山東省菏澤市中考英語總復(fù)習-語法十-非謂語動詞講義

菏澤語法十非謂語動詞考點1

動詞不定式動詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動詞原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not。動詞不定式具有動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。(1)作主語動詞不定式作主語時，可以用動名詞替換且常用it作形式主語，把動詞不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“It＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋動詞不定式”。It'simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(對我們來說)保護環(huán)境很重要。(2)作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語。(3)作賓語或賓語補足語①接todo作賓語的動詞或短語有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plan等。②接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。③在使役動詞make,let,have和感官動詞see,feel,notice,look,smell等的后面作賓語補足語時，不定式符號to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶。makesb.dosth.的被動語態(tài)必須加tomakesb.dosth.中用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，但是變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號to要還原。(4)作定語Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。★動詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。Thecatiseasytotakecareof.這只貓很容易照顧。(5)作狀語Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上?？此畠骸?目的)We'regladtomeetyouhere.我們很高興在這兒見到你。(原因)Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果)(6)“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who,what,when,where,how,which等后接動詞不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo(＝whereheshouldgo)．他不知道去哪里。(7)含動詞不定式的特殊句型與短語too...to...太……而不能……Whydon'tyoudosth.？為什么不做某事？hadbetterdosth.最好做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事makesb.dosth.讓某人去做某事bemadetodosth.被迫做某事1．(2017·齊齊哈爾中考)—Ittakesmehalfanhour__playingthepiano.Howaboutyou?—Iusuallyspend20minutes__it.

A．practicing;onB．topractice;inC．topractice;onC2．(2017·綏化中考)Myparentshavealotofhousework__．A．do B．todo C．doing3．(2017·齊齊哈爾中考)Itisrainingoutside.Whynot__anumbrella?A．totake B．take C．takingBB4．Asavolunteer,thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital__themup.A．tocheer B．cheerC．cheering D．cheered5．Hefounditimportant__thesituationallovertheworld.A．study B．tostudyC．studies D．tobestudiedAB6．(2017·南充中考)—Mario,yourmobilephoneisringing.—Waitaminute.It'sdangerousforus__itwhilecrossingthestreet.A．a(chǎn)nsweringB．toanswerC．a(chǎn)nswerD．a(chǎn)nsweredB7．(2017·宜賓中考)Thechildiscrying.Pleasedosomethingtomakehim__．A．stoptocryB．stopcryingC．tostopcryingB8．(2017·天津中考)Weonlyplanned__theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.A．watch B．watches C．towatch D．watched9．Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter__．A．notwakeuphimB．nottowakeuphimC．notwakehimupD．nottowakehimupCC10．(2017·河南中考)Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus__surewedon'tbreakanything.A．makeB．madeC．tomakeD．makingC11．—Hi,Betty.Shallwegoswimmingthatday?—Sorry,Ihavealotofhomework__thisSunday.A．todoB．doneC．doD．tobedoneA12．(2017·長春中考)__Chineseculture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.A．SpreadingB．TospreadC．SpreadsD．SpreadB13．(2017·郴州中考)—Whatshallwedothisweekend?—We'lldrivetoDongjiangLake__boating.A．togo B．go C．going14．(2017·海南中考)Aftertwohours'drive,thedriverdecided__andhavearest.A．stop B．tostop C．stoppingAB15．(2017·揚州中考)MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime__herwordsonpaper.A．put B．putting C．toput D．puts16．Themeetingroomisbigenough__onehundredpeople.A．holding B．hold C．tohold D．holdsCC考點2

動名詞動名詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語和狀語)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。(1)動名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu)①只能跟動名詞的動詞或短語有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,can'thelpdoing,giveupdoing,makealiving(by)doing,putoffdoing等。②have＋n.＋(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,haveproblems/difficulties(in)doing等。③todoing結(jié)構(gòu)，to是介詞be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。(2)有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞，但表達的意義不同。17．Haveyouforgotten__$1，000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember__ittomorrow?A．borrowing;tobringB．toborrow;tobringC．borrowed;bringingD．borrowing;bringingA18．(2017·龍東中考)—Wouldyoumind__here?—Ofcoursenot.I'll___mycigaretteatonce.A．notsmoking;putawayB．notsmoking;putoutC．nottosmoke;putoffB19．Everyonethinkstheproblemishard,buthehasnodifficulty__theproblem.A．workingoutB．havingworkedoutC．tohaveworkedoutD．toworkoutA20．(2017·黃岡中考)—NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.—Yeah!Manypeoplecanhardlyavoid__productsmadeinChina.A．tobuy B．buyingC．bought D．buyB21．Mybrotherkeeps__mewithmywork.A．tohelp B．helpC．helping D．helped22．I'veenjoyed__totakewithyou.A．tobeable B．beingableC．tobeenable D．ofbeingableCB23．Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout__thedoor.A．knock B．knockingatC．toknockat D．knockingto24．(2017·重慶中考)Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinishes__hishomeworkontime.A．do B．didC．does D．doingBD25．(2017·渝北中考)Therearesomepeople__soccerinthepark.A．playB．playsC．playingD．toplayC26．(2017·常州中考)—Whydoesn'tthesurgeonstop__lunch?—Becauseheistoobusy____adyingpatientintheoperationroom.A．tohave;tosave B．having;tosaveC．tohave;saving D．having;savingC27．(2017·淮安中考)Theresearchhedevoteshimselfto__thefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.A．helpingB．tohelpC．helpD．helpedA考點3

現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成，表示主動、進行意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語等。Thecryinggirlcan'tfindhermother.那個正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語)Thestoryisinteresting.這個故事很有趣。(表語)Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習。(賓語補足語)Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.只要你努力學(xué)習，就會通過考試。(狀語)28．(2017·龍東中考)—IsawJim__intothatnewbuildingjustnow.—Oh,it'sournewlibrary.It__tothepublicforaweek.A．walk;hasopenedB．walking;hasbeenopenC．walking;hasopenedB29．Iheardhim__anEnglishsongwhenIpassedhisroomlastnight.A．singB．singingC．sungD．tosingB30．(2016·衡陽中考)Thenovelisgreat.It'swellworth__．A．readB．readsC．readingC考點4

過去分詞(1)由“動詞原形＋-ed”構(gòu)成，表示被動、完成意義，在句中作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等。