高中英語(yǔ)《選擇性必修第一冊(cè)》課后習(xí)題 Unit 1　Section A　Reading and Thinking

Unit1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTSectionAReadingandThinking課后篇鞏固提升基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Asisknowntoall,talentandhardworkareboth(至關(guān)重要的)tocareersuccess.

答案crucial2.Itisnecessaryforustohaveanoattitudetowardslife.

答案objective3.Youmust(承諾)yourselftofinishthetaskontime.

答案commit4.Onlyifyoumakeeffortstofulfillthetaskcanyoubeaasexcellent.

答案acknowledged5.Asamatteroffact,happinessdoesn’tlieinhowmuch(財(cái)產(chǎn))youown.

答案property6.Thetwopostersare(有區(qū)別的)fromeachotherinstyle.

答案distinct7.Solongaswecan(擊敗)theotherteam,we’llbecomethechampionofcourse.

答案defeat8.Thehospitalhasrecentlyonewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.

答案obtainedⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空bychance,insiston,leadto,drawout,test...on,makeadiscovery1.Hehasvaluabletomankind.

答案madeadiscovery2.Idon’tthinkitwillagoodresult.

答案leadto3.Althoughwehavemet,Icanseeyouareaverygoodgirlwithaclearpurposeinlife.

答案bychance4.Ifyoudoingsomething,doiteverydayandyoucanmakeit.

答案insiston5.Ihaven’tanycashonmeandI’dliketosomemoneyfromanATMnearby.

答案drawout6.Theteacherwilltheclassspellingtoday.

答案test;onⅢ.完成句子1.醫(yī)學(xué)界在抗癌的斗爭(zhēng)中不斷取得進(jìn)步。Themedicalcommunitycontinuestomakeprogresscancer.

答案inthefightagainst2.大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后,他投身于教育事業(yè)。Afterhegraduatedfromcollege,hethecauseofeducation.

答案committedhimselfto3.我們開(kāi)展此項(xiàng)競(jìng)賽以鼓勵(lì)新的年輕作家為目的。Thecompetitionwasstartedencouragingyoungwriters.

答案withtheaimof4.我建議你在家里留些蠟燭,以防大樓停電。Isomecandlesathomeincasethebuildinghasapowerfailure.

答案suggestyoushouldkeep5.即使我告訴他我住在附近,但那個(gè)人還是堅(jiān)持要給我找一輛出租車(chē)。ThemanataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.

答案insistedonfinding素養(yǎng)提升Ⅳ.閱讀理解A主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物FemaleScientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorldTherearestillhundredsofrelatively-unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthroughouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21-year-oldscientisthasn’tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn’salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMIT(麻省理工學(xué)院)seniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She’sanaerospacemajorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.ElizabethBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen’shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi))scientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn’tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviourofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.RachelCarsonInthe1960s,oneenvironmentalscientist’svoiceroseabovetheresttobecomecentraltoAmericanpolitics,culture,andforeignpolicy:RachelCarson’s.Herarticle,“SilentSpring”,warnedofthedangersofpesticides(農(nóng)藥)andchemicalstohumans,plants,andanimals,andwasalandmarkinthenation’senvironmentalhistory.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了四位改變世界的女科學(xué)家。1.WhatisTieraGuinn’sgreatestachievement?A.Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B.Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.C.Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.D.Sheisatopstudentemployedbyafamouscompany.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.”可知TieraGuinn最大的成就是幫助建造了美國(guó)有史以來(lái)最大、最強(qiáng)大的火箭之一。2.WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A.Shewasthefirstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.B.Shewasapioneerofthewomen’shealthintheUSandtheUK.C.Shefoundedthefirstwomen’sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.D.ShewasthefirstwomantobeacceptedasanAmericancitizen.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知伊麗莎白?布萊克威爾1821年出生于英格蘭的布里斯托爾,她是第一位從美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)的女性,后來(lái)成為關(guān)注美國(guó)貧困女性健康的活動(dòng)家,并在英國(guó)成立了一所女子醫(yī)學(xué)院。即她是美國(guó)和英國(guó)婦女健康的先驅(qū)。3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal-protectionmovement?A.TieraGuinn.B.JaneGoodall.C.RachelCarson. D.ElizabethBlackwell.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段中的“Themostfamousprimatescientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.”可知珍·古德是歷史上最著名的靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)科學(xué)家,她以研究黑猩猩和維護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)利而聞名,為動(dòng)物保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。B主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉訶德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:Whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(視……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于議論文。講述要成功,就需要不斷地學(xué)習(xí),這樣的生活才更有意義。4.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判斷題。第一段講述塞萬(wàn)提斯一生不幸,負(fù)債累累,因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)左手殘疾,同時(shí)還身陷囹圄,在53歲的時(shí)候決定寫(xiě)書(shū),最終寫(xiě)出成名作《堂吉訶德》。根據(jù)后文可知,所有的困境都沒(méi)有阻擋他的成功,年齡也是如此。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudes