第02講-時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)-(外研版2019必修第一冊(cè))(原卷版)

第02講時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】復(fù)習(xí)初高中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和標(biāo)志詞。掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和考點(diǎn)?！净A(chǔ)知識(shí)】時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)名稱(chēng)構(gòu)成標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（）（連系動(dòng)詞is/am/are）一般過(guò)去時(shí)（）連系動(dòng)詞was/were）一般將來(lái)時(shí)（）is/am/aregoingtodois/am/are(about)todo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/havebeendoing過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（）was/weregoingtodowas/were(about)todo課前檢測(cè)：1.There_______sixcountriesinSCO(上合組織)atfirst,butnowthenumberhasincreasedtoeight.A.is B.are C.were D.willbe2.—Jack,remember______offthelightswhen______yourbedroom.—OK,Iwon’tforget,Mom.A.turning;leavingB.toturn;leaveC.turning;leftD.toturn;leaving3.—Whenistheschoolartfestival?—ItwillbeheldontimeifitnextMonday.A.don’train B.won’train C.doesn’train D.didn’train4.Theydon'tlivehereanylonger.They______toChengdulastmonth.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.aremoving5.Beforethesun______,weneedtogettothetopofthemountain.A.set B.sets C.issetting D.willset6.—Simon,doyouknowwhoinventedthekite?—Sure!It________byMoziover2,000yearsago.A.isinvented B.invented C.wasinvented D.willbeinvented7.—We________toYunBrocadeMuseumwiththeexchangestudentsthiscomingsummerholiday.—That’samazing!A.went B.go C.havegone D.willgo8.They______aboutacomedyatthistimeyesterday.A.weretalkingB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.willtalk9.TheTVnewsreportsthatthere________astormthedayaftertomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen10.Yesterday,I _______thesubwayhomewhenIsuddenlyfoundIwasonthewrongline.11.ItotheWestLakefourtimes,butIwillgothereagainthissummer.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.hadgone【考點(diǎn)剖析】常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)連連看：考點(diǎn)一：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,考點(diǎn)1：永恒的真理考點(diǎn)2：“主可將從必現(xiàn)”時(shí)間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;條件：if,unless,provided/providing(that),so/aslongas考點(diǎn)3：makesure/certainthat,seetoitthat等＋賓語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)4：the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…(越……就越……)例1．【單句填空】1.Ilearnedthattheearth_____aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.（go)2.Ifhe____thejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.(accept)3.Solongashe______hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.(work)4.Theharderyou_____,thebetterresultsyouwillget.(study)考點(diǎn)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,long,longago,onceuponatime,etc.例2．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1.(全國(guó)I)Edward,youplaysowell.ButI__________youplayedthepiano.A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown2.(北京)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse__________intobeing.A.cameB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.wouldcome3.(北京)WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhang考點(diǎn)三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,etc考點(diǎn)1：will+v.(原)begoingtodo考點(diǎn)2：某些表示“位置移動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來(lái)。I______forBeijingtomorrow(leave).考點(diǎn)3：祈使句+and/or+陳述句Useyourheadandyou______away(find).句式變換(1)(Giveme)onemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.Moreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.句式變換(2)Givenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.例3．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1._____onthetopofthetowerandyou’llenjoythesceneryofthewholecity.A.StandingB.StandC.TostandD.Stand2._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given。考點(diǎn)四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/aredoing;am/is/arebeingdone時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,atthemoment,thesedays等小貼士：主要考查根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷例4．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】(陜西)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt考點(diǎn):頻度副詞，如always,constantly,continually等和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。考點(diǎn)五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/weredoing;was/werebeingdone表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間正在做或一直在做的某事。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。例5．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1.(四川)Thetelephone_________,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung2.(全國(guó)II)--Isthisanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.--Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I_______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking考點(diǎn)六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（重點(diǎn)）：have/hasdone;have/hasbeendone時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：inthepast/lastfewyears,lately；recently,just，uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays，for+時(shí)間段；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)例6．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】(全國(guó)課標(biāo)I)Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive考點(diǎn)1：It/This/Thatis+序數(shù)詞+time+that…表示“這是…第幾次做某事”考點(diǎn)2：Itistheonly/thebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名詞＋that…針對(duì)練習(xí):填空:1.It/ThisismyfirsttimethatI_____________China.(visit)2.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI_____________.(see)3.Thatistheonlybookthathe______________.(write)單項(xiàng)填空:(陜西)Thisisthefirsttimewe__________filminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen考點(diǎn)七、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/hasbeendoing)例7．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1.I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyou_______sohardthisyear.A.studiedB.hadstudiedC.willstudyD.havebeenstudying2.I’mtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping溫馨小貼士：1.多表說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度、感情色彩2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)常選后者3.和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別考點(diǎn)八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)（重點(diǎn)）：haddone;hadbeendone時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(1)threeyearsbefore,(2)by+過(guò)去時(shí)間theendof+過(guò)去時(shí)間thetimethat….(過(guò)去時(shí)間)(3)when,before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than考點(diǎn)二：It/This/Thatwasthe序數(shù)詞+time+that…考點(diǎn)三：hadhopedtodo/that…表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞：expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等Ihadmeanttogoawaybutcouldn’tgetridofthechildren.拓展：v.+tohavedone(以上動(dòng)詞適用)IwantedtohaveseenyouoffattheairportbutIgottheretoolate.例8．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】There_________25parksinourcityuptill2000.(be)Bytheendoflasttermwe__________thebook.(finish)Theyfinishedearlierthanwe___________.(expect)Ihad__________myworkwhenhecametoseeme.(finish)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanit__________tosnow.(begin)Nosooner________I__________homethanthetelephonerang.(arrive)（注意主謂倒裝）Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe____________hergrandfather.(see)It_________3yearssinceweparted.(be)I________thatIcoulddothejob.(hope)I_________toseeyoubutIwastoobusy.(intend)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：woulddo;was/weregoingtodoWillbedoing被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。此主要講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，也就是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)常用“被”“受”“給”“遭”“挨”等詞來(lái)表被動(dòng)意義。動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+with+工具”。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞變化的。構(gòu)成：be/get+過(guò)去分詞一般完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone過(guò)去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone將來(lái)shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone過(guò)去將來(lái)should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone考點(diǎn)1）主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的）不定式前需加to。感官動(dòng)詞：使役動(dòng)詞：Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.___________________________________________________.考點(diǎn)2）Itissaid/reported/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…“據(jù)說(shuō)/報(bào)道…;人們說(shuō)…”=Sbissaid/reported/…todo/tobedoing/tobedone考點(diǎn)3）不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況。①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）如：happen,takeplace,breakout等。②表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞如：have、own、belongto等?？键c(diǎn)4）主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義①feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)；②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具備的某種特性時(shí)。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.Mypenwritessmoothly.③want,require,need“需要”+v-ing表示被動(dòng)④be(well)worthdoing⑤在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent（出租）考點(diǎn)5）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。beseated坐著Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.鞏固練習(xí)Ⅰ.單句填空1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G(consider).

2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey(construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts.

3.Later,Nelson(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime(discuss)anddebated.

Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit.

6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety.

7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelcomebythem.

8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.

【真題演練】Ⅰ.單句填空1.Arepresentativewho(see)hisperformancebeforethoughthecouldreplaceanotherstarwhointendedtoleave.

2.It(be)atraditionsincethekingsintheeighthandninthcenturiesstoppedtrading.

3.Additionally,thekindsoffacialmake-up(臉譜)(be)themostparticularartinPekingopera.

4.ItissaidLuBan,wholivedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,(invent)thekite.

5.Especiallyfamousisthewallbuiltin220—206BC.Littleofthatwall(remain).

6.Accordingtotheletter,theChanZuckerbergInitiative(help)topromote“equalityforallchildreninthenextgeneration”.

7.Thehumbleman(refuse)aninterviewinvitationafterbecominganInternetstarandsaidthathejustdidwhathefeltheshould.

8.TeafromChina,alongwithhersilkandporcelain(瓷器),begantobeknowntotheworldmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenit(be)animportantChineseexport.

9.It(become)separatedfromBritainandIrelandby6500BC.

10.(江蘇,22)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1.Mysisterboughtakindofcloth.Thiskindofcloth_______.A.fellverysoftB.feelsverysoftC.isfeltverysoftD.feelsverysoftly2.I’dratheryou________tomorrow.A.cameB.comeC.comesD.coming3.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe______inBeijing.A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive4.Doyouknowif_______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome5.Ihavealotofworktodo,becauseI_______tomorrow.A.leaveB.amleavingC.wouldleaveD.leaving6.Ihaveleftthecompany,andnowI_____inthebank.A.workB.amworkingC.haveworkedD.isworking7.Mary_______adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB,ismakingC.wasmakingD.make8.Itisthethirdtimethattheboy______.A.waslateB.hasbeenlateC.islateD.hadbeenlate9.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

_______hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

A.willkeep

B.haskept

C.willbekept

D.hasbeenkept10.Greatchanges_________inTongreninthepastfiveyears.A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace11.Bytheendoflasttermwe__________thebook.(finish)12.Thiskindofcloth________easily.(wash)13.Greatchanges________sinceyou_______.A.havetakenplace,haveleftB.havebeentakenplace,haveleftC.havetakenplace,left語(yǔ)法填空Passage1Oceanpollution1(be)serious.Itcan2(kill)oceancreaturesandevenharmhumans.It’svitaltofocusonthisissueandfindwaystopreventpollutioninourwaters.

Pollutionintheoceansseverely3(harm)seacreatures.Forexample,oceananimalsoftenmistakepiecesofplasticforfood.As4result,theirbellies5(fill)withplasticfrombottles,containersandbeachtoys.Thiscanbedeadlytotheanimals.

Oceanpollution6(cause)riskstohumans,too.Pollutedwatercanresult7diseaseamongswimmers.Also,peopleeatfishwhichmight8(poison)withharmfulchemicalsfromoilleaksandrubbishinseawater.

Somepeoplemayarguethatoceanpollutionisnotser