Unit 1 應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作-單元話題人際關(guān)系寫(xiě)作典例剖析（原卷版）

Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou——人際關(guān)系專(zhuān)題02單元話題寫(xiě)作典例剖析、精練與創(chuàng)新拓展——應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作Part1寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)——如何寫(xiě)有關(guān)改善人際關(guān)系的作文Part2單元話題經(jīng)典例題賞析Part3單元話題作文寫(xiě)作精練Part4單元話題作文創(chuàng)新與拓展練習(xí)Part1寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)——如何寫(xiě)有關(guān)改善人際關(guān)系的作文該話題以論說(shuō)文為主。論說(shuō)文是對(duì)事物提供解釋與分析，表明觀點(diǎn)的文章。它要求根據(jù)文字、圖畫(huà)、圖表、數(shù)字等提供的信息進(jìn)行描述、分析、議論。論說(shuō)文寫(xiě)作要做到主旨清晰，即要有明確的中心思想并圍繞其展開(kāi)討論，同時(shí)還應(yīng)做到言之有理、條理分明、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、邏輯性強(qiáng)。（一）論說(shuō)文的類(lèi)型論說(shuō)文分為五個(gè)常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型：對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型、道理論證型、問(wèn)題解決型、解釋說(shuō)明型、諺語(yǔ)型。（二）論說(shuō)文的論點(diǎn)1．觀點(diǎn)正確：論說(shuō)文的首要條件就是觀點(diǎn)要正確，觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤將直接導(dǎo)致整篇文章的失敗。2．中心論點(diǎn)要正確、鮮明、集中，不能含糊其辭。盡量使文章的開(kāi)頭能夠“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”，不要迂回曲折，以便讓讀者能很快知道文章的中心議題。（三）論說(shuō)文的論據(jù)論說(shuō)文的論據(jù)要有充分的說(shuō)服力，緊扣論點(diǎn)，具有典型性或代表性。（四）論說(shuō)文的常用論證方法論說(shuō)文的常用論證方法有舉例論證、類(lèi)比或?qū)Ρ日撟C、引用論證。1．舉例論證(1）可用表示順序的示意詞來(lái)突出每個(gè)實(shí)例。

first,

second,

third

the

first

thing

(

point

)

is

...,

the

second

thing

(

point

)

is

...,

the

third

thing

(

point

)

is

...first

of

all,

also,finally,

one

,

another

,

the

last

...(2）以事物的重要性來(lái)排列順序，可使文章層次清楚，重點(diǎn)突出。常用示意詞如下：

for

one

thing

,

also,the

worst

thing

is

...first

of

all

,

apart

from

that

,

the

most

important

is

...

for

one

thing

,

what’s

more

,

the

most

...

one

important

...,

more

importantly

,

the

most

important

...one

problem

,

another

problem,

the

most

serious

problem

...2．類(lèi)比或?qū)Ρ日撟C比較通常是指對(duì)人或事物之間的相同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析；對(duì)比通常側(cè)重比較兩者之間的不同點(diǎn)或分析同一事物的利與弊。（五）論說(shuō)文常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作順序提出問(wèn)題（通常是主題句）→分析問(wèn)題（圍繞主題進(jìn)行分析，可以舉例、比較對(duì)比、提出理由）→評(píng)論、措施、建議或結(jié)論。Part2單元話題經(jīng)典例題賞析（思路導(dǎo)航+核心詞匯+一句多譯+參考范文+進(jìn)階范文+亮點(diǎn)評(píng)析）你校某研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組正在開(kāi)展關(guān)于“學(xué)生與家長(zhǎng)、老師、同學(xué)之間的關(guān)系處理”的調(diào)查。請(qǐng)你就這一話題，按照下列要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文：1．現(xiàn)狀：關(guān)系處理總體情況較好，但仍存在一些問(wèn)題(如與同學(xué)吵架、自我意識(shí)強(qiáng)、不聽(tīng)家長(zhǎng)和老師的教育，甚至頂撞老師、家長(zhǎng)等)。2．你個(gè)人的改進(jìn)意見(jiàn)(至少兩條)。注意：1)詞數(shù)100左右；2)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路導(dǎo)航】寫(xiě)作思路類(lèi)型議論文話題人與社會(huì)——人際關(guān)系內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)現(xiàn)狀：關(guān)系處理總體情況較好，但仍存在一些問(wèn)題建議：你個(gè)人的改進(jìn)意見(jiàn)(至少兩條)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)：第一、三人稱(chēng)為主時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主【核心詞匯】與他人發(fā)生沖突2.與他人發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵

把．．搞砸4.讓某人失望抱怨6.不同意，發(fā)生分歧7.

與...清楚、真誠(chéng)地溝通8.一起努力化解矛盾

9.和某人進(jìn)行面對(duì)面交談10.與sb.發(fā)展良好的關(guān)系參考答案：1.haveconflicts

with

others

2.quarrelwith

others

3.make

a

mess

of

..4.let

sb

.

down5.complainabout/ofsb.6.disagree

with

/

be

in

disagreement

with7.communicate

with

...

clearly

and

honestly8.work

together

to

resolve

conflicts

9.haveaface-to-facetalkwithsb.10.developgoodrelationshipswithsb.【一句多譯】最近我們學(xué)校的一個(gè)研究小組調(diào)查了學(xué)生與老師、父母間的關(guān)系。譯法一：（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________學(xué)生存在很多問(wèn)題，比如，由于焦慮、學(xué)習(xí)壓力容易發(fā)脾氣。譯法一：（含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他們有時(shí)會(huì)吵架，有時(shí)會(huì)不聽(tīng)家長(zhǎng)、老師的話，有時(shí)甚至?xí)退麄冺斪?。譯法一：（并列句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（notonly...butalso倒裝句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我建議我們應(yīng)該換位思考整件事情。譯法一：（it作形式主語(yǔ)）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（suggest的虛擬語(yǔ)氣）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案：譯法一：（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Recently,theresearchstudygroupinourschoolhasmadeasurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmates.譯法二：（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Asurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmatesisbeingmadebyaresearchstudygroupofourschool.譯法一：（含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）Thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,whichcoverthattheyareeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.譯法二：（非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)）Thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,includingbeingeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.譯法一：（并列句）Theysometimesquarrelwithothers,andevendon’tlistentotheirparentsandteachersandspeakagainstthem.譯法二：（notonly...butalso倒裝句）Notonlydotheysometimesquarrelwithothers,butalsoturnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachersandevenspeakagainstthem.Howdiscouragingitis!譯法一：（it作形式主語(yǔ)）Itisagoodideatoputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue.譯法二：（suggest的虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Isuggestthatweshouldputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue,【參考范文】Recently,theresearchstudygroupinourschoolhasmadeasurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmates.Generallyspeaking,wearegettingonwellwitheachother.However,thereexistsomeproblems.Somestudentsaretooself-centered.What’sworse,theysometimesquarrelwithothers,andevendon’tlistentotheirparentsandteachersandspeakagainsttheirparentsandteachers.Inmyopinion,wemiddleschoolstudentsshouldmakeoureffortstoimprovethesituation.First,weshouldrespectourparentsandteachersaswellasourclassmates.Second,whenwearenotfeelinghappy,wecanhaveaheart-to-heartchatwithourfriendsorteachersorevenparents.Itislikelythattheycanunderstandusbetterandgiveussomereasonableadvice.【進(jìn)階范文】Asurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmatesisbeingmadebyaresearchstudygroupofourschool.Generallyspeaking,weareongoodtermswitheachother.However,thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,includingbeingeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.What’sworse,notonlydotheysometimesquarrelwithothers,butalsoturnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachersandevenspeakagainstthem.Howdiscouragingitis!Inmyopinion,itisagoodideatoputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue,whichwillallowustothinkoftheissuefromother'sperspective.Besides,weshouldrealizetherelationshipbetweenpeopleshouldbefilledwithlove,care,understanding,andrespect,sowecanexchangeideasfreelyandgetalongwellwitheachother.【亮點(diǎn)詞匯】1.makeasurvey做調(diào)查2.beongoodtermswith與...關(guān)系好3.loseone’stemper發(fā)脾氣4.studyburden學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)5.quarrelwith吵架6.turnadeafearto充耳不聞7.speakagainst反對(duì)8.putoneselfintoothers’shoes換位思考9.reflecton反思10.exchangeideasfreely自由交換想法【亮點(diǎn)句型】However,thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,includingbeingeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.（現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)）What’sworse,notonlydotheysometimesquarrelwithothers,butalsoturnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachersandevenspeakagainsttheirparentsandteachers.（notonly...butalso倒裝句）Howdiscouragingitis!（感嘆句）itisagoodideatoputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue,whichwillallowustothinkoftheissuefromother'sperspective.（which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）Part3單元話題作文寫(xiě)作精練（思路導(dǎo)航+核心詞匯+一句多譯+參考范文）Writing1在生活中發(fā)生沖突的原因有很多。假設(shè)你班同學(xué)李華缺乏談話藝術(shù)，經(jīng)常與同學(xué)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，導(dǎo)致關(guān)系緊張，他覺(jué)得很痛苦。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合此事，并根據(jù)以下提示，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，向?qū)W校英文雜志

New

Babel

專(zhuān)欄投稿。1.以李華的情況為例簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明談話藝術(shù)在人際關(guān)系中的重要性；2.說(shuō)說(shuō)談話藝術(shù)，它通常包括：不以自我為中心、謹(jǐn)慎承諾．3.根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷或感想，提出你認(rèn)為最重要的談話技巧，并說(shuō)明理由。注意：1）詞數(shù)：120左右；2)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路導(dǎo)航】寫(xiě)作思路類(lèi)型議論文話題人與社會(huì)——人際關(guān)系內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)___________________________________________________________________________________人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)：_____________________________時(shí)態(tài)：______________________________【核心詞匯】1.

難以與他人相處2.感到迷茫和無(wú)助

3.與他人的沖突／爭(zhēng)吵

4.（使）（關(guān)系）破裂5.把．．搞砸6.導(dǎo)致誤解7.直接、禮貌地表達(dá)某人的想法

8.把某人當(dāng)作自己的親近的朋友9.向他們敞開(kāi)胸懷10.加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系【一句多譯】我的一個(gè)同學(xué)李華，因?yàn)橥耆欢勗捤囆g(shù)，所以經(jīng)常和別人發(fā)生沖突。(

a

complete

absence

of

)譯法一：（含原因狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．眾所周知，交流是涉及說(shuō)和聽(tīng)的雙向的過(guò)程。(

involve

)譯法一：（含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（含非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.換句話說(shuō)，你可能暗示著你以自我為中心，這肯定會(huì)阻礙你與別人發(fā)展和諧的關(guān)系，(

be

self-

centered

)譯法一：（并列句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（含非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.事實(shí)上，在高中直到我被選為班長(zhǎng)時(shí)，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到合作的重要性。譯法一：（倒裝句式）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【連句成篇】___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing2生活中沖突時(shí)有發(fā)生。假設(shè)你班同學(xué)蘇華和李江打籃球時(shí)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，導(dǎo)致關(guān)系緊張。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合此事，并根據(jù)以下提示，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，向?qū)W校英文報(bào)“

Happy

Teens

”專(zhuān)欄投稿。1.簡(jiǎn)要描述事情的經(jīng)過(guò):打籃球、碰撞、爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，等等；2.分析發(fā)生沖突的原因:遇事不夠冷靜...；3.談?wù)劚苊鉀_突的做法

（請(qǐng)考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷或感想，提出至少兩種做法）。注意：1）對(duì)所有要點(diǎn)要逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯；2）詞數(shù)80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路導(dǎo)航】寫(xiě)作思路類(lèi)型_______________話題人與社會(huì)——人際關(guān)系內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)_________________2.__________________3.____________________人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)：__________________時(shí)態(tài)：____________________【核心詞匯】與他人沖突2.與他人爭(zhēng)吵

3..惹某人生氣

4.

（使）（關(guān)系）破裂5.和某人起爭(zhēng)執(zhí)6.

害怕傷害別人的感情7.向道歉8.原諒某人（做）某事

9.學(xué)會(huì)妥協(xié)10.建立/增進(jìn)友誼(或關(guān)系)【一句多譯】日常生活中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)和他人發(fā)生沖突。譯法一：（無(wú)靈主語(yǔ)）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（Occasionarequitecommon...）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.蘇華和李江在抓球時(shí)撞到了對(duì)方。譯法一：（含時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.我們應(yīng)該友善待人，這對(duì)構(gòu)建和諧生活是非常重要的。譯法一：（并列句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.只有用這種方法我們才能與別人享有和諧的生活。譯法一：（含條件狀語(yǔ)從句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________譯法二：（倒裝句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【連句成篇】____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part4單元話題作文創(chuàng)新與拓展練習(xí)Writing1假如你是李華。某國(guó)際學(xué)生雜志邀請(qǐng)你在“國(guó)際交換生項(xiàng)目”專(zhuān)欄中分享