The-world-of-science-第2課時(shí)-Using-language(學(xué)生版)

2019外研版必修三Unit3Theworldofscience3.2Usinglanguage目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯和詞轉(zhuǎn)____________adj.重要的，影響深遠(yuǎn)的→____________n.重要injurevt.受傷→____________n.受傷，傷口→____________adj.受傷的3.____________n.精確→accurateadj.精確的4.____________n.少數(shù)→minoradj.小的5.originn.起源→____________adj.起初的6.mentaladj.精神的，心理的→____________adv.心理上7.____________n.物種8.____________streamn.小河，小溪9.extraordinaryadj.____________10.____________n.學(xué)說，理論11.brilliantadj.____________12.____________n.藥劑，療法重點(diǎn)詞組1.forinstance____________2.passivevoice____________3.____________受傷4.____________少數(shù)5____________大多數(shù)6.naturalselection____________7.fieldresearch____________8.____________心理健康9.____________治愈某人的病10.____________在理論上重點(diǎn)語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.NothinglikethishavebeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)課文原句感知：Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.NothinglikethishavebeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment!考點(diǎn)精講：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,但主語為動(dòng)作的承受者,表示“……已經(jīng)被……”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)就是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的疊合,即“have/hasbeendone”。一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的具體構(gòu)成:1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式:have/hasbeendone。2.完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式:have/hasnotbeendone。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將have/has提到主語的前面,即Have/Has+主語+beendone。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have/hasbeendone。*(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.由于對(duì)全球北極熊種群的研究不足,因此很難確定其數(shù)量。*Theyhavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.他們被多次告知不要喧嘩。*Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行車修好了嗎?*Whohasbeeninvited?誰受到了邀請(qǐng)?【即學(xué)即練】(1)Theexperiment_____________successfully.這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。(2)Thebooks______________________bythestudents.那些書還沒有被學(xué)生們借走。(3)____thesportsmeeting___________untilnextFriday?運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎? (4)Soeventheolivewreath________________.就連橄欖枝花環(huán)也被取代了。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法:1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,通常與already,yet,just,never,recently等副詞連用。*Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.房間已經(jīng)被清掃干凈了。(意為“已不用清掃辦公室了”)*Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.還沒有派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。(意為“應(yīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生”)*Theofficehasjustbeencleaned.辦公室剛被打掃過。(意為“已不用清掃房間了”)*Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.這樣的事以前從未聽說過。(意為“現(xiàn)在才聽說”)2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)下去,常與for或since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,或用于Howlong...?句型中。*Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺(tái)機(jī)器已修了兩小時(shí)了。*(全國卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.追蹤北極熊數(shù)量的現(xiàn)代方法自從20世紀(jì)80年代中期才被采用。*Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?這項(xiàng)工程已被實(shí)施多長時(shí)間了?【即學(xué)即練】(1)ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere__________________yet.詹姆斯教授將要給我們作西方文化的演講,但是時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)還沒有決定。(2)Thewatch___just________________________.這只手表剛剛被清理和修理過。(3)_____theletters___________?信已經(jīng)寄出去了嗎?(4)______________themachine_____________?這個(gè)機(jī)器被修了多長時(shí)間了?注意：使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的問題:1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,即have/has和been,兩者缺一不可。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候,其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重說明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。*Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.這房子是去年建造的。*Thehousehasbeenbuilt.這房子已經(jīng)建好了。3.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,join,marry,open等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語如forfourdays,howlong等連用,而要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。但這類動(dòng)詞的否定式可表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程,具有延續(xù)性,因而可與since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用。例如：*這本書買了多久了?誤:Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?正:Howlongagowasthisbookbought?*Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以來,沒有人來買過書?！炯磳W(xué)即練】語法填空(1)Thebridge________(build)lastyear.

(2)Thecase_____________(try)recently.

(3)Greatchanges__________(take)placeinmyhometown.

(4)Sofar,manyvillages_______________(visit)

答案：wasbuilthasbeentriedhavetakenhavebeenvisited鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)單句填空1.We'reconfidentthattheenvironment_______________________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.2.It________________________(decide)thatwewillgettrainedintheschoolgym.3.Tomydelight,I_______________________(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.4.Muchofthedebatesofar________________________(focus)onthesafetydriver-lesscars.5.Uptonowmoreandmorehigh-risebuildings_______________________(build)inbigcitiesforlackofspace.6.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar________________________(repair).7.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.8.Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe_______________________(follow).9.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms________________________(produce)allovertheworld.10.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_________________________(complete)bynow.11.Manynewbridges_________________(built)since2010.

12.Ourclassroom_________________(clean);youneedn’tcleanitnow.

13.Allpossiblemeans_________________(try),butnothingcanpreventthebuildingsfrombeingpulleddown.

14.Manyanewmeasure_________________(put)forwardtoreduceairpollutionsofar.

15.Theconstructionofthetworailwaylines_________________(complete)bynow.

二、把下列句子改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Haveyouconfirmedtomorrow'smeeting?_________________________________________________________________________________________Hehaspressedthestartbuttonandthewashingmachineisworking._________________________________________________________________________________________Anunknownvirushasjustattackedmycomputer._________________________________________________________________________________________Thecompanyhasdonateditscomputerstoalocalschool._________________________________________________________________________________________Thescientistshavedevelopedakindofintelligentrobot._________________________________________________________________________________________能力提升能力提升三、單句語法填空1.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_____________________(belong)tothewell-educated.2.(2019?天津卷改編)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_____________________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.Everypossiblemeans______________________(try)tostopthebadbehavior,buttheydon'tworkatall.4.Overthepasttenyears,thistown____________________(hit)byearthquakes.5.Allthepreparationsforthetask_____________________(complete),andwearereadytostart.6.-Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater_____________________(pollute).7.Lindamakessurethetables_____________________(set)beforetheguestsarrive.8.Inthepastfiveyears,agreatmanytrees______________________(plant)aroundmyvillage.9.-Themachineisworkingagain!-Yes,itbrokedownyesterday,butit_______________________(fix).10.Greatchanges______________________(take)placeinmyhometownsince2000.四、用被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯句子1.窗戶已經(jīng)好幾周沒擦了。(clean)_________________________________________________________________________________________到目前為止已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了名單。(confirm)_________________________________________________________________________________________我的個(gè)人信息還沒有更新。(update)_________________________________________________________________________________________在過去的一年里,我受到激勵(lì)去買了電子書。(inspire)_________________________________________________________________________________________這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)用了好幾次了。(use)_________________________________________________________________________________________語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填人1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Nowadays,everyfamilyproduceselectronicrubbish(e-rubbish)—61oldTVorcomputerprinter,oranout-of-datemobilephonewenolongerneed.Butwhenwethrowtheseeverydaythingsaway,notmanyof62(we)knowwheretheseobjectsgo.Thereporter,PeterEssick,decided63(follow)thise-rubbishtoseveraldifferentcountriesaroundtheworld.Later,Essickfoundalotofe-rubbishhadgonetoGhana,64hesawmountainsofoldcomputers.Inthelocalmarkets,he65(discover)thesellersresellsomeofthecomputers,andofcoursemostofthemdon’twork.Theyrecyclethebrokencomputersbymelting(融化)thepartsinside.Thesepartshavealittlemetalsuchascopperorevengoldsometimes.However,thisprocessof66(recycle)isdangerousfortheworkersbecauseitproducesalotofpoisonouschemicals.Asaresultofhisjourney,PeterEssickthinksitisimportanttostopexportinge-rubbish.Itis67(harm)totheenvironmentanditisbadfor68(people)health.PeterEssickbelievesfactoriesneedtoproducemoreeco-friendlyelectronicsinthefuture.69otherwords,theyshouldproduceelectronicproductswhichpeoplecanrecycle70(cheap)andinthecountrywheretheyweremade.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheJapanesebranchoftheChineseLiteratureReaders'ClubwasestablishedattheChinaCulturalCenterinTokyo__61__September,2022.TheeventhadChinesesci-fiwritersWangJinkang,BaoShu,andQiYue,alongsideJapanesesci-fiwriterTaiyoFujiiandNozomiOomori,theJ