2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)第二編語(yǔ)法突破專題2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析外研版

PAGE專題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，61)A90－year－oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for________(be)Britain'soldestfull－timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.答案：being介詞for后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用其動(dòng)名詞形式。2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，68)Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort－listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.答案：sayingsay與前面的acall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾acall。3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，64)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.答案：looking動(dòng)詞avoid后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。此處表示“避開干脆看他的眼睛”，應(yīng)填looking。4．(2024·天津高考，4)________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.答案：Learning本空在主句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。5．(2024·天津高考，10)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst－yearstudentsacoursespecially________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.答案：designedacourse與design之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。6．(2024·浙江高考，63)Butsomestudentsdidn'twant________(wear)theuniform.答案：towearwanttodosth.“想要做某事”，固定用法。7．(2024·江蘇高考，30)________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.答案：Toenjoy句意：為了享受電子支付的便利，很多老年人起先運(yùn)用智能手機(jī)。運(yùn)用智能手機(jī)的目的是享受電子支付的便利，故用不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。8．(2024·江蘇高考，32)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.答案：recognizing句意：中國(guó)的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升，更多的國(guó)家相識(shí)到中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的作用。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ))，morecountries與recognize(承認(rèn)，相識(shí)，認(rèn)可)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。9．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.__________________________________________________________________答案：say→saying分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，cheered是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，say前沒有并列連詞，所以say只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；主語(yǔ)與say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。10．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，短文改錯(cuò))IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.__________________________________________________________________答案：manage→managingsucceedindoingsth.“勝利做某事”。動(dòng)詞-ing形式1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)用法例句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)①Itisnousesendinghimaletterofapology.②Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimedoesharmtoone'sskin.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)①Nothingcanstoptheplanfrombeingcarriedout.②Haveyouconsideredmakingcontributionstoyourhometownaftergraduation？作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，有兩種不同的含義①M(fèi)yjobisteaching.(說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容)②Thenewsisexciting.(說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì))比較：Heisreading.(正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)[留意]①常見的后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有：動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的形式意義finish,practice,enjoy,mind,avoid,admit,appreciate,feellike,suggest,stand,risk,consider,escape,miss,delay,dislike,imagine,understand,lookforwardto,insiston,can'thelp,getdownto＋doing詞義不變continue,like,love,begin,start,learn＋doing意義基本相同＋todogoon,remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop＋doing與已做的事有關(guān)＋todo表示將來(lái)要做的事情advise,allow,permit,forbid,encourage＋doing“建議/允許/禁止/激勵(lì)”做某事＋sb.todosth.“建議/允許/禁止/激勵(lì)”某人做某事②有關(guān)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的短語(yǔ)或句型：spendsometimedoingsth.花時(shí)間做某事havefun/haveagoodtime/haveabadtimedoingsth.很(不)開心做某事have(no)difficultydoingsth.做某事(沒)有困難catchsb.doingsth.逮住某人在做某事thereisnopointdoingsth.做某事沒有意義thereisnodenyingthat...毋庸置疑……It'snouse/gooddoingsth.做某事沒有用/沒好處beworthdoingsth.某事值得(被)做bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事can'thelpdoingsth.不由自主做某事sth.needsdoing某事須要被做endupdoingsth.結(jié)果做了某事2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式用法例句作狀語(yǔ)doing表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，可以表示緣由、條件、伴隨等。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示順理成章的結(jié)果①Findinghercarstolen,sheturnedtoapolicemanforhelp.(緣由)②Herantoofast,fallingtotheground.(結(jié)果)③Workinghard(Ifyouworkhard),youwillsurelysucceed.(條件)havingdone表示主動(dòng)，該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前Nothavingreceivedanyreply,hedecidedtowriteagain.havingbeendone表示被動(dòng)、完成，該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前Havingbeenkeptinthefridgefortwohours,thefoodhasgonebad.作定語(yǔ)doing表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，假如是動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)，要置于所修飾的名詞之后①Ihavehadratheradepressingtime.②Thereweresomechildrenswimmingintheriver.beingdone作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)、且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Thequestionbeingdiscussedatthemeetingnowisveryimportant.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)doing表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。假如是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，那么，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就變成主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①Icanseesomekidsplayingontheplayground.②Theboywascaughtcheatingintheexam.[留意]英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也可以用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意義有所不同。如seesb.dosth.(看到某人做了某事，表示看到事情的全過(guò)程)和seesb.doingsth.(看到某人正在做某事，表示看到的是正在發(fā)生的事情)。常見的用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：feel,hear,notice,see,watch,obverse,listento,lookat等。過(guò)去分詞用法例句作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句，可以表示時(shí)間、緣由、條件等，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句①Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.②United,westand;divided,wefall.狀語(yǔ)從句改成過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)①Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.②Iwon'tgotothepartyunlessinvited.作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于省略了“which/that＋be”的定語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，假如是單個(gè)的詞，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前①Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.②Thebridge,builtin1950,stillstandstoday.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此類動(dòng)詞有：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等①IheardthesongsunginEnglish.②Hefelthimselfcheated.作表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此類動(dòng)詞有：have,get,keep,leave等①I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.②Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.③Don'tleavethosethingsundone.make后面接反身代詞，接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示“使自己被……”Hespokeinaloudervoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.在“with＋復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作Witheverythingdone,wewenthome.作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用來(lái)修飾人，而用動(dòng)詞-ing形式修飾物ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.動(dòng)詞不定式1．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可以和疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。用法例句作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)置于后面，即“Itis＋形容詞或名詞＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.”①ItisimportantforyoutolearnChinesewell.②Itiskindofyoutohavegivenussomuchhelp.作表語(yǔ)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有what/all/everything等代詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do(表示“做”)的某種形式，那么作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以不帶to①Whatweshoulddoatthemomentis(to)studyhard.②Allhedidatworkwas(to)pressthebuttonifnecessary.作賓語(yǔ)①常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,beg,care,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,fear,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,aim,fail,long,happen,hesitate,struggle，attempt,volunteer,desire等②不定式符號(hào)to代替整個(gè)不定式時(shí)，be和have不能省略①Wemanagedtoputthefireout.②HewantedtoswimacrosstheriverbutIwarnedhimnotto.③Hismotherwantedhimtobeateacherwhenhegrewup,buthedidn'twanttobe.續(xù)表用法例句作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①常見的用“帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有：allow,ask,beg,cause,command,forbid,force,get,help,intend,invite,wouldlike,order,permit,persuade,request,teach,tell,remind,train,want,warn,wish,advise,encourage,instruct,urge,callon,counton,dependon,longfor,relyon,votefor,waitfor等②常見的用“不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的動(dòng)詞有：feel,hear,have,help,let,make,notice,see,watch,listento,lookat等①Wedon'tallowthemtotakeawayanybooksfromourlibrary.②WelistenedtohimplayapiecebyChopinonthepiano.③Someonewasheardtoopenthedoor.(用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要特殊留意作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式必需帶“to”)2．動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(1)作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、結(jié)果、緣由、程度等。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，假如置于主句后，不定式前面經(jīng)常不用逗號(hào)(出乎意料的結(jié)果除外)。①Heranfasttocatchthebus.(目的狀語(yǔ))②Ireturnedhomethatday，onlytofindthateverythingwasbeingingoodorder.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。假如表示順理成章的結(jié)果，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式)③Iamsorrytohearthat.(緣由狀語(yǔ))④Shewouldn'tbesosillytosaythat.(程度狀語(yǔ))(2)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)往往表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。①Hehasnothingtodo.②Wereachedanagreementtodotheworktogether.③Theymadeaplantodevelopnewproducts.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·福建省百所重點(diǎn)校高三年級(jí)聯(lián)合考試)________(use)adifferentmentalapproachmighthelpexplainwhypeoplewithmathanxietystrugglemorewithcomplexproblems.答案：Using分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少主語(yǔ)，故運(yùn)用動(dòng)名詞using和后面的adifferentmentalapproach一起作主語(yǔ)。2．Fromoursurvey,wewerehappy________(find)thefarmers'livingstandardgreatlyimproved.答案：tofindbehappytodosth.“很興奮做某事”。3．(2024·湖北省孝感市第一中學(xué)高三年級(jí)月考)Eatingsoilcanproducemoreeffectiveresults________(compare)toeatingslimmingpills,claimedresearchersfromanAustralianuniversity.答案：compared句意：澳大利亞的一個(gè)高校的探討團(tuán)隊(duì)聲稱，吃土可能比吃減肥藥的效果還好。分析句子可知，“compare”屬于非謂語(yǔ)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)“eatingsoil”之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式compared。4．________(work)inseveralcountries,theyoungmanseemstohavetheexperiencewe'relookingfor.答案：Havingworked句意：這個(gè)年輕人在幾個(gè)國(guó)家工作過(guò)，好像擁有我們所須要的閱歷。表示發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，用havingworked。5．Youcantrusthim.Heisaman________(know)throughoutthebusinessfieldforhishonesty.答案：known句意：你可以信任他。他是一個(gè)在商業(yè)界因誠(chéng)懇而著稱的人。know與其修飾的名詞man之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞known。6．(2024·黑龍江牡丹江市一中高三摸底考試)________(face)withadifficultsituation,Amolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.答案：Faced固定短語(yǔ)befacedwith“面對(duì)著……”；該短語(yǔ)是對(duì)句子主語(yǔ)Amold的狀況進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。句意：面對(duì)著艱難的形勢(shì)，Amold確定向老板征詢建議。7．OurEnglishteacherstartedaWeChatGroup________(communicate)withusafterschool.答案：tocommunicate句意：我們英語(yǔ)老師建了一個(gè)微信群，為了課后溝通。表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。8．________(cover)840squaremiles,thenationalparkhasbeautifullakes,mountains,andforests.答案：Covering句意：占地面積840平方英里，這個(gè)國(guó)家公園里有湖泊、山脈和森林。邏輯主語(yǔ)thenationalpark與cover之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填Covering。9．Theexperience________(gain)fromfailureisofgreatvaluetous.答案：gained句意：從失敗中獲得的閱歷對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。該動(dòng)詞gain與其所修飾的名詞experience之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用gained。10．AgrowingtrendinChinanowgivescustomerstheoptions________(pay)thebillbyscanningaQRcodeorcash.答案：topay句意：在中國(guó)現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)越來(lái)越火的趨勢(shì)，讓顧客選擇掃碼或者現(xiàn)金付賬單。修飾名詞options，用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbettertokeepthiscardathand._________________________________________________________________