2022中考閱讀理解熱點話題練 專題07 航空航天（解析版）

PAGE14PAGE132022中考閱讀理解熱點話題練專題07航空航天Passage1（2021·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探測器）.Wheredoesthenamecomefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天問）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.ThatiswhyTianwenIwasofficiallynamed,whichisquiteculturalandbeautiful.OnJuly14,2020.TianwenIarrivedattheWenchangSpaceLaunchSite（發(fā)射站）inHainanProvince.ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（發(fā)射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（長征5號運載火箭）.IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.TheChina’sMarsrover（火星車）,Zhurongmovedfromislandingplatform（平臺）ontothesurfaceoftheRedPlanetat10:40a.m.onMay15th,2021,startingisexploration（探險旅程）aroundthelandingsite.The240-kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.BeforeTianwenI,nocountryhadevertriedtosendanorbiter（運行器）,alanderandaroverinonesingleexpedition（考察）toMars.1．WhichcountryisTianwenIMarsprobefrom?A．China. B．America. C．Canada. D．Japan.2．WhywasthefirstMarsprobeheregiventhename,TianwenI?A．BecauseofabookwrittenbyLiBai. B．BecauseofapoemwrittenbyQuYuan.C．Becauseofafamousscientist. D．Becauseofawell-knownengineer.3．WhenwasTianwenIsentintothespace?A．OnJune23,2020. B．OnJune24,2020C．OnJuly23,2020. D．OnJuly24,2020.4．HowlongdidittakeTianwenItotraveltoMars?A．About3months. B．About5months.C．About7months D．About9months.5．WhatdoestheMarsrover,ZhurongsurveyonMars?A．Landformsandgeographysituation.B．Somethingaboutwater,iceandenvironment.C．Otherphysicalfields. D．Alloftheabove.1．A2．B3．C4．C5．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是中國“天問一號”火星探測器的相關內(nèi)容，介紹中國在空間技術(shù)發(fā)展上外空探索所取得的成就。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探測器）.”可知，天問一號是中國首個火星探測器，故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wheredoesthenamecomefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天問）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.”可知，“天問”這個名字來自屈原的長詩《天問》，故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（發(fā)射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（長征5號運載火箭）.”可知，2020年7月23日12時41分，航天探測器“天問一號”搭載長征五號運載火箭升空。故選C。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.”可知，天問一號花了7個月的時間到達火星。故選C。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The240-kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.”可知，它被用來調(diào)查火星的地形、地理狀況，以及水、冰、環(huán)境和其他物理領域。故選D。Passage2（2021·湖北荊門·中考真題）OntheearlymorningofDecember17,theChang’e-5lunarprobe(月球探測器)landedsafelyonthegrasslandsinInnerMongolia,meaningtheChang’e-5mission(任務)endedsuccessfully.Chang’e-5waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonNovember24,2020.OnDecember1,theprobegottothemoon.Duringthestayonthemoon,itcollected1,731gramsofrockandsoilsamples(樣品).OnDecember3,ournationalflagwasshownonthemoon.Afterthat,theprobewasreadytogohome.Chinaisnostrangertolunarexploration(探月)programs.Overtheyears,ithassentanumberofincreasinglychallengingmissionstothemoon.OneofthemostfamousmissionswasthehistoriclandingofChang’e-4spacecraftonthemoon’sfarsidein2019.AsChang’e-5reachedanewareaofthemoon,thislaunchsuccessfullypushedthelimits(極限)evenfurther.It’snodoubtagreatstepforwardforthespaceindustry.ThisisatrulyhistoriceventforChina’sspaceprogram,makingChinathethirdnationintheworldtobringsamplesbackfromthemoon.ThesuccesshasalsomadeChang’e-5thefirstspacecrafttobringbacksamplesfromthemoonsince1976whenaRussianspaceshipbroughtback170.1gramsofsamplestotheearth.Thiswasnoeasytask,butChinahasmadeit.6．HowlongdidthewholeChang’e-5missionlast?A．Abouthalfamonth. B．Around10days.C．Overamonth. D．Morethan20days.7．Theunderlinedword“l(fā)aunched”inparagraph2means________inChinese.A．回收 B．發(fā)射 C．發(fā)明 D．銷毀8．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout________.A．theimportanceofspaceexplorationB．thedifficultyinlunarexplorationC．thefutureofChina’sspaceprogramD．theprogressinChina’smoonmissions9．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A．CULTURE B．TRAVEL C．SCIENCE D．SPORT6．D7．B8．D9．C【分析】本文向我們介紹嫦娥五號月球探測器安全降落在內(nèi)蒙古，這對中國的太空計劃來說是一個真正的歷史性事件，使中國成為世界上第三個從月球帶回樣本的國家。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OntheearlymorningofDecember17,theChang’e-5lunarprobe(月球探測器)landedsafelyonthegrasslandsinInnerMongolia”和第二段“Chang’e-5waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonNovember24,2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五號在海南省文昌航天發(fā)射中心發(fā)射升空，在12月17日凌晨嫦娥五號月球探測器安全降落在內(nèi)蒙古草原，共計歷時24天，故選D。7．詞義猜測題。分析“Chang’e-5waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonNovember24,2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五號在海南省文昌航天發(fā)射中心發(fā)射升空。所以launched的意思是“發(fā)射”，故選B。8．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Chinaisnostrangertolunarexploration(探月)programs.Overtheyears,ithassentanumberofincreasinglychallengingmissionstothemoon.”可知，中國對探月計劃并不陌生，多年來中國向月球發(fā)射了一系列越來越具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務。選項D“中國登月計劃的進展”符合大意，故選D。9．推理判斷題。本文主要向我們介紹航空航天方面的情況，所以最有可能在科學版塊看到這篇文章，故選C。Passage3（2021·廣西賀州·中考真題）Haveyoueverheardofsatellites（衛(wèi)星）?Whataretheyusedfor?Satellitesarehelpingtoforecast（預報）theweathernow.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Thesatellitestakepicturesoftheatmosphere,wheretheweatherforms.Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstations.Someteorologists（氣象學家）canseetheweatherofanypartoftheworld.Fromthepictures,thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchangesothatitcanworkbetterforpeople.Nowadays,moreandmorecountrieshaveweathersatellites.Nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriesreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivethenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwiththeearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,themeteorologistscansaytheweatherwillchangesoon.Sotheweathersatellitesareagreathelptothemeteorologists.Beforesatelliteswereinvented,themeteorologistscouldonlyforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hours.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforabouttwoweeks.Soontheymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherformorethantwoweeksormoreahead.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,weathersatelliteswillworkbetterandbetterinpeople’slife.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項。10．Fromthesecondparagraphwecanknowsatellitestravel________.A．intheatmosphere B．inspace C．ontheground D．intheclouds11．Nowadays,meteorologistsforecasttheweather________.A．withoutstudyingsatellitepicturesB．beforereceivingsatellitepicturesC．whenreceivingsatellitepicturesD．a(chǎn)ftercomparingthenewsatellitepictureswiththeearlierones12．Accordingtothepassage,maybemeteorologistswillsoonbeabletoforecasttheweatherfor________.A．a(chǎn)bout24or48hours B．a(chǎn)boutaweekC．lessthantwoweeks D．morethan14daysorevenlonger13．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Satellitescanreachanypartoftheworld.B．Satellitescantakepicturesoftheearth.C．Satellitesareusedforforecastingtheweather.D．Moreandmorecountrieshaveweathersatellites.10．B11．D12．D13．C【分析】本文主要講述了現(xiàn)在利用氣象衛(wèi)星進行天氣預報的方法，以及利用氣象衛(wèi)星進行天氣預報的意義及應用前景。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.”可知，衛(wèi)星在太空中，故選B。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whentheyreceivethenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwiththeearlierones.”可知，當他們收到新的圖片時，氣象學家會將它們與之前的圖片進行比較。故選D。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Soontheymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherformorethantwoweeksormoreahead.”可知，很快，他們就可以預測未來兩周或更長時間的天氣了。故選D。13．主旨大意題。本文主要講述了現(xiàn)在利用氣象衛(wèi)星進行天氣預報的方法，以及利用氣象衛(wèi)星進行天氣預報的意義及應用前景。選項C“衛(wèi)星被用來預報天氣”符合主題，故選C。Passage4（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·二模）Chinesespaceexplorationmadegreatachievementsin2020,withthemostimportanteventbeingtheChang’e5mission(任務).TheChang’e5wasChina’sfirstsample(樣本)returnmission.Ittravelledinspacefor23daysandandbroughtback1.7kgoflunarrockandsoilsamplestoEarth.Thiswastheworld'sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytocompletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion.Asthecountry’smostdifficultmissionyet,Change’s5markedamajorstepforwardforChina’sspaceexploration.Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearchthatwillimproveunderstandingofthestate,temperature,andmaterialcontentofthemoon.Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescienceandtechnologymuseumtoencouragescientificinterest.“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth,”aplanetaryscientistattheChinaUniversityofGeosciencesinWuhansaid.Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole.TheChange’5landingareawasverydeliberatelychosen.TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologically(地質(zhì)學上)youngerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagap(空白)inunderstandingthemoon’svolcanic(火山的)activityandevolution(演變).Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries.Someforeignscientistshaveshowninterest.Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes,butforthepurposeofinternationalscientificresearch.Mankindwillexplorethemoontogether,aslargeexplorationprojectswillrequireinternationalcooperation(合作)inthefuture.Chinawillplayaleadshiproleintheinternationalscientificcommunity.14．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6mean?A．easily B．carefully C．rapidly D．completely15．Thesamplesfromthemooncanbeusedinmanyways,except________.A．researchinthelaboratories B．sharewithscientistsfromothercountriesC．dobusinesswithforeigncountriesD．displayinscienceandtechnologymuseums16．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowabouttheChang’e5mission?A．Itwastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmission.B．Itmadeacontributiontomankind’sspaceexploration.C．Itwascompletedwiththehelpofsomeothercountries.D．ItslandingareawasnotasgoodastheUSA’sandSoviet’s.17．Whatcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassage?A．Spaceexplorationisthemostimportantscientificfield.B．Wearesuretomakeachievementsifweworktogether.C．Thenewsamplescouldhelpscientistsunderstandtheearthbetter.D．Thesuccessfuleventmightencouragemorepeopletostudyscience.14．B15．C16．B17．D【分析】本文是新聞報道，介紹了嫦娥五號樣本返回任務及其重要意義。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagapinunderstandingthemoon’svolcanicactivityandevolution”，可知選擇5號著陸區(qū)域是經(jīng)過慎重論證的；carefully符合語境，故選B。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)3/4/7自然段“Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearch…Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescience…Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries”，結(jié)合“Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes”，可知不會用于和外國做生意，故選C。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole”，可知嫦娥五號任務為人類的太空探索作出了貢獻，故選B。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth”，可推知會鼓勵更多的人學習并研究科學，故選D。Passage5（2021·安徽廬江·一模）OnDecember17th,2020,thereturncapsule(返回器)ofChina’sChang’e-5probe(探測器)safelytoucheddownonitslandingplace.Itbroughtbackthecountry’sfirstmoonrocksandsoilcollectedfromthemoon.Behindthesuccessofthemission(任務)wereateamofgreatscientists.Oneofthemwasa24-year-oldyounggirlnamedZhouChengyu.Now,Zhouhasbecometheyoungestwomancommander(指揮員)attheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSiteinHainan.Zhou’sworkmatesoftencallher“BigSister”.Shehasnowtakenpartinfivespacemissions,Allofthemrequirethehighestlevelofspaceknowledgeandpersonalability.IntheChange-5mission,Zhousuccessfullycompletedhercommandingtask.Thiswasoneofthemostimportantrolesinthemission.PeoplehavespokenhighlyofZhou’sachievements,consideringherasarolemodelforteenagerstolookupto.However,theyoungcommanderhasshownnointerestinbeingfamous.Infact,Zhouhasturneddownmanyinterviews.Shefeelsthattheywillonlygetinthewayofherwork.Zhou’sstorypassesanencouragingmessage:Youngpeoplecangetgreatsuccessinscienceorspace.18．WhenwasZhouChengyuborn?A．In1994. B．In1996. C．In1998. D．In2000.19．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph3?A．ZhouChengyujoinedinfivemoonmissions.B．ZhouChengyuisarolemodelbyteenagers.C．Zhoucancontrolalltheconnectorprograms.D．ZhouwasthetopofallthescientistsintheChang’e-5mission.20．HowdoesZhouChengyuliketheinterviews?A．Theyinfluenceherwork.B．Theycanimproveherpersonalability.C．Theymakehergetfamous.D．TheyhelpspreadthesuccessoftheChang’e-5probe.21．What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．ToexplainwhyZhouChengyuiscalled“BigSister”.B．TotellustheexperienceofZhouChengyu’ssuccess.C．Toshowyoungpeoplecangetgreatsuccessinscience.D．TointroducethelaunchoftheChang’e-5probe.18．B19．B20．A21．C【分析】本文是新聞報道，通過對周承鈺事跡的報道，告訴人們年輕人可以在科學或太空領域取得巨大成功。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnDecember17th,2020,thereturncapsuleofChina’sChang’e-5probesafelytoucheddownonitslandingplace…Oneofthemwasa24-year-oldyounggirlnamedZhouChengyu”，可知周承鈺出生于1996年，故選B。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PeoplehavespokenhighlyofZhou’sachievements,consideringherasarolemodelforteenagerstolookupto”，可知她是青少年的榜樣，故選B。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Infact,Zhouhasturneddownmanyinterviews.Shefeelsthattheywillonlygetinthewayofherwork”，可知她認為采訪影響了她的工作；getinthewayof和influence同義，故選A。21．主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文對周的介紹，結(jié)合最后“Zhou’sstorypassesanencouragingmessage:Youngpeoplecangetgreatsuccessinscienceorspace”，可知本文通過周承鈺的故事告訴人們，年輕人可以在科學上取得巨大的成功，故選C。Passage6（2021·山東·禹城市教育和體育局二模）Chinesespaceexploration(探索)madegreatachievementsin2020,withthemostsignificanteventbeingtheChang’e5mission(任務),ChinaDailyreported.TheChang’e5wasChinasfirstsample(樣本)returnmission.Ittraveledinspacefor23daysandbroughtback1.7kgoflunar(月球的)rockandsoilsamplestoEarth.Thiswastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytocompletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion.Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearchthatwillimproveunderstandingofthestate,temperature,andmaterialcontent(物質(zhì)含量)ofthemoon.Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplaytoencouragescientificinterest.“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth,”XiaoLong,aplanetaryscientistsaid.Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole.TheChang’e5landingsitewasverydeliberately(審慎地)chosen.TheMonsRumkersite,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelptounderstandthemoon’svolcanic(火山的)activityandevolution(演變).Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssampleswithscientistsfromothercountries.Someforeignscientistshaveshowninterest.Lunarexplorationisforthebenefit(利益)ofinternationalscientificresearch.Mankindwillexplorethemoontogether,aslargeexplorationprojectswillrequireinternationalcooperationinthefuture.Chinawillplayaleadershiproleintheinternationalscientificcommunity,ChinaDailynoted.AccordingtoPresidentXi,themissionwasalsothelatestachievementbyChina’soverallsystem,whichischaracterizedbyitsabilitytomobilise(調(diào)動)allavailableresourcestodealwithdifficultiesandachieveitsgoals.Thiswillplayabigroleinfuturespacemissions.22．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?A．dangerous B．helpful C．important D．painful23．Whatdoweknowaboutthemission?A．Itwasdonesecretly.B．Themissionslandingsitehasneverbeensampledbefore.C．Itinvolvedcooperationwithothercountries.D．Itwasthefirstlunarreturnmissionever24．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhatChina’sfuturespacemissionswillbelike.B．China’sabilitytouniteothercountries.C．TheroleChinawillplayinfuturespaceexploration.D．ThedisadvantagesofChina’ssystem25．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．TheUnitedStateswillleadtheinternationalscientificcommunity.B．Wecaneasilymakeachievementsifweworktogether.C．Chang’e5missionmightencouragemorepeopletostudyscience.D．Spaceexplorationisthemostimportantscientificfield.26．Thispassagemaybefoundin/ona________.A．notebook B．guidebook C．newspaper D．storybook22．C23．B24．C25．C26．C【分析】本文是新聞報道，介紹了嫦娥五號探月任務，說明中國的太空探索取得了巨大成就。22．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Thiswastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytocompletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion”，可知嫦娥五號登月意義重大，important符合題意，故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“TheMonsRumkersite,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions”，結(jié)合下文科學家的看法，可知這次任務的著陸點以前從未進行過采樣，故選B。24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后“Thiswillplayabigroleinfuturespacemissions”，可知中國在未來太空探索中將扮演重要角色，故選C。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplaytoencouragescientificinterest”，結(jié)合科學家的看法“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth”，可知嫦娥五號任務可能會鼓勵更多的人學習科學，故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ChinaDailyreported”，可知是新聞報道，應該能在報紙上讀到，故選C。Passage7（2021·廣東·連州市教育局教研室二模）Chinaisplanningtocarryoutmorethan40rocketlaunches(火箭發(fā)射)in2021,thehighestevertotal,asitcontinuestoexpanditsambitionsinspace.TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation,accordingtotheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CAST)’s(中國航天科技集團公司）officialWeChataccount.Before2007,Chinahadnevercarriedoutmorethan10launchesayear.Butsincethenithasrapidgrowth,carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry.“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear,”CASTsaidinJanuary,2021.ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstocompletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission,andwillalsocarryoutretrievalmissionsandtestin-orbittechnologies,accordingtostatemedia.Thecountry’sfirstmissiontoMarsTianwen-1isalsoduetoreachtheRedPlanetinFebruary,andwillaimtolandaroveronthesurface.Thespaceprogrammewillalsocontinuetoworkonspacestationmodulesandprepareforacrewedlunarmission,aswellascontinuingtodeveloptheBeidounavigationsystem,arivaltotheUSGPS,foruseinthecivilianaviationindustry.27．AccordingtoCAST,theplannedlaunchesinclude________.A．theChina’sfirstspacestation B．152rocketsC．thecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation D．thecoremoduleofarocket28．Whatdoestheword“critical”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．簡單的 B．關鍵的 C．批評的 D．方便的29．Chinahascarriedout152launchesover________.A．thelasttwodecades B．thelastyear C．thelastmonthD．thelastfiveyears30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．ItaimstocompletetheconstructionoftheTiangongSpaceStationbytheendof2021.B．Chinahascarriedoutmostlaunchesoverthelastfiveyears.C．Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission.D．Tianwen-1isduetoreachMarsinFebruary.31．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．thetripofTianwen-1 B．thespaceprogrammeofChinaC．therocketlaunchesofChinaoverthelastyear D．thecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStation27．C28．B29．D30．A31．B【分析】本文主要介紹了中國的空間計劃。27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation”可知，計劃中的發(fā)射包括中國第一個空間站的核心模塊。故選C。28．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear”可知，中國載人空間站項目將進入關鍵階段，并將成為全年空間計劃的重中之重，“critical”的意思是“關鍵的”。故選B。29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry”可知，在過去五年中進行了152次發(fā)射。故選D。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstocompletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.”可知，計劃明年（2022年）年底完成天宮空間站的建設，A選項表述有誤。故選A。31．主旨大意題。閱讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了中國的空間計劃。故選B。Passage8（2021·江蘇·淮安市黃集九年制學校一模）OnFebruary18,NASA’sPerseverancerover（“毅力”號火星車）madeahistoriclandingonthesurfaceofMars.ThisisthefifthroverNASAhassenttoMarsanditisfulloffirsts.Itwillbethefirstrovertosearchforsignsofancientlife.Ahelicopter（直升機）willflyontheplanetforthefirsttimeaswell.Theroverisalsobetteratsolvingproblemsonitsownthanprevious（先前的）rovers.LandingaspacecraftonMarsisn’teasy.Ithadtogothroughthe“sevenminutesofterror”（驚險七分鐘）,asNASAcallsthelandingprocess,allbyitself.Sinceittakes11minutesforaradiosignaltotravelfromEarthtoMars,NASAcouldn’tcontrolthecraftduringtheporcess.ThespacecrafthitthetopoftheMartianatmosphere（大氣層）movingat12,000milesperhour（19,300kmperhour）andhadtoslowdownto1.7milesperhour（2.7kmperhour）withinsevenminutesbeforelanding.Drag（空氣阻力）thatwasc