初中英語語法全解全練：中考英語語法專項復習代詞

中考英語語法專項復習代詞考點分析考點分析代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關系代詞等。中考考綱中主要考查：人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法;名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法;反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法;常見不定代詞的一般用法;指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;相互代詞的基本用法;疑問代詞的基本用法。關系代詞的基本用法。卷面中代詞所占分值約為4-6分左右，一般分布在單選、完形填空、語法填空、翻譯、任務型閱讀及寫作中。知識知識梳理人稱代詞思維導圖記知識人稱代詞人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱復數單數主格we賓格us主格I賓格me復數單數主格you賓格you主格you賓格you復數單數主格they賓格them主格hesheit賓格himherit三種人稱代詞并列時順序單數:二三一（You,she/heandI）復數:一二三(we,youandthey)單數復數主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主語,賓格作動詞或介詞的賓語.Heteaches(we)Chinese.2.三種人稱代詞并列時,順序為:單數:二,三,一（You,she/heandI）復數:一,二,三(we,youandthey)注:若把責任擔,第一人稱最當先,(即若做錯事時,把第一人稱放在最前面.)SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.注：it還有一些特別的用法。1）用作形式主語,常用于“It’s+adj.+todosth.”句型中.2)用在句型:“Itseemsthat…”中.3)用在句型:“It’sone’sturntodosth”中. 4)用在句型:“It’stimetodosth/forsth”中.5)用在句型:“It’s+adj.+that從句”中.6)用作形式賓語,用來代替動詞不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj.(名詞)+todosth.二.物主代詞物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數my復數our單數mine復數ours形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數your復數your單數yours復數yours形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數its/his/her復數their單數its/his/hers復數theirs第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數復數單數復數單數復數形容詞性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名詞性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1.形容詞性的物主代詞作定語放在名詞前，不能單獨使用。2.名詞性的物主代詞，后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of連用。=1\*GB3①Ourclassroomisasbigas(they).=2\*GB3②Thisisafriendof(my).Key:theirs,mine注:1)名詞性的物主代詞相當于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個名詞.（名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+名詞）2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own連用時,后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞.Myownhouse=ahouseofmyown反身代詞反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數myself復數ourselves單數yourself復數yourselves單數himselfherselfitself復數themselves單數復數第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves記憶小竅門:反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復數ves來把f替.反身代詞的常用搭配:enjoyoneself，hurtoneself，teachoneself=learn…byoneself（自學），byoneself（靠自己)=onone'sown，helponeselfto（隨便吃），lookafteroneself，leavesb.byoneself（把某人單獨留下），saytooneself（自言自語），foroneself，dressoneself，improveoneself指示代詞指示代詞近指遠指指示代詞近指遠指單數this復數these單數that復數those1.近指:thisthese遠指:thatthose2.用法:1)that、those常用來代替前面出現的人或物,以避免重復.，That代替可數名詞的單數或不可數名詞.Those代替復數名詞。教育網版權所有TheweatherinGuangdongishotterthaninQinghai.Thebooksinthatshoparecheaperthaninthisshop.thisB.thatC.oneD.thoseKey:BD2)this,that可代替句子或句子的一個部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.Hehadabadcold,thatiswhyhedidn’tcome.3)在電話用語中,this代替自己,而that代替對方.ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat?普通不定代詞的區(qū)別思維導圖記知識普通不定代詞普通不定代詞one與it的區(qū)別some與any的區(qū)別（一些）many與much的區(qū)別afew/few/alittle/little的區(qū)別each/every的區(qū)別noone與none的區(qū)別both/neither/either/all/none/any的區(qū)別everyone與everyone的區(qū)別1.one與it的區(qū)別One代替同類事物中的一種.而it代替上文中出現的某事物.Thisbookisagoodone.MayIborrowit?2.some與any的區(qū)別（一些）一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑問句,條件句中。但在表委婉語氣或表建議的疑問句中,仍用some代替any.常見于could/would/May/Can開頭或whatabout/howabout….等句中。www-2-1-cnjy-comMayIhavesomewater?Heaskedmeforsomepaper,butIdidn’thaveany.3.many與much的區(qū)別（許多的、大量的）Many+可數名詞的復數，Much+不可數名詞，都相當于alotof/lotsof+復數名詞/不可數名詞注:alotof不能用于否定句中.否定句中用many/much.4.afew/few/alittle/little的區(qū)別表否定(幾乎沒有)表肯定(有一點/幾個)修飾可數名詞fewafew修飾不可數名詞littlealittle【同步練習】=1\*GB3①Jimmycan'tbuyanythingnowbecausehehasmoneywithhim.=2\*GB3②Thispassageisverydifficult.peoplecanunderstandit.=3\*GB3③IsyourfriendFrankstillinEngland?Idon'tknow.Ihaveinformationabouthimbecausewehaven'tseeneachotherforyears.=4\*GB3④—Hurryup！Themovieisbeginning.—Don'tworry.Thereisstilltimeleft. =5\*GB3⑤Thestoryiseasytoread.Therearenewwordsinit.21**comKey:little,Few,little,afew;alittle;few5.each/every的區(qū)別（每一個）each表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個.而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個.【同步練習】=1\*GB3①Therearetreesandflowersonsideofthestreet.=2\*GB3②studenthasreadastory.Key:each,Every注:each可以與of連用,eachof作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.而every不能與of連用.只能放在名詞前作定語.【同步練習】Eachofus(study)hard.Key:studies6.noone與none的區(qū)別noone表示沒有人,不能與of連用.而noneof+復數名詞/代詞，作主語時，謂語常用單數。.【同步練習】Theboyswerealltired,butofthemstoppedtohavearest.Key:none7.both/neither/either/all/none/any的區(qū)別都都不任何一個兩者之間bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneany【同步練習】Therearemanytreesonsideoftheriver.bothB.anyC.eitherD.allKey:C注:1).both的否定詞是neither,all的否定詞是none..bothof作主語時,謂語動詞用復數.neitherof作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.【同步練習】=1\*GB3①Neitheroftheanswers(be)right.=2\*GB3②Bothofmyparents(be)workers.Key:is,are3).相關詞組=1\*GB3①both…and…連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞用復數.同義詞組:notonly…butalso…反義詞組:neither…nor…NotonlyyoubutalsoshelikeswatchingTV.=BothyouandshelikewatchingTV.【來*m】=2\*GB3②either…or…或者……或者……,neither…nor…既不……也不……連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞實行就近原則.【同步練習】=1\*GB3①Neitheryounorhe(be)right.=2\*GB3②OneofLilyandLucyisgoingtothepark.=LilyLucygoingtothepark.Key:is,Either,or,isC)either也可用于否定句末，表示“也”。D)neither也可表示“也不”，用于倒裝句:neither…sb.某人也不怎么樣.Ifyoudon’tgothere,neither_____I.(我也不去)Key:will4)howmany/howmuch等提問數量:用none回答。Who的回答:用noone回答。What的回答:用nothing回答。Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?_None_________.Whocananswerthequestion?____.A.NoneB.NooneC.NothingKey:8.everyone與everyone的區(qū)別everyone每個，人人，大家不與of連用everyone每個人、物可與of連用Everyoneofushasseenthefilm.Everyoneshoulddotheirbest.六.復合不定代詞的用法someanynoeverythingsomething某事anything任何事nothing沒有事everything每件事onesomeone某人anyone任何人noone沒有人everyone每人bodysomebody某人anybody任何人nobody沒有人everybody每人注:1.復合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.。2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時，放在不定代詞后。3.動詞不定式修飾不定代詞時,動詞不定式放在不定代詞之后。4.復合不定代詞用于反意疑問句中，1)指人的不定代詞,其反義疑問句中的主語用he或they.2)指物的不定代詞,其反義疑問句中的主語用it.5.any,anything,anyone,anybody也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何……/任何物/任何人”Everything_begins_____(begin)togrowinspring,__doesn’t______it____?Isthere_anything__interesting________(一些有趣的事)intoday’snewspaper?Iwantsomething_to_eat_____(eat).六.相互代詞表示相互關系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有eachother和oneanother兩種形式。在當代英語中，eachother和oneanother沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。21Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.(作賓語)2-1-c-n-j-yDoyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?(作賓語)Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.(作定語)Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.(作定語)七．other，theother，others，theothers與anotherother其他的(泛指，可修飾名詞)theother另一個(特指兩者中的另一個)；one…theother…一個……另一個……others其余的；別的(泛指，表示除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩余的全體)；some…others…一些……另一些……(others＝other＋名詞復數)theothers其余的；別的(特指，指一定范圍內除去一部分人或物后，剩余的全部人或物)(theothers＝theother＋名詞復數)another再一個；另一個(泛指三者或三者以上中的人或物中的另一個)；oneanother(＝eachother)互相Doyouhaveanyotherquestions？你還有其他問題嗎？Shehastwosons.Oneisateacher；theotherisanengineer.她有兩個兒子，一個是老師，另一個是工程師。Someofuslikesinginganddancing；otherslikedrawing.我們中的一些人喜歡唱歌和跳舞，還有的喜歡畫畫。Twogirlsinourclasswillgotothepark，andtheotherswillgotothezoo.我們班里兩個女孩將去公園，其余的將去動物園?！就骄毩暋?用other，theother，others，another填空.=1\*GB3①.Ifoundoneofyourshoes,butIcouldn'tfind．=2\*GB3②.—Thecakeissodelicious！CanIhavepiece,please?—Certainly.Hereyouare.=3\*GB3③.LiHuaistallerthananyboyinhisclass.=4\*GB3④.ThestudentsofClassOnearecleaningtheclassroom.Somearecarryingwaterwhilearesweepingthefloor.=5\*GB3⑤.Sinceyou'rebusytoday，I'llcomeagainsomeday.=6\*GB3⑥.Ihavetwobrothers.Oneisateacher,isanactor.Key:theother,another,other,other,theother八.疑問代詞疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?(作主語)Whatisthat?(作表語)Whoseumbrellaisthis?(作定語)Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作賓語)九.關系代詞關系代詞是一種引導從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關系代詞有who,whose,whom,that,which.它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語.在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster? 考點考點突破考點一：人稱代詞典例1：【2017?上海】Theretiredcouplehavedecidedtogotocollege．It'stimefor_________tobeginanewlife．【出處：21教育名師】A．theyB．themC．theirD．theirs【解析】句意：這對退休的夫婦已決定上大學，是他們開始新生活的時候了。結合句意，此題考查句型it'stimeforsb．todosth．是該某人做某事的時候了，這里指代theretiredcouple，作賓語，要用人稱代詞賓格them，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽舉一反三1.【2017?江蘇蘇州】Mrs.SmithoftengoestovisitthoseAIDSpatientsinhospitalstocheer______up.A.herB.themC.himD.us2.【2017?廣東廣州】Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbusiscoming.Wehave______timeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle3．【2017?湖北孝感】--Couldyourecordtoday'sNBAbasketballgameforme？Icanwatch________later．A．oneB．myC．yourD．it考點二：物主代詞典例2：【2017?新疆阜康市】Thesearen't____books，Mary.Youleft_____athome．A．you，yourB．your，yoursC．yours，yourD．your，you【解析】句意：Mary，這些不是你的書，你把你的書忘在家里了結合選項。由于第一個設空處后面有名詞，所以應填形容詞性物主代詞your；第二個設空處后面沒有名詞，所以應填名詞性物主代詞yours，故選B【答案】B舉一反三4．【2017?貴州黔南州】--AreKateandJoan_____goodfriends？---Yes，theyare．Pleaselookafter_____．your；theirB．your；themC．yours；theirsD．you；them5.【2017?四川綿陽】Itisagoodhabitof______toreadsomethingbeforegoingtobed．A．IB．meC．myD．mine6.【2017?遼寧沈陽市】Foryourhomework,Iwantyoutorememberthenamesofalltheplanetsin__________correctorder.A.ourB.yourC.itsD.their考點三：指示代詞典例3：【2017?吉林長春】--Hello,Lindaspeaking.Who’s_______?--Hello,thisisMartin.A．itB．oneC.thatD.this【解析】句意：你好，我是琳達。你是誰？你好，我是馬丁。根據語境，此處為兩人在打電話，稱呼對方應用that.【答案】C舉一反三7.AsforlearningEnglish,studentswhoreadalotcandomuchbetterthan_______whodon’t.A.those

B.that

C.these

D.them考點四：反身代詞典例1：【2017?廣東惠州】--Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallby______lastweek.---Wow,youaresosmart!A.meB.myC.mineD.myself【解析】句意：看這個輪船模型，是我上周自己做的。哇，你真是太聰明了。根據句意可知，后半句要構成“靠某人自己byoneself”這個短語?！敬鸢浮緿舉一反三8.【2017?福建龍巖】--Help_________tosomefish,kids.--Thanks.A.youB.yourC.yourselvesD.yourself9．【2017?四川南充】--youruncleisverygoodatcooking!Howdidhelearnit?--Helearneditby________.A.himB.himselfC.herD.herself10.【2017?山東德州】--Didyouenjoy_________inChengdulastweek?--Yes,Ihadgreatfunthere.A.myselfB.yourselfC.ourselvesD.themselves11.【2017?湖北荊門】--Doyouknowwhotaught_____French？--Nobody．Helearneditby____．A．his；himselfB．him；himC．him；himselfD．his；him考點五：相互代詞典例5：【2017?黑龍江哈爾濱】--WhichofthetwoT-shirtswouldyouliketochoose？--Both．ThenIcangiveonetomybrotherandleavetomyself．A．anotherB．theotherC．otherD.others【解析】句意：這兩件T恤你想要哪件？都要．我可以給我弟弟一件，另一件留給我自己。根據語境可知，這里應為兩者中的另一個，考查的是詞組：一個…另一個…（one…theother…）?！敬鸢浮緽舉一反三12.(2017·山東日照·28)LiHua'sparentsholddifferentopinionsonwhethertheyshouldhave________child.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother13.Myfamilyhastwodogs,Oneiswhite,______isblack.A.other

B.another

C.theother

D.others考點六：不定代詞典例6：【2017?四川資陽】Thereis________wrongwithTom'sleg，weshouldsendhimtohospitalatonce．A．somethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nothing【解析】句意：Tom的腿有些問題，我們應該馬上把他送到醫(yī)院去。根據后面一句話"weshouldsendhimtohospitalatonce"，可知Tom的身體應該出現了一些問題，所以我們才要把他送到醫(yī)院．句子又為陳述句．【答案】A舉一反三14.【2017?湖南長沙】_______ofuswantstogototheparktoday,becausewehavetofinishsomuchhomework.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.All15．【2017?山東青島】Ladiesandgentlemen，attentionplease!Ihave____importanttotellyou．A．nothingB．somethingC．everythingD．anything16．【2017?江蘇南京】Helenisnewhere，soweknow_______abouther.A．nothingB．somethingC．anythingD．everything考點七：關系代詞典例7：【2017?江蘇南京】Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers______ivisitedinLondonyearsago.

A.what

B.who

C.that

D.which【解析】關系代詞有who,whose,whom,that,which，用來引導定語從句，它們在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、定語或表詞，另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。who,whom和whose在定語從句中常用來指人，which只指物，that既可指人也可指物。該題句意是：我還記得幾年前在倫敦拜訪過的那所大學和老師。定語從句所修飾的兩個名詞thecollegeandtheteachers，分別表示人和物，只能用關系代詞that。答案為C?！敬鸢浮緾舉一反三17.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it

B.which

C.this

D.that

（2016?達州）---Doyouknowtheboy________issittingnexttoPeter？---Yes．HeisPeter'sfriend．Theyarecelebratinghis______birthday．who，ninthB．that，ninethC．/，ninethD．which，ninth（2016?臨沂）Sweetwormwood（青蒿）isacommonplantinChina．TuYouyouisthewoman______usedtheplant'sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives．whichB．whoC．whoseD．/真題在線真題在線一、單項選擇1.(2017·甘肅白銀·9)Didyoudothehomework________？【版權所有：21教育】A.youB.yourselfC.yourD.yours2.(2017·甘肅蘭州·27)Iasked________todo________schoolworkby________.A.him；his；himselfB.her；her；itselfC.her；his；myselfD.him；her；herself3.(2017·湖北隨州)Thanksforinviting___toyourfoodfestival.Wereallyenjoyedourselves.2omA.weB.theyC.themD.us4.(2017·河北·26)—IsthisKate'sbicycle?—No，__isunderthetree.Sheputittherethismorning.A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours5.(2017·山東濱州·24)—Doyouknowwhotaught________Russian?—Nobody.Helearneditby________.A.his；himselfB.him；himC.him；himselfD.his；him6.(2017·山東濟寧·17)—Whatelsedoyouneed，sir?—________else.I'vegotenough.Thanks.2·1·c·n·j·yA.NothingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Everything【來源：21·世紀·教育·網】7.(2017·湖南長沙·23)—There's________inthecity.Whynothaveapicnicinthecountryside?—Great.DaweishanMountainsmightbeagoodchoice.A.interestingsomethingB.nothinginterestingC.anythinginteresting8.(2017·湖北咸寧·29)—Insomecountries，peopleeatwithchopsticks，butin________，knivesandforks.—Yousee.Peoplearoundtheworldhavedifferenteatinghabits.A.othersB.otherC.anotherD.all9.(2017·山東東營·24)—Pardon，please.Whomdidyouasktofinishthetask?—________.Youhaveotherthingstodo.A.TheyB.ThemC.TheirsD.Themselves10.(2017·山東德州·27)—Didyouenjoy___inChengdulastweek?—Yes，Ihadgreatfunthere.A.myselfB.yourselfC.ourselvesD.themselves11.(2017·山東臨沂·17)Paulwenttothebookstorewithsomefriendsof________.A.heB.himC.himselfD.his12.(2017·山東臨沂·19)—Doyouplantowatchatalentshoworasportsshowtonight?—________.Ican'tstandthem.Iplantowatchasitcom.A.NeitherB.BothC.NoneD.Either13.(2017·湖北十堰·29)MissZhangteaches________English.Sheisverystrict.A.ourB.weC.usD.ours14.(2016·湖北襄陽·32)—Wouldyoulikesomemilkorcoffee，sir?—________.Justaglassofwater，please.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None15.(2017·山西·21)Believingin___isaveryimportantruleforyoutogetalongwellwithothers.A.myselfB.himselfC.yourself16.(2017·四川眉山·29)—Whatwouldyoulike，coffeeortea?—_____.Ijustneedsomewater.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All17.(2017·北京·21)Myfatherisaworker.________isverykind.A.HeB.SheC.HisD.It18.(2017·河南·22)HisnameisJames，butheusuallycalls________Jim.A.heB.himC.hisD.himself19.(2017·重慶B卷·23)FuYuanhuiis________favoriteswimmerbecauseshe'ssofunny.A.IB.myC.meD.mine20.(2017·內蒙古呼和浩特·5)TherearefiftystudentsinClassOne.Twentyofthemareboys；________aregirls.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.anotherKey:1-5:BADBC6-10:ABABB11-15:BACCC16-20:CADBB模擬模擬演練一.用other,theother,others,theothers,another填空.1.Sorry,Idon'tknowtheway.Youcanasksomepeople.2.Mysisterhastwoskirts.Oneisyellow,isblack.3.Hehaseatenanapple,buthestillwantsone.4.Someofthemaremyfriends.Thearemyclassmates.5.Theyliveonsideoftheriver.二.用afew,few,alittle,little填空.1.We'vegotbread.Let'sgotobuysome.2.Wewillhavechicken