts.And70%ofthecomputerwastemustberecycled.Theideabehindthelawsisthatcomputercompaniesthemselvesshouldpayforthecost.Thatwillencouragethemtomakecomputerswhichareeasierandcheapertorepairandupgrade(升級).Yetmanypeoplearethrowingawaygoodcomputers,whileotherscannotaffordthematall.Hundredsoforganizationsareworkingonthisproblem.Theycollectandrepairoldcomputers.Somealsoteachothershowtorepaircomputers.Theserepairedcomputersthengotoschools,charities(慈善團體)orpeoplewhoneedthem.Givingausedcomputertooneoftheseorganizationscanturnoneperson’srubbishintosomeoneelse’susefulthingsandcutdownwaste,too.根據(jù)短文內容，選擇正確答案。8．Whatdomanypeopledowitholdcomputers?A．Theyrepairthem. B．Theysellthem.C．Theysendthemtoothers. D．Theystopusingthem.9．Howmanycomputercompaniesarementionedinthesecondparagraph？A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.10．Accordingtothelawsinsomecountries,computercompaniesmust________.A．recyclemostoftheirproducts B．collectalltheirusedproductsC．repairandupgradeoldcomputers D．makemorecheapercomputers11．Whatdotheorganizationsdotosolvetheproblemofoldcomputers?A．Helpthecomputercompaniestocollectthem.B．Repairandsendthemtothosewhoneedthem.C．Helppeopletolearntousethem.D．Turnrubbishintousefulthings.12．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Repairingoldcomputers. B．Encouragingtomakecheapcomputers.C．Recyclingoldcomputers. D．Helpingthosewhoneedcomputers.Passage4（2021·湖南·茶陵縣教育教學研究室一模）Recently,theterm“carbonneutral（碳中和）”hasbeenusedfrequentlyatsomeimportantmeetingsinmanycountries.Manycountrieshaveputforwardthegoalofstriving（奮斗目標）tobecarbonneutral.Chinaisexpectedtobecarbonneutralby2060.So,asmiddleschoolstudents,whatcanwedotoprotecttheenvironmentandlivealowcarbonlife?Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.Travelinagreenway.NowmoreChinesepeoplehavecarsoftheirown.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.Sowe’dbetterdomorewalking,cyclingandlessdriving.Bydoingso,wecansaveenergyandreducepollution.Cutdownwhitepollution.Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.Whenyougotothesupermarket,bringyourownshoppingbags.Savewater.Lack(缺乏)ofwaterresourceswillaffecttheecologicalenvironment(生態(tài)環(huán)境).Sopleaseturnoffthetapafterusingit.Sore(分類)therubbish.Doinggarbageclassification(垃圾分類)inarightwaycanturnwasteintowealth.Plantmoretrees.Plantingmoretreesmeanscuttingdownandreducingthecarbonfootprint(碳足跡)andspreadofgreenhousegases(氣體).Usebothsidesofthepaper.Thepaperproductionprocessusesalotoftrees.Nowisthetimethatweshouldtakeupourresponsibilitytoprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.Let’sjoinourhandsandtakeactionimmediately.13．Whichwayisbadfortheenvironment?A．Walking. B．Ridingabike. C．Driving.14．Whitepollutionmeans________A．waterpollution. B．plasticpollution. C．a(chǎn)irpollution.15．Whenwegoshopping,we’dbetteruse________A．plasticbags. B．shoppingcards. C．shoppingbags.16．Howmanysuggestionsdoesthewritergiveinthepassagetobecarbonneutral?A．5. B．6. C．7.17．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Livealowcarbonlife. B．Soretherubbish. C．Travelinagreenway.Passage5（2021·重慶巴南·一模）①Inmanycountries,peopleareencouragedtobuyelectriccars.Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfortheenvironment.Butisthattrue?②TheUniversityofMinnesotarecentlystudiedemissions(排放物)fromdifferentcars.Thescientistsfoundthatsometimes,electriccarsaremoreharmfulthanpetrol(汽油)cars.③Surprising?Well,pleasepayattentiontotheword“sometimes”.Electriccarsaresupposedtobeclean.Theproblemliesinthepowerthatisusedtocharge(給……充電)them.Ifthepowercomesfromwindorsolarenergy,electriccarswillcauselittlepollution.However,ifthepowerisproducedfromcoal,theywillbeveryharmful.Accordingtothestudy,emissionsfromthesecarskillabout3,000peopleayear.Bycomparison(比較),pollutioncausedbypetrolcarsonlyleadsto880deathsayear.④Infact,salespeoplearenotlyingwhentheysayelectriccarsareclean.However,theyarerightonlywhenthepowerusedtochargetheircarsisalsoclean.⑤So________.InFrance,morethanhalfofthepowercomesfromnuclearstations.Electriccarsthereshouldbeascleanastheyaremarketed(推銷)tobe.Inmanydevelopingcountries,however,electricitystillmainlycomesfromcoal.India,forexample,dependsoncoalfor61percentofitspower.Onlytwopercentofitselectricitycomesfromnuclearenergy.IncountrieslikeIndia,electriccarsarenotcleanatall!18．Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfor________.A．thehealth B．thepower C．thecountry D．theenvironment19．Fromthepassage,weknowthat________.A．electriccarsarealwaysmoreharmfulthanpetrolcarsB．pollutioncausedbypetrolcarsleadsto3,000deathsayearC．emissionsfromelectriccarspoweredbywindorsolarenergyarelessharmfulD．inIndia,onlytwentypercentofitselectricitycomesfromnuclearenergy20．Whichofthefollowingcanbethemissingpart“________”inParagraph5?A．howcleanelectriccarsaredependsonwheretheyaredrivenB．emissionsfromdifferentcarsdodifferentharmtotheenvironmentC．electriccarsinIndiaaremuchcleanerthanthoseinFranceD．electriccarsareascleanastheyaremarketedtobe21．Thebeststructureofthepassageis________.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5)A．①;②③④;⑤ B．①;②③;④⑤ C．①②;③④;⑤ D．①②;③;④⑤Passage6（2021·江蘇姜堰·二模）Thousandsofyearsago,peopledidn’tknowthattheEarthmoved.Theythoughtthesunreallydidmoveacrossthesky.TheGreekgodHelioswassaidtodrivethesunaroundtheskywithhischariot（戰(zhàn)車）.Butnow,theseideashaveallchanged.Nowadays,itisthesunthatdrivesour“chariot”aroundthesky.Sowhatdoesallthismean?Well,quitesimply,thereisnowaplane（or“chariot”）thatispoweredbythesun.Ithasspecialpartsinitswings.Thesepartsabsorbpowerfromthesun.Theyabsorbsomuchpowerthattheycancarryonflyingatnight.IntheGreekmyths（希臘神話）,Helioshadtotakeabreakatnight.Itseemswe’refinallyevenmoreefficientthanthegodsthemselves.ThisplaneiscalledSolarImpulse（“太陽驅動”號）.ItwillflyacrosstheUSinMay.Thisisveryimportantforthefutureoftheworld.Sowhyissolarenergysogoodforus?Well,otherkindsofenergycauseafewproblems.IfyouliveinChina,you’veprobablynoticedthepollution.Thisiscaused