題型04 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（練習(xí)）

第04講閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（模擬精練+真題演練）模擬精練（一）（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Haveyoueverheardofexpressivewriting?Writingaboutaterribleordifficultsituationiscalled“expressivewriting”.Peoplewhodothis,recordtheirdeepestthoughtsandfeelings.DoctorPan,leaderofthisstudyofexpressivewritingasahighlyeffectivewaytodealwithpainfulexperiences,saysthesepeopleoftenshowexcellentmentalandphysicalconditionafterwards.Expressivewritingiseffectivebecauseitallowsyoutomakesenseoutofanupsettingandevenheart-breakingexperience.Asyouwrite,youarerecognizingwhatishappeningaround,andacceptingthatsomethingisbotheringyouisanimportantfirststep.Next,translatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughtsandgivesyouasenseofcontrol.Thinkingortalkingaboutaneventseemsuseful.However,themoreyouthinkortalkaboutit,themorelikelyyouwillfindyourselfinamess.Asaresult,yougetcompletelylostinyourownemotionsandfinallyloseself-control.Writingworksdifferentlyasitmakesyouslowdown.Theactoflabelingafeelingofputtingwordstoanemotioncanease(緩解)theneural(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)activitiesinthebrain.Whatifyoudon’tconsideryourself“awriter”?Don’tworryaboutspellingorgrammar.Takeiteasywhenyouchoosethewordsorexpressions.Onlydigintoyourinnerself.Thegoaloftheexerciseistofindmeaninginanupsettingevent.Manypeoplehavetriedthismethod.Afterhisfatherwasrushedtothehospitalbecauseofaseriousheartattack,43-year-oldAlexbegantopanic.Sohedidtheonethingthatwouldcalmhimself:hewrote.Hethinksofitasacaptain’slifebuoy(救生衣).“MyexpressivewritinggavemethecourageIneedtofacemyfearandmoveon,”Alexsays.Thereareafewwhoareagainstthisapproach.Accordingtothem,expressivewritingisn’tamagicalsolution.Peopleshouldn’tfullytrusttheeffectofexpressivewriting.Neithershouldtheythinkofusingittoreplaceothertreatments.Peoplewhoarefacedwithaseriousmentaldisastermaynotfinditusefultodoontheirown,withoutmedicine.1．What’sthefirststepofexpressivewriting?A．Towritedownwhatisbotheringyou. B．Totrainyourselfintoanexcellentwriter.C．Totalkaboutyourfeelingstoothers. D．Tothinkaboutthebadexperiencecarefully.2．WhoisAlex?A．Acaptainonaship. B．Thesonofapatientwhohasaseriousheartattack.C．Adoctorinahospital. D．Theleaderofastudyaboutexpressivewriting.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“panic”meanaccordingtothepassage?A．Complain. B．Fear. C．Doubt. D．Guard.4．Whatbenefitsdoesexpressivewritinghave?a.Ithasasenseoutofanupsettingexperience.b.It’seasytoloseyourownemotionsandself-control.c.Itforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughtswhenwriting.d.Itgivescouragetofacefear.A．a(chǎn)bc B．bcd C．a(chǎn)cd D．a(chǎn)bd5．What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Expressivewritingcandealwithallkindsofproblems.B．Somepeopledon’tthinkexpressivewritingasaperfectway.C．Expressivewritingcanhelpwithseriousmentaldisasters.D．Medicineisnotusefulwhensomeonehasamentaldisaster.（二）（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）TheHSTwassentintospaceonApril24th,1990.Here,HSTstandsforHubbleSpaceTelescope.ThistelescopewasnamedafterthefamousAmericanscientistEdwinHubble.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisasheavyas11tonsandis43feetlong.Thepowerforthetelescopeisprovidedbyafewsolarpanels(太陽(yáng)能板).TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisthefirstlarge,space-basedoptical(光學(xué)的)telescopeoftheworld.Ittakespicturesbyusingmirrors.TheHST’stravelingspeedisabout5milespersecond.Thistelescopeisabout353milesabovetheEarth.Tillnow,theHubbleSpaceTelescopehastakenmorethan1.2millionpictures,includingpicturesofblackholesandplanets.Thistelescopedoesnottraveltostarsorplanets.Itonlytakestheirpictures.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisdifferentfromothertelescopesonEarthbecauseitflieshighabovetheEarth.IthasabetterviewofthingsinspacethantelescopesontheEarth.Thecamerasplacedinthistelescopecanseemanydifferentlights.Thesecamerastakeonlyblackandwhitepictures.Scientistsadddifferentcolorstothosepictureslater.Aftertakingpicturesofdifferentthings,itusesradiowavestosendthemthroughtheairbacktotheEarth.Eachmonth,thistelescopesendsbackmanypictures.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopecanseethingsthatarefarawaybutitcannotseeafewnearbythingsliketheSun.6．HowdidtheHSTgetitspower?A．Fromthemoon. B．FromtheEarth. C．Fromthestar. D．FromtheSun.7．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHST?A．Ittakes1.2millionpictureseveryyear. B．Ittravelstostarstotakepictures.C．Itusesmirrorstotakepictures. D．Itmainlytakespicturesofblackholes.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Thetelescope. B．Thepicture. C．Thecamera. D．Thelight.（三）（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Dinnercustomsaredifferentaroundtheworld.IfyouareadinnerguestinGhana,thisinformationwillhelpyou.InGhanadinnerisusuallyfromfourintheafternoontosixintheevening.ButtherearenostrictrulesabouttimeinGhana.Wheneveraguestarrives,afamilyoffersfood.Whenyougotoahome,thehosttakesyoutothelivingroomfirst.Atthistimeeveryonewelcomesyou.Thenyougotothedining-room.Thereyouwashyourhandsinabowlofwater.Allthefoodisonthetable.InGhanayouusuallyeatwithyourfingers.Youeatfromthesamedishaseveryoneelse.Butyoueatfromonesideofthedishonly.Itisnotpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideofthedish.Afterdinner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.MostmealsinGhanahaveadishcalledfufu.PeopleinGhanamakefufufromthepowderofsomeplants.Sometimestheycutthefufuwithasawbecauseitisveryhardandlikerubber.Youmustchewfufuwell,oryoucangetsick.Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourrighthandonly.9．Inthefourthparagraph,thewriterwantstotellus________.A．whattoeatinGhana B．howmuchtimetospendonadinnerC．thewayofeating D．differentfoodatadinner10．IfyouaredinnerguesttoafamilyinGhana,you’refirst________.A．toldsomestrictrulesaboutdinner B．takentothedining-roomC．takentothelivingroom D．toldtowashyourhands11．Theword“chew”inthelastparagraphmeans________.A．smell B．tasteC．presswithyourhands D．crushwithyourteeth12．Atadinneryoueatfoodfrom________.A．thetopofadish B．theothersideofthedishC．thedishonlyforyou D．justonesideofadish13．InGhana,________.A．dinnerisalwaysatsix B．rulesfordinnertimearenotstrictC．a(chǎn)familyoffersfoodonlyatfour D．youdon’thavetowashyourhandsagainafterdinner（四）（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Moreandmorepeoplearespeakingtotheircomputersormobiledevicestosearchforthingsonlineorontheirharddrives.Voicerecognitiontechnology,likeGoogle’sVoiceSearchorApple’sSiri,meansourtechnologyisbeginningtounderstandwhatwearesaying.ThetechnologyresearchcompanyNorthstarrecentlyconductedGoogle’sMobileVoiceStudyandfoundthatvoicesearchesonmobiledeviceshavemorethandoubledinthepastyear.

Northstarsaidthatvoicesearchisalotmorepopularamongteenagersthanadults.Researchersinterviewed1,400Americans.Theyfoundthat55percentofteensusevoicesearchatleastonceaday,comparedwith41percentofadults.Google’sVicePresidentforConversationalSearchexplainedhowimportantvoicesearchisbecoming.Hesaid,“VoicesearchisakeyfeatureoftheGoogleappthat’sbecomingevermoreimportantaspeoplespendmoretimeontheirmobilephones.”Theresearchfoundthatmanyteenagersthoughtvoicesearchwasanormalpartoftechnology,whereasadultssaiditmadethemfeel“techsavvy”.Bothteensandadultsusedvoicesearchtomulti-taskwhilewatchingTVorcooking.Researcherssaidpeopleusedvoicesearchfordifferentpurposes.

Oneimportantuseforteenswastostudy.Almostone-thirdofthe13-18-year-oldssurveyedsaidtheyasktheirphonesforanswerstotheirhomework.14．Whydomoreandmorepeoplespeaktotheircomputersormobiledevices?A．Becausetheyliketoshowoff.B．Becausetheywanttosearchforthingsonlineorontheirharddrives.C．Becausethisistheonlywaytolookforinformation.D．Becausetheyarebusywithothersmatters.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“techsavvy”inparagraphtwomean?A．Havingagoodknowledgeoftechnology.B．Caringabouttechnology.C．Improvingtechnology.D．Makingfulluseoftechnology.16．Whendoteensandadultsusevoicesearchtomulti-task?A．Whentheyread. B．Whentheycook.C．Whentheydohomework. D．Whentheybecometired.17．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutvoicesearch?A．Itismorepopularamongadultsthanteenagers.B．Teensuseittoplaygames.C．Itistheachievementofthedevelopmentoftechnology.D．Itsuggeststhatpeopleliketalkingmorethantheyliketyping.18．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Importanceofcomputersandmobilephones.B．Differentpurposesofusingvoicesearch.C．Opinionsontherightuseofvoicesearch.D．Popularityofvoicesearchamongpeople.（五）（2023·重慶渝中·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Doyouhavegoodfriends?Doyousometimesfeelsoclosetothemthattheyarelikefamilytoyou?Itturnsoutthatthisisn’tjustanexpression.Astudyhasfoundthatyouandyourfriendshavemoregenes（基因）incommonthanstrangersdo.Researcherslookedatthegenesof1,932peopleandcomparedtheminpairsofunrelatedfriendsandstrangers.Theyfoundthatfriendshave1%ofgenesthatmatch.1%ofgenesmaynotsoundlikemuchtous,buttogeneticistsitisalargernumber.Infact,thisisthesameamountofgenesyousharewithyourfourthcousins.Sodoyouhappentobecomefriendswithpeoplewhoshareyourgenes?Notatall.Infact,itisevolution（進(jìn)化）thatbringsyoutogether.Peoplewhosharecertaingenesalsoshareskillsandhavesimilarlikesanddislikes.Inancienttimes,itwasimportantthatpeoplewhowerealikestayedtogether.Forexample,peoplewhohadasimilarsusceptibility（易感性）,givingthemabetterchancetostayalive.Amongallthegenesstudied,thoseproducingachangeinsenseofsmellwerethemostsimilarinfriends.Thisisprobablybecausepeoplewhosmellthingsinthesamewayaremoreeasilydrawntosimilarenvironments.Forexample,peoplewholikethesmellofcoffeemayhangoutatcafesmoreoftenandasaresultaremorelikelytomeetandbecomefriendswitheachother.Withthesefindings,researchershavedevelopedaninterestingtestcalledthe“friendshipscore”.Itcanhelptellhowlikelytwopeoplewillbefriendsbystudyingtheirgenes.So,hereisaquestionforyou:wouldyouliketotakethistestandknowinadvance（提前）whoyourfriendsaregoingtobe.19．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Itturnsoutthatthisisn’tjustanexpression”?A．Friendslooklikeourcousin.B．Friendsshare1%ofgeneswithus.C．Friendsfeelclosetoourfamily.D．Friendscanhelpuswhenwefeelcold.20．ThewritertakestheexampleofancientpeopleinParagraph5to________.A．studyhowancientpeopledealtwiththecoldB．predictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendshipC．provethatitisevolutionthatbringsfriendstogetherD．explainwhyancientpeoplegaveeachotherchancetokeepalive21．Accordingtothispassage,whatistherightrelationship?A．Evolvesameskillsandhobbies→SameGenes→BecomefriendsB．SameGenes→Evolvesameskillsandhobbies→BecomefriendsC．SameGenes→Becomefriends→EvolvesameskillsandhobbiesD．Becomefriends→Evolvesameskillsandhobbies→SameGenes22．Youdecidetousethe“friendshipscore”describedinthearticletomakeanAppbasedonthepurposeofthescore.What’sthebestnameforyournewApp?A．HelloGene! B．GeneTest C．GreenFinder D．GeneFriends（六）（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookhasbecomeamust.Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmendhomeappliances(家電)undernewrequirementsforlaboreducation.TheMinistryofEducation(MOE)broughtoutanewstandardforlaboreducationinschoolslastyear.Startingfromthe2022fallsemester,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshavetotakecoursesonlaborskillsatleastonceaweek.Laboreducationhelpsstudentsvaluehardwork.Itincludesthingslikehouseholdchores(家務(wù)),on-campuslaborandcommunityvolunteerservices.Thenewstandardsincludethreetypesoflabortasks.Thefirstisforthingslikeeverydaychores,includingcleaning,organizing,cooking,andusingandmaintaininghomeappliances.Nextisproductivelabor,includingagriculture,makingtraditionalhandicrafts,andapplyingnewtechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandlasercutting(激光切割).Thethirdtypeisservicework,whichincludesvolunteerwork.SchoolsinChinahavetraditionallyplacedmorefocusonstudyingandmanyhaveseenhouseholdchoresasawasteofchildren’stime.ButaccordingtotheMOE,laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentscultivate(培養(yǎng))socialvaluesanddevelopaninterestinlabor.Online,peoplehavebeenbusydiscussingthenewstandardsonsocialmedia.LiuFang,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinBeijing,stronglysupportslaboreducation.Forthepastyear,shehastrainedherdaughterstodohouseholdchoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Themainideaistoletthemshareresponsibilityasfamilymembersandbecomeindependentasearlyastheycan,”saidLiu.“Throughdoinghousework,theirhand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào)),timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedandit’salsogoodtohelpthemrelax.”Throughsucheducation,Liusaidhertwinshavefoundfunindoingchoresandaremoreindependent.23．Whoshouldtakepartinthelaborcourseaccordingtothenewstandardforlaboreducationinschools?A．studentsover20yearsold B．studentsinjuniorhighschoolC．parents D．teachersandstudents24．Whatcanstudentslearnthroughlaboreducation?a.Howtoplantvegetables.b.Howtoraisechickensorducks.cHowtobemorefocusedinclass.d.Howtofixcomputersorfridges.A．a(chǎn)bc B．a(chǎn)bd C．bcd D．a(chǎn)cd25．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Whystudentsshouldreceivelaboreducation.B．WhatlaboreducationwaslikeinChinainthepast.C．Thetypesoflaboreducationincludedinthenewstandard.D．Howstudentsfindabalancebetweentheirstudyandlabortasks.26．WhatdoesLiuFangthinkoflaboreducation?A．It’stoosimpleforstudents.B．Itisn’tfunenoughforstudentsC．Ittakesuptoomuchofstudents’freetime.D．Ithelpsstudentsdevelopdifferentskills.27．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Newcoursesforprimaryschoolstudents.B．Laboreducationforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.C．Waystocultivatestudents’socialvalues.D．Newtechnologiesusedinprimaryandmiddleschools.（七）（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥ば？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Ifyoudon’tuseyourarmsoryourlegsforsometime,theywillbecomeweak;whenyoustartusingthemagain,theywillgradually(逐漸地)becomestrongeragain.Everybodyknowsthis.Yetmanypeopledon’tseemtoknowthatitisthesameasourmemory.Ifafriendsaysthathisarmsandlegsareweak,weknowthatitishisownfault.Butifhetellsusthathehasapoormemory,manyofusthinkthathisparentsaretoblame(責(zé)怪),andfewofusknowthatitisjusthisownfault.Haveyoueverfoundthatsomepeoplecan’treadorwritebuttheyusuallyhavebettermemories?Thisisbecausetheycan’treadorwriteandtheyhavetorememberthings;theycan’twritethemdowninalittlenotebook.Theymustrememberdates,names,songsandstories;sotheirmemoriesarebeingexercisedthewholetime.Soifyouwantagoodmemory,learnfromthesepeople:practiceremembering.28．Ifyoudon’tuseyourarmsorlegsforsometime,theywill________.A．becomestrong B．break C．becomeweak D．hurt29．Whatdoestheword“fault”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．困難 B．過(guò)錯(cuò) C．粗心 D．聰明30．Whatdomanypeoplethinkofthepersonwithapoormemory?A．Hisparentsaretoblame. B．Heisn’tclever.C．Heisfoolish. D．Hisparentsareveryclever.31．Somepeoplecan’treadorwrite,buttheyusuallyhavebettermemoriesbecause________.A．theyarestrong B．theyoftenpracticerememberingthingsC．theyhavestrongarmsandlegs D．theirparentsaregood32．Whatdoesthepassagemainly(主要)talkabout?A．Armsandlegs B．Exercise C．Behavior D．Memory（八）（2023·廣東東莞·統(tǒng)考三模）XinjiangliesinthenorthwestpartofChina.ItsmanycitiesarepopularplacesfortouristsuchasTurpan,Kashi,AksuandtheprovincialcapitalcityUrumqi.AsXinjiangisaprovincewithquitealotofminoritygroups(少數(shù)民族),therearesomelocaltraditionalfestivalsthatwemightnotquiteknowof.GrapeFestivalisonetraditionalfestivalinTurpan.Itisthehometownofgrapes.Thisworld-knowncitywelcomesthelocalpeopleaswellasinternationalfriendstocelebratethefestivaltogether.ThisfestivalisnotjustacelebrationofTurpan’smostimportantagriculturalproduct,butagoodchancetoenjoythelocalwayoflife.DuringtheyearlyTurpanGrapeFestival,weddingpartiesintheUygurminoritystyleandtraditionalsinginganddancingactivitiesareheld.Thetradefairsarealsoincluded.Besides,travelersmayvisitthegrape,melon,andfruitstreets.TurpanGrapeFestivalisaspecialeventtocommemoratetheancientSilkRoadsothatpeoplewillnotforgetaboutthisroad.Theroadplayedanimportantroleinconnectingthecommunicationoftradeandculturesbetweentheeastandthewest.Turpanisfamousasanimportantpointoftheroad.33．WhichofthefollowingistheprovincialcapitalcityofXinjiang?A．Aksu. B．Turpan. C．Kashi. D．Urumqi.34．Whatistheunderlinedword“It”inParagraphTworeferto?A．GrapeFestival. B．Grape.C．Turpan. D．SilkRoad.35．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．XinjiangisapopulartouristplaceinthenortheastpartofChina.B．Xinjiangdoesn’thavemanypeoplefromtheminoritygroups.C．GrapeFestivalinTurpanisagoodwaytoenjoythelocalwayoflife.D．Intheoldtimes,UrumqiwasthestartingpointoftheancientSilkRoad36．Theunderlinedword“commemorate”probablymeans“________”.A．remember B．forget C．introduce D．continue37．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．IttellsuswhichpartXinjiangisin.B．ItintroducesGrapeFestivalinTurpan.C．IttellsustheimportanceofSilkRoad.D．IttellsussometraditionalfestivalsinXinjiang.（九）（2023·廣西梧州·統(tǒng)考一模）Chinaisabigcountryoffoodanditsfoodcultureiswell-knownintheworld.FromancientChinatomodernChina,foodrecipes(食譜)havebeendevelopedallthetime,andsomerecipesarenotonlypopularinChina,butalsoallovertheworld.Ricenoodlescookedwithriversnails(螺螄粉),akindofpopularstreetfoodofLiuzhouinGuangxi,arebecomingapopularsnackathomeandabroad.KnownasLuosifeninChinese,thedishisusuallysoldfromroadsidestands(路邊攤)innightmarketsinGuangxi.ThedishwaslistedaspartofLiuzhou’sintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))in2008andbecamepopularafterbeingintroducedinthefoodshowABiteofChinain2012.Sincethen,Luosifenrestaurantshavedevelopedquicklyacrossthecountry.It’ssaidthat28.4millionpackets(包)ofLuosifenweresoldonTaobaolastyear,becomingthemostpopularsnackontheonlinemarketplace.AccordingtothecommerceofficeinLiuzhou,thevalueofprepackagedLuosifenreachedabout5billionyuaninthefirsthalfoftheyear.Itwasalsooneofthebest-sellingfoodsduringtheCOVID-19inChina.Expertssaidthatatotalofaround7.5millionyuan’s(about$1.1million)worthofLuosifenwasexportedfromLiuzhoufromJanuarytoJunein2020,eighttimesthetotalexportvaluein2019.Inadditiontothetraditionalexportmarkets,includingtheUS,Australia,France,thedeliciousdishhasalsobeendeliveredtonewmarketssuchasSingaporeandNewZealand.OnJuly14,2020,over14,000packetsofLuosifenproducedbyGuangxiLuobawangFoodCo.,Ltd.(有限公司)wereexportedtoRussia.根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。38．Wherearericenoodlescookedwithriversnailsusuallysold?A．Ontheroadsidestands. B．Inthesupermarket. C．Inthebigrestaurants.39．Luosifenrestaurantshavedevelopedquicklyalloverthecountrysince________.A．theyear2008 B．theyear2012 C．theyear201940．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“export”inChinese?A．進(jìn)口 B．?dāng)U充 C．出口41．Whichofthefollowingmarketsisnewforricenoodlescookedwithriversnails?A．America. B．Australia. C．Singapore.42．Whatdoesthisarticlemainlytalkabout?A．Food. B．Education. C．Sport.（十）（2023·河北唐山·統(tǒng)考二模）Haveyoueverbeeninaclasswhenallthestudentsarekeptinatlunchtimejustbecausetwoorthreestudentswon’tstoptalking?Theteachergetsirateandsuddenlyeveryoneisintroubleinsteadofjustthestudentswhocausedtheproblem.Thisiscalled“collective(集體的)punishment”andmanystudentsinAustraliawantitstoppedinschools.Somesaythatcollectivepunishmentteachesyoungpeoplethattheirbehaviorhasaneffectonotherpeople.Asmostofuswanttobelikedand“fitin”(順應(yīng)),allstudentsthenfeelthattheyhavetobehavewell.Otherssaythatthistypeofpunishmentcausesstudentstofeelangrywiththestudentswhoarenotbehavingwell.Itdestroystrustandgoodrelationshipsbetweenclassmates.Butcollectivepunishmentcanharmstudentswhowanttodotherightthing.Teachersatmyschoolsaythatsomestudentsbecometoodisappointedtocometoschool.Theyareunhappybecausetheirclassgetsclassdetention(課后留校)mostdaysandisknownasthe“badgroup”.Aparentatthissameschoolbelievesthatthistypeofpunishmentisusefulbecauseithelpsteacherstoknowwhichstudentsarenotbehavingwell.Shethinksthatwhenaclassknowstheymaybegivenadetention,thestudentswhoweredoingthewrongthingwillownup(承認(rèn)).Ourschool’spsychologist(心理學(xué)家),MiriamKoch,saysthatstudentswhohavelearningdifficultiesandkeepmakingtroubleinclassroomsoftenhavepoorsocialskills.Heropinionisthatcollectivepunishmentcankeepthesestudentsawayfromtheirclassmates.Shebelievesthatitisbestforteacherstousegrouprewards(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))andclearrulesforstudentsbehaviortohelpdevelopteamwork.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irate”mean?A．Silent. B．Angry. C．Lost. D．Worried.44．Inwhatwayiscollectivepunishmentgood?A．Itgetsstudentstoworkharder. B．Itbringsstudentsheartscloser.C．Ithelpskeeporderintheclassroom. D．Ithelpsformgoodteacher-studentrelationships.45．Howcancollectivepunishmentharmstudentswhowanttodotherightthing?A．Theyfeelunloved. B．Theycopybadbehavior.C．Theyhatetogotoschool. D．Theyavoidseeingpeople46．Whydoestheparentfindcollectivepunishmentuseful?A．Ithelpsteacherstofindtroublemakers.B．Itmakesstudentstellononeanother.C．Itallowsstudentstoknowoneanotherbetter.D．Itgetsteacherstohelpbadly-behavedstudents.47．WhatdoesMiriamKochthinkoftroublemakersinaclassroom?A．Theywanttogetrewards. B．Theyhavegoodsocialskills.C．Theyarenotclearaboutrules. D．Theymaygetworseaftercollectivepunishment.（十一）（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Doyouhavesocialjetlag?Oursleepchangesthroughourlivesinmanydifferentways.Whenitcomestothehoursofsleepthatweneed,theyseemstobecomelessaswegetolder.Eventhoughitmayseemthatteenagersneedalotofsleep,14-year-oldto17-year-oldtypicallyneedaround8to10hourspernight,whichisn’ttoodissimilartoadults7to9hourspernight.Thetimingofoursleepchangesasweage.Duringadolescence（青春期）,sleeptimingbecomeslater.Interestingly,thischangeinsleeptiminghappensinadolescentsaroundtheworldandisevenfoundinothermammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）.Becausesocietyischangingandyoungpeopleoftenhavetoliveoutoftheirnaturalwaysbecausetheyhavetogetupearlytogotoschoolintheweek.Iftheyareunabletofallasleepearly,thiscanmeantheymaynotsleepenough.Whentheweekendarrives,theyhavemorecontrolovertheirschedule（日程安排）,so★.Theymaytryto“catchup”onsleeplossduringtheschoolweek.Thisshiftinsleeptiminghasbeencalled“socialjetlag”,asachangeinschedulecanleadtojetlagsymptoms（癥狀）.Socialjetlaghasbeenconnectedwithfactorsincludingfatnessandunhappiness.Itissometimessuggestedthataweekendlie-in（睡懶覺(jué)）isfine,butthatproperwaketimeshouldbewithintwohoursofthatduringtheweekday,tomakepeoplebecomewellfromnoenoughsleep,whilestoppingsocialjetlagfrombecomingworse.48．Whatdoweknowaboutthehoursofsleep?________A．Mostteenagersneedlesssleepthanadults.B．Weneedmoresleepaswegrowolder.C．Thehoursofsleepchangethroughourlivesinalmostthesameway.D．Therearesmalldifferencesinthehoursofsleepadultsandchildrenneed.49．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin★?________A．theygetupearlier.B．theystayuplateandplaygames.C．theyfallasleepearlierandwakeuplater.D．theytalkabouttheirschoolliveswiththeirparents.50．Whichofthefollowingmaybestdescribe“socialjetlag”?________A．Achangeinsleeptiming.B．Asymptomofunhappiness.C．Afeelingaboutsleeploss.D．Anactionofaweekendlie-in.51．Accordingtothepassage,tostopsocialjetlagfrombecomingworse,wecan________.A．wakeupat7:30ontheweekdayandwakeupat9:00ontheweekendB．wakeuptwohoursearlieronweekendsthanthewaketimeonweekdaysC．takeanapoftenandwakeupatthesametimeontheweekendD．haveaweekendlie-inallthemorningandnotwakeuptillnoon52．Thewriter’swritingpurposeisto________.A．tellpeoplesomethingabout“socialjetlag”B．a(chǎn)dvisepeopletogotobedearlyandgetupearlyC．showhissurpriseaboutthechangeinpeople’slivesD．showthesocietyisdeveloping（十二）（2023·湖南婁底·統(tǒng)考二模）Nobodywantstolose,butwemustacceptthatlosingisapartoflife.Afterall,wecan’twinallthetime.However,wecanlearnsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure(失敗).Thismayhelpussucceedinthefuture.Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.Wemustn’tbeafraidoflosing.Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthebrightsideofit.Failurecan’tbeavoidedinourlife.Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheinventedthelightbulb(燈泡).Whenhewasaskedhowhefelt,hesaidthathehadn’tfailed10,000timesbuthadlearned10,000thingswhichdidn’twork.Wemustknowthathistoryisfullofexamplesofmenandwomenwhoachievedsuccessalthoughtheyfailedmanytimes.Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearntotakeadva