Unit1 Learning About Language and Using Language 詞匯語法專項訓(xùn)練

5/7Unit1LearningAboutLanguageandUsingLanguage詞匯語法專項訓(xùn)練一、刷單句填空在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Ononesideisasmallcanalandtheotherdorm-likerooms,cheaprestaurantsand________(mud)paths.2.Theongoing________(divide)betweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansisamajorconcernofthecountry.3.Anartificialintelligenceexpertsaidrecentlyhalfoftheworld'scurrentjobswouldbetaken________byAIwithin15years.4.Withtimegoingon,prejudiceshavefallen________,andtheyallco-operateverywell.5.It'scertainlyclearthatmanyanimals'senseofsmellisfarsuperior________humans'.6.WheneverIhaveanurge________(play)computergames,Iwouldthinkofmygoalandregainmystrengthtostudyimmediately.7.Thepartywehadbeenlookingforwardto________(turn)outtobeagreatdisappointment.8.Notonlyshouldthetechniqueandequipment________(fetch)in,butalsothemanagement.9.Itisreportedthatyesterdaythedevice________(explode)byexpertsundercontrolledconditions.10.Heissoorganisedthatheislikelyto________(elect)PresidentoftheStudents'Union.二、刷語法填空體裁：說明文題材：科學(xué)技術(shù)詞數(shù)：213難度：中建議用時：7分鐘[吉林長春東北師大附中2020高二月考]閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whenyouthinkofrobots，whatisthefirstthingthatcomestomind？DoyouthinkofsciencefictionmovieslikeStarWars,1robotsofallshapesandsizesarepartofdailylife？Robotswereoncejusttheproductoffiction.TheworditselfcamefromtheplayRossum'sUniversalRobots,2(write)in1920byKarelCapek.Todaymostrobotsdon'tlooklikehumans，whichappearinmanyforms.They3（programme）toperformawidevarietyofthings，fromworkinginfactories4exploringthesurfaceofMars.Butthereisasurprisingproblemintheworldofrobots:Whathumansfindeasyis5(extreme）complicatedforarobot.Forexample，pickingupclothesinamessyroom.6(be)simpleforhumans，butitisdifficultforrobotstodothat.7problemistoprogrammearobottopickupsomeobjectsofdifferentshapesandsizeswithoutdamagingthem.Itshowsthatoneofthemostdifficultthings8(improve)inrobotsistheirflexibility.Exciting9(develop)inmakinghuman-likehandsandlegsareunderway.Butthebiggestadvancementistoteachrobotstoguesswhattheycandoand10theycanhelpuswithdailytasks.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________三、刷閱讀理解體裁：議論文題材：智能城市詞數(shù)：309難度：中建議用時：7分鐘[海南屯昌中學(xué)2021高三月考]Smartcitiesarecoming.Andyoucanbesurethathackers（黑客）won'tbeveryfarbehind.We'vealreadygotaglimpseofthatfuture，ascitiesacrosstheglobestarttousetechnologytoconnecttheirservicesandresidentsinwaysthatweresciencefictionjustafewyearsago.Theyareusingsensorstocollectdata-suchastraffic，garbagecollecting，androadconditions-andthenusingthatdatatodeliverservicesmoreefficientlytomorepeople.Butthisrushtobecomeasmartcityhasamajordrawback:Themoreconnectedacityis，theeasieritistobeaffectedbycyberattacks.Hackershave，inrecentyears，effectivelyheldcitieshostagethroughransomware（勒索軟件），sometimesdamagingcriticalsystemsformonthsatatime.Thedamagecancostmillionsofdollarstorepair，asBaltimoreandAtlantahavediscovered.Andthisisjustthebeginning.Ascitiesaddconnectivitytotheirstreetlights，powergrids，dams，transitlinesandotherservices，theyareaddingmoretargetsthathavethepotentialtobehacked.What'smore，asadditionalinformationonresidentsiscollected，officialsworryabouttheresult-lotsofdatacouldattractterroriststhatcouldincorporatethedataintophysicalandcyberwar.Whatcybersecuritylessoncanbetaughtinthishack？Forexample，don'topene-mailattachmentsfromunfamiliarsources；don'tclickonunrecognisedlinks；don'tleavesensitiveinformationvisibleonthewallsorsurfacesofyouroffice.Butlet'sjuststicktothemostimportantlesson:Theinformationyoushareonsocialmediacanbeusedtodepictandtargetyou，whetherthat'sdonebyengineeringtheclickbait（點擊誘餌）aimedatyourparticularinterests，guessingyourpasswordbasedonyourbirthdayorfiguringoutyourscheduleandtravelsothatanintrudercangetaccesstoyourhomeoroffice.1.Whatdidpeopleusetothinkofsmartcities？A.Theyweretheproductsofscience.B.Theywereboundtobepopular.C.Theyexistedinimagination.D.Theyimprovedpeople'slives.2.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3？A.Introducetheharmofhackers.B.Showtheriskofbeingasmartcity.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Summarisethepreviousparagraphs.3.Whatisofficials'attitudetobigdata？A.Itisconvenienttoprovideservices.B.Itiscertaintobringaboutrevolution.C.Thereareactuallypotentialdangers.D.There'scompetitioninhightechnology.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"depict"inParagraph5mean?A.Describe.B.Protect.C.Pursue.D.Fund.答案解析刷單句填空1.muddy句意為：一邊是一條小運河，另一邊是像宿舍一樣的房間、廉價餐館和泥濘的小路。設(shè)空處作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞。故填muddy。2.division句意為：講英語的加拿大人和講法語的加拿大人之間的分歧一直存在，這是這個國家關(guān)心的一個主要問題。設(shè)空處作主語，且其前有定冠詞The和形容詞ongoing修飾，所以應(yīng)用名詞，由is可知應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)形式。故填division。3.over句意為：一位人工智能專家近日表示，人工智能將在15年內(nèi)接管全世界現(xiàn)有工作的一半。takeover為固定搭配，意為“接管，接替”。4.away句意為：隨著時間的推移，偏見逐漸消失了，他們都合作得很好。fallaway意為“（逐漸）消失”。5.to句意為：很明顯，許多動物的嗅覺遠比人類（的嗅覺）靈敏。besuperiorto...意為“比……更好；更勝一籌”。6.toplay句意為：每當(dāng)我有玩電腦游戲的沖動，我就會想到我的目標(biāo)，從而重新堅定我的意志，立即去學(xué)習(xí)。haveanurgetodosth意為“渴望做某事；有做某事的沖動”。7.turned句意為：我們一直期待的聚會結(jié)果使我們大失所望。本題容易錯把turn理解為介詞to的賓語，wehadbeenlookingforwardto是定語從句，修飾先行詞party。所以turn作Theparty的謂語，從句表示“過去的過去”，主句應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填turned。8.befetched句意為：該引進的不僅僅是技術(shù)和設(shè)備，還有管理模式。設(shè)空處是謂語動詞，與主語是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且notonly位于句首引起部分倒裝，should提前，所以此處應(yīng)填befetched。9.wasexploded句意為：據(jù)報道，這個裝置昨日由專家在受控條件下引爆。此處是從句謂語動詞，與從句主語是被動關(guān)系，由yesterday可知此處表示發(fā)生在過去的動作，所以應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。10.beelected句意為：他很有條理，因此他很有可能被選為學(xué)生會主席。belikelytodosth為固定搭配，意為“有可能做某事”，elect與he之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故填beelected。刷語法填空【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了現(xiàn)實生活中機器人的外形、作用以及存在的問題。1.where句意為：你想到了像《星球大戰(zhàn)》這樣的科幻電影嗎？在《星球大戰(zhàn)》里，各種形狀和尺寸的機器人是日常生活的一部分。robotsofallshapesandsizesarepartofdailylife在此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為StarWars，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，應(yīng)用where。2.written句意為：這個詞本身來自卡雷爾·恰佩克在1920年寫的戲劇《羅素姆萬能機器人》。write在此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式作定語，與其所修飾詞是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，故填written。3.areprogrammed句意為：它們被編程來做各種各樣的事情，從在工廠工作到探索火星表面。此處作句子的謂語，programme與主語They之間為被動關(guān)系，且本句陳述客觀事實，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填areprogrammed。4.to句意見上一題解析。from..…to...意為“從….到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。5.extremely句意為……人們認(rèn)為容易的事情，對機器人來說極其復(fù)雜。此處修飾形容詞complicated，應(yīng)該用副詞。故填extremely。6.is句意為：比如，在一個凌亂的房間里撿起衣服對人類來說很簡單，但對機器人來說那樣做很難。此處描述客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填is。7.Another句意為：另一個難題是給機器人設(shè)定程序，讓其拾取一些不同形狀和大小的物品，同時不破壞這些物品。根據(jù)上文中的thereisasurprisingproblem可知，此處是另一個（another）難題，且設(shè)空處位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填A(yù)nother。8.toimprove句意為：這說明，機器人最難提高的一點是其靈活性。此處名詞things被形容詞最高級修飾，應(yīng)用動詞不定式作其后置定語。故填toimprove。9.developments句意為：在制造像人一樣的手和腿方面，人們正在取得一些令人興奮的進步。設(shè)空處在句中作主語，應(yīng)用名詞，development意為“進步”時是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有冠詞，且謂語動詞是are，應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填developments。10.how句意為：但最大的進步是教機器人猜它們能做什么和它們?nèi)绾螏臀覀兲幚砣粘Ｊ聞?wù)。theycanhelpuswithdailytasks與whattheycando是并列賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，意為“怎樣”，故填how。刷閱讀理解【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為一篇議論文。智能城市即將到來，它在給人們帶來方便的同時也存在著很大的安全隱患。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的ascitiesacrossthe