黃金卷03-備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷(廣東、山東專用)(解析版)

【贏在高考·黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（山東、廣東卷）黃金卷03（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARosettaStoneTheappoffers25languagestochoosefromanditlistenstoyourpronunciationtohelpgraspyourskills.Ithelpsyoulearnlanguagefoundationsfaster.RosettaStonestartsat$35.97for3months,buthasadditionalplansofdifferentlengths,includingalifetimemembershipfor$199.MangoWhilemanyoftheappsonthislistfocusongamifying(游戲化)andmakingthelearningexperienceaddictive,Mangogoesintheotherdirection,payingmuchattentiontodetailedinstruction.Asinglelanguagewillcostyou$7.99amonth,or$17.99foraccesstoallofavailablelanguages(that’s70languages).Mangohaslongerlessons,whichaverageatabout12minutesperlesson.Theselessonsareverydetailed,andMangoemphasizesconversation-basedmethodologytogetyoutowardbeingfluent.MondlyMondlyfocusesongamifyingthelanguage-learningexperience.YoucangetstartedonMondlyforfreeandupgradetoasubscriptionservice,rangingbetween$9.99and$479.90.Theappisgoodforthosewhohavenoexperienceinlearninganewlanguage.DuolingoDuolingoisfamousforitsowl(貓頭鷹)ifyoudon’tkeepontrackwithyourlessons.Thebestpartofthisappisthatit’scompletelyfree,althoughyouhavetheoptiontoupgradeifyou’dliketoavoidtheads.Theupgradedplanis$12.99amonth,andwith34languagestolearn,it’stheeasiestappbyfartogetstartedwith.There’recomprehensiontestsforlisteningandreading.You’lllistentoastoryandanswerquestionstoseehowmuchyoucomprehendedfromthestory.1.WhatisspecialaboutMango?A.Itgamifiesthelanguagelearning.B.Itoffersa12-minutelessonatatime.C.Itisthecheapestappofthefour.D.Itfocusesondetailedinstruction.2.WhatisthefunctionoftheowlinDuolingo?A.Trainingitsusers’listening.B.Forcingitsuserstokeepgoing.C.Preventingitsusersfromtheads.D.Helpingitsusersanswerquestions.3.Whichappisthemostsuitableforforeignlanguagebeginners?A.Mondly.B.Mango.C.Duolingo.D.RosettaStone.【1~3題答案】【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾款學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的app。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mango段落下的第一句“Whilemanyoftheappsonthislistfocusongamifying(游戲化)andmakingthelearningexperienceaddictive,Mangogoesintheotherdirection,payingmuchattentiontodetailedinstruction.(雖然這個(gè)列表中的許多應(yīng)用程序都專注于游戲化和沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)，但Mango卻朝著另一個(gè)方向發(fā)展，非常注重詳細(xì)的指導(dǎo))”可知，Mango的特別之處是它側(cè)重于詳細(xì)的指導(dǎo)。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Duolingo段落下的第一句“Duolingoisfamousforitsowl(貓頭鷹)ifyoudon’tkeepontrackwithyourlessons.(如果你沒(méi)跟上學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度的話，Duolingo的貓頭鷹可是很有名的)”可知，Duolingo的貓頭鷹可以促使用戶堅(jiān)持使用，跟上課程進(jìn)度。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mondly段落下的最后一句“Theappisgoodforthosewhohavenoexperienceinlearninganewlanguage.(該應(yīng)用程序適用于那些沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人)”可知，Mondly適用于外語(yǔ)初學(xué)者。故選A。BImaginereadingastorytitled"PursuingSuccess."Thatwouldbeaninspiringstory,wouldn'tit?Maybe—butmaybenot.Itmightwellbethestoryofsomeonewhosenever-endingchaseformoreandmoresuccessleavesthemunsatisfiedandincapableofhappiness.Thoughitisn'taconventionalmedicaladdiction,formanypeoplesuccesshasaddictiveproperties.Obviously,successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent,praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine(神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺)，whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors.Thedesireforsuccessmaybeborntohumannature,butspecialnessdoesn'tcomecheap.Successistoughwork,anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered.Unfortunately,successisendless.Thegoalcan'tbesatisfied;mostpeopleneverfeel“successful”enough.Thehighonlylastsadayortwo,andthenit'sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill(快樂(lè)跑步機(jī)現(xiàn)象)，inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.Peopleshouldgetoffthetreadmill.Butquittingisn'teasyforaddicts.Forpeoplehookedonsubstances,withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically,researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.Olympicathletes,inparticular,sufferfromthe“post-Olympicblues.”Justlikewine,successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor—insteadofacomplement(補(bǔ)充物)to—therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives.4.Whatdoespraisefunctionaswhengoingwithsuccess?A.Ithasnothingtodowithsuccessaddiction.B.Itmayindirectlycausesuccessaddiction.C.Italwaysbringspositiveresultsofsuccess.D.Itresultsinalladdictivebehaviorsexceptsuccess.5.WhydidtheauthormentiontheresearchfindingsofRobertGoldman?A.Toshowsuccessisatoughandcrueljob.B.Tostressthekeytosuccessliesinefforts.C.Toarguethatathletesdeservemorerewards.D.Todescribetheroutinetrainingofanordinaryathlete.6.Whatcansuccessbringtoasuccessaddictaccordingtopsychologists?A.Satisfactionandasenseofpride.B.Anxietyandshort-livedhappiness.C.Relaxationandendlessmotivation.D.Confidenceandpermanenthappiness.7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoaboutpursuingsuccess?A.Stopchasingsuccess.B.Chasesuccessatanycost.C.Reflectonwhatmattersinlife.D.Giveuploveandrelationships.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了成功對(duì)人們的影響，對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，成功有上癮的特性，但成功是艱苦的工作，它要求承擔(dān)失敗的代價(jià)，而且成功還是無(wú)止境的，帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)卻很短暫；對(duì)此，作者建議人們應(yīng)該思考自己生活中真正重要的東西是什么?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Obviously,successgoeswithpraise.Toacertainextent,praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺），whichcontributestoalladdictivebehaviors.”（顯然，成功與表?yè)P(yáng)相伴。在一定程度上，表?yè)P(yáng)刺激神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺，這有助于所有成癮行為。），可知表?yè)P(yáng)與成功相伴，會(huì)刺激神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺，它可能間接地導(dǎo)致成功成癮。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Successistoughwork,anditrequiresbearingthecostoflosing.Inthe1980s,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfamouslyfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverycompetitiontheyentered.”（成功是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作，它需要承擔(dān)損失的代價(jià)。1980年代，醫(yī)生RobertGoldman發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)著名的發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過(guò)半數(shù)雄心勃勃的運(yùn)動(dòng)員愿意服用一種藥物，這種藥物將在五年內(nèi)殺死他們，以換取他們參加的每一場(chǎng)比賽都能獲勝。），可推知本段列舉RobertGoldman的研究是為了說(shuō)明成功是一項(xiàng)艱巨而殘酷的工作。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Thegoalcan'tbesatisfied;mostpeopleneverfeel“successful”enough.Thehighonlylastsadayortwo,andthenit'sontothenextgoal.Psychologistscallthisthehedonictreadmill(快樂(lè)跑步機(jī)現(xiàn)象)，inwhichsatisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediatelyandwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.”（目標(biāo)不能滿足，大多數(shù)人從來(lái)沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到“成功”足夠過(guò)。興奮的狀態(tài)只持續(xù)一兩天，然后又進(jìn)入下一個(gè)目標(biāo)。心理學(xué)家稱之為快樂(lè)跑步機(jī)現(xiàn)象，在這種情況下，滿足感幾乎立即消失，我們必須繼續(xù)下一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以避免落伍的感覺(jué)。）和倒數(shù)第二段中的“Forpeoplehookedonsubstances,withdrawalcanbeapainfulexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically,researchfindsthatdepressionandanxietyarecommonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.”（對(duì)于那些沉迷于物質(zhì)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，戒斷可能是一種痛苦的經(jīng)歷，無(wú)論是身體還是心理上，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束后，抑郁和焦慮是常見(jiàn)的。），可知成功者永遠(yuǎn)感覺(jué)不到滿足，他們的滿足感/幸福感是短暫的，一些優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束后，會(huì)抑郁和焦慮，說(shuō)明成功能給成功成癮者帶來(lái)短暫的幸福和焦慮。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“Justlikewine,successinandofitselfisnotabadthing.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.Butbothbecomebossywhentheyareasubstitutefor—insteadofacomplement(補(bǔ)充物)to—therelationshipsandlovethatshouldbeatthecenterofourlives.”（就像葡萄酒一樣，成功本身并不是壞事。兩者都能給生活帶來(lái)樂(lè)趣和甜蜜。但是，當(dāng)它們?nèi)〈恕皇茄a(bǔ)充——我們生活本該是關(guān)系和愛(ài)的中心時(shí)，它們就會(huì)變得專橫。），可知作者認(rèn)為成功本身并不是壞事，但當(dāng)成功取代了我們生活中最核心的關(guān)系和愛(ài)時(shí)，成功就會(huì)變成壞事。由此推知，作者建議讀者思考生活中最重要的事情。故選C項(xiàng)。CWhenmakingchoices,peopleassumethattheypickwhattheylike.However,researchsuggeststhatwelikesomethingstrictlybecausewehavechosenit.Inotherwords,wedislikethingswedon’tchoose.Andthisphenomenonhasexistedsincewewerebabies.Inanexperiment,USresearchersbroughtseveral10to20-month-oldbabiesintoalabandgavethemtwosamebrightandcolorfulsoftblockstoplaywith.Theyseteachblockfarapart,sothebabieshadtocrawltooneortheother—arandomchoice.Afterthebabychoseoneofthetoys,theresearcherstookitawayandcamebackwithanewoption.Thebabiescouldthenpickeitherthetoytheydidn’tplaywithbefore,orabrand-newtoy.Itturnedoutthatthebabiesreliablychosetoplaywiththenewtoyratherthantheonetheyhadnotchosen.Infollow-upexperiments,whenresearchersinsteadhelpedchoosewhichtoythebabywouldplaywith,thephenomenondisappeared.“Asiftheyweresaying,‘Hmm,Ididn’tchoosethatobjectlasttime,becauseIguessIdidn’tlikeitverymuch”saidLisaFeigenson,co-authorofthestudy.Thisisaveryimportantphenomenoninlife,Feigensonnoted.Adultswilllesslikethethingtheydidn’tchoose,eveniftheyhadnorealpreferenceinthefirstplace.Itlookslikebabiesdojustthesame.Itshowsthattheactofmakingchoiceschangeshowwefeelaboutouroptions.Therandomchoicesmightbecomeourpreferences.“Theyarereallynotchoosingbasedonwhethertheyarenovelorwhattheyprefer,”saidAlexSilver,co-authorofthestudy.Thisnewfindingexplainswhyadultsbuildunconsciouspreferencewhentheymakechoicesbetweenthesamethings.Justifying(證明有道理)choiceissomehowfundamentaltothehumanexperience.“Ichosethis,soImustlikeit.Ididn’tchoosethisotherthing,soitcannotbesogood.Adultsmaketheseinferencesunconsciously,”Feigensonsaid.Suchtendencymakessensetousasweliveinaconsumercultureandmustmakesomanychoiceseveryday,betweeneverythingfromtoothpastebrandstostylesofjeans.Next,researcherswilllookatwhethertoomanychoicescouldbeaproblemforbabiesastheycertainlyareforadults.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiments?A.Totestwhetherpeoplechoosewhattheylike.B.Toseewhybabiesprefernewtoystooldones.C.Toexplainhowbabiesandadultsmakechoicesdifferently.D.Tostudyiftoomanychoicescouldcreateproblemsforpeople.9.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheexperiments?A.Babiespreferbrightandcolorfultoys.B.Babies’preferencelargelyaffectstheirchoices.C.Babiespreferadultstohelpthemmakechoices.D.Babies’previousrandomchoicesaffecttheirpreference.10.Whyisthenewfindingimportantinlife?A.Itentirelychangesourstylestochoose.B.Ithelpsusmakewisedecisionsinaconsumerculture.C.Itpromotestherelationshipbetweenadultsandbabies.D.Ithelpsusunderstandourunconsciouspreferenceforchoices.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Babieslikewhattheychoose B.RandomchoicesmatterC.Toomanychoicespuzzletheadults D.Preferenceaffectsthechoice【8~11題答案】【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)選擇可能會(huì)成為我們的偏好，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠解釋為什么成年人在相同的事情之間做出選擇時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生無(wú)意識(shí)的偏好。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“However,researchsuggeststhatwelikesomethingstrictlybecausewehavechosenit.Inotherwords,wedislikethingswedon’tchoose.（然而，研究表明，我們喜歡某樣?xùn)|西是因?yàn)槲覀冞x擇了它。換句話說(shuō)，我們不喜歡我們沒(méi)有選擇的東西。）”可知，研究表明的是我們的喜好和我們的選擇之間的關(guān)系，這也是本文要討論的話題，由此可推斷出，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)也是圍繞這一話題進(jìn)行的，目的是為了測(cè)試人們是否選擇他們喜歡的東西。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Thisisaveryimportantphenomenoninlife,Feigensonnoted.Adultswilllesslikethethingtheydidn’tchoose,eveniftheyhadnorealpreferenceinthefirstplace.Itlookslikebabiesdojustthesame.”（Feigenson指出，這是生活中非常重要的現(xiàn)象。成年人不會(huì)喜歡他們沒(méi)有選擇的東西，即使他們一開(kāi)始沒(méi)有真正的偏好。看起來(lái)嬰兒也一樣。）和第六段關(guān)鍵句“Itshowsthattheactofmakingchoiceschangeshowwefeelaboutouroptions.Therandomchoicesmightbecomeourpreferences.（它表明做出選擇的行為改變了我們對(duì)自己選擇的感覺(jué)。隨機(jī)選擇可能會(huì)成為我們的偏好。）”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明隨機(jī)選擇可能會(huì)成為我們的偏好，由此可知，嬰兒先前的隨機(jī)選擇會(huì)影響他們的偏好。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段關(guān)鍵句“Thisnewfindingexplainswhyadultsbuildunconsciouspreferencewhentheymakechoicesbetweenthesamethings.（這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了為什么成年人在相同的事情之間做出選擇時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生無(wú)意識(shí)的偏好。）”可知，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠解釋為什么成年人在相同的事情之間做出選擇時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生無(wú)意識(shí)的偏好，由此可知，這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)在生活中是重要的，是因?yàn)樗鼛椭覀兝斫饬宋覀儗?duì)選擇的無(wú)意識(shí)的偏好。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。瀏覽文章，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“However,researchsuggeststhatwelikesomethingstrictlybecausewehavechosenit.Inotherwords,wedislikethingswedon’tchoose.Andthisphenomenonhasexistedsincewewerebabies.（然而，研究表明，我們喜歡某樣?xùn)|西是因?yàn)槲覀冞x擇了它。換句話說(shuō)，我們不喜歡我們沒(méi)有選擇的東西。這種現(xiàn)象在我們還是嬰兒的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)存在了。）”可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)選擇可能會(huì)成為我們的偏好，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠解釋為什么成年人在相同的事情之間做出選擇時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生無(wú)意識(shí)的偏好。“Randomchoicesmatter”意為“隨機(jī)選擇很重要”，符合文章主題，最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。DBrainaneurysms(腦動(dòng)脈瘤)affectaboutoneinevery50Americansandcanleadtoseriousmedicalemergencies,includingstroke,braindamageanddeathiftheyburst.Existingtreatmentoptionsarelimitedandofteninvasive(擴(kuò)散),andsurgicaloutcomescanvarywidelyfrompersontoperson.ResearchersatLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory(LLNL)havebecomethefirstteamtoproducealiving,bioprintedaneurysmoutsideofthehumanbody,performamedicalprocedureonitandobserveitrespondandhealasitwouldinanactualhumanbrain.“Whiletherearealotofpromisingtreatmentoptions,somestillhavealongwaytogo,”saidMoya,theproject’sprincipalinvestigator.Onecommontreatmentis“clipping”-attachingametalcliptothebaseoftheaneurysmtoredirectbloodflowawayandkeepitfrombursting.Theprocedureishighlyinvasive,requiringsurgeonstoopenuptheskullandexposethebrain.Amorecommonandlessinvasivetreatmentisthemetalcoiling(纏繞)approach.Thedownsideto“coiling”isthatsuccessishighlydependentonavarietyoffactors,includingthegeometryofthepatient’sbloodvessels,whichdifferfromonepersontothenext,researcherssaid.Animalmodelsaren'tnecessarilythebestwaytotryouttheseoptions,astheylackdirectobservationoftreatmenteffectsandhaveuncontrollableaneurysmgeometries.Unlikeanimalmodels,LLNL’splatformallowsscientiststodirectlymeasuretheliquid.Totakesomeoftheguessworkoutofaneurysmtreatments,Hynes,theoriginalprincipalinvestigator,realizedresearcherswouldneedawaytovalidatemorepredictive3Dmodelsthattakepatientgeometryintoaccountbybioprintingwithhumancells.Bycombiningthe3D-printedplatformwithcomputationalmodels,researcherssaidthey'vedevelopedapotentialtoolforsurgeonstopre-selectthebestcoiltypes,andperform“testruns”ofproceduresbeforeattemptingthemonthehumanpatient“What’sexcitingisthatthisplatformcopiestheactualbloodvesselsandalsoisstrongenoughtohandleacoilingprocedure.Thismakesitidealtobeusedasatrainingplatformforsurgeons.”Moyasaid.Inadditiontoatestbedforsurgicaltraining,researcherssaidtheplatformhaspotentialforimprovingtheunderstandingofbasicbiologyandthepost-surgeryhealingresponse.Whileearlyresultsarepromising,theresearcherscautionedthere'salongwaytogobeforetheplatformseesapplicationintheclinicalenvironment.12.Whatistheliving,bioprintedaneurysm?A.It’sasetofsurgicalinstrument.B.It’satissuetransplantedinhumanbody.C.It’satrainingplatformforsurgeons.D.It’satreatmentoptionforbrainaneurysms.13.What’sthedisadvantageofthe“coiling”treatmentoption?A.Theprocedureishighlyinvasive.B.Itmayleadtoseriousmedicalemergencies.C.Surgicaloutcomesvarywidelyfrompersontoperson.D.Itcompletelydependsonthegeometryofthepatient’sbloodvessels.14.Whatmakesanimalmodelsimperfecttotryoutthetreatmentoptions?A.It’sdifficulttoobserveandgatherdataonthem.B.Theyarenotstrongenoughtohandleacoilingprocedure.C.Theiraneurysmgeometriesaretotally-differentfromhuman's.D.Thepotentialresponsetothetreatmentoptionsareuncontrollable.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Thepreviousexperimentshavebeeninvain.B.Theplatformhasimprovedtheunderstandingofbasicbiology.C.Brainaneurysmscanbecuredwithoutanyriskwiththeplatform.D.Moreneedstobedonebeforeapplyingtheplatformintheclinicalenvironment.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。由于現(xiàn)有的治療腦動(dòng)脈瘤的方法是有限的，而且通常是侵入性的，且手術(shù)結(jié)果因人而異，故科學(xué)家一致在探索腦動(dòng)脈瘤的最佳治療方法，同時(shí)文章中分析了幾種研究方法的利弊?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“……toproducealiving,bioprintedaneurysmoutsideofthehumanbody,performamedicalprocedureonitandobserveitrespondandhealasitwouldinanactualhumanbrain.(……要在人體外制造一個(gè)活的、生物打印的動(dòng)脈瘤，對(duì)其進(jìn)行醫(yī)療程序，觀察它的反應(yīng)和愈合，就像在真正的人類大腦中一樣。)”對(duì)LLNL創(chuàng)造的這個(gè)研究方法的介紹以及第四段中“LLNL’splatformallowsscientiststodirectlymeasuretheliquid.(LLNL的平臺(tái)允許科學(xué)家直接測(cè)量液體。)”可知，在人體外制造一個(gè)生物打印動(dòng)脈瘤是為了方便醫(yī)療人員學(xué)習(xí)并研究治療動(dòng)脈瘤的方法。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedownsideto“coiling”isthatsuccessishighlydependentonavarietyoffactors,includingthegeometryofthepatient’sbloodvessels,whichdifferfromonepersontothenext,researcherssaid.(研究人員說(shuō)，“盤(pán)繞”的缺點(diǎn)是成功與否高度依賴于多種因素，包括患者血管的幾何形狀，每個(gè)人的血管形狀都不同。)”可知，“盤(pán)繞”治療法的缺點(diǎn)是成功與否高度因人而異。故選C。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“astheylackdirectobservationoftreatmenteffectsandhaveuncontrollableaneurysmgeometries.(因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈?duì)治療效果的直接觀察，并且動(dòng)脈瘤的幾何形狀是不可控制的。)”可知，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物模型缺乏對(duì)治療效果的直觀觀察，不能得到有效的數(shù)據(jù)，這一點(diǎn)讓動(dòng)物模型在試驗(yàn)治療方案時(shí)不完美。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句“Whileearlyresultsarepromising,theresearcherscautionedthere'salongwaytogobeforetheplatformseesapplicationintheclinicalenvironment.(雖然早期的結(jié)果很有希望，但研究人員警告說(shuō)，該平臺(tái)在臨床環(huán)境中應(yīng)用還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。)”可以推知，LLNL平臺(tái)要真正投入臨床應(yīng)用，還需要大量的工作要做。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Findithardtogetstarted?Trythesesuggestionstohelpyouriseandshine—andbeeffectivefrommorningtillnight.●GetupearlierSleepingincanbeahardhabittobreak.Actually,itinvolvestwothings—goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlier.Startoffbygoingtobed15minutesbeforeyourusualturn-intimeandsettingyouralarmthesamenumberofminutesearlierthenextday.____16____.●HaveagoodstretchinbedBeforeyouevenopenyoureyes,stretcheveryextremity(四肢)for15seconds.Liftyourarmandbeginbystretchingeachfinger,nextyourhand,andthenyourarm.____17____.Endwithaneckandbackstretchthatgetsyououtofbed.Bydoingthis,youwillenhancetheflowofbloodthroughyoursystem,providingyourtissueswithextraoxygen.●____18____Thefewerchoicesyouhavetomake,thebetter.Beforegoingtobed,decidewhatyou’regoingtowear,workoutwhichrouteyou’lltaketoworkandwhatyou’llpackinyourbag.●ConsultyourmorningcalendarHangalargewhiteboardinyourkitchen.Onit,writedownallyouneedtoknowforthatparticularday,fromdoctorappointmentstowhatyou’redoingwithyourfriends.Checkitcarefullywhileyousipyourfirstcupofcoffeeortea.____19____.●Getmoving____20____.Butifyoucangetyourselfintothehabit,exercisinginthemorningcangiveyouenergytojump-startyourday.A.PlanaheadB.Moveontoyourtoes,feetandlegsC.ItwillhelpyoutostructureyourdayD.SpendlesstimechoosingthingswhenpackingE.MorningexercisecangetyourefreshedquicklyF.Ifyou’reanightowl,anearlymorningjogmightsoundlikepunishmentG.Graduallyresetyoursleepcycleuntilyougettoyourdesiredwake-uptime【答案】16.G17.B18.A19.C20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了讓你從早睡到晚都充滿活力的幾個(gè)小技巧?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Sleepingincanbeahardhabittobreak.Actually,itinvolvestwothings—goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlier.Startoffbygoingtobed15minutesbeforeyourusualturn-intimeandsettingyouralarmthesamenumberofminutesearlierthenextday.（睡懶覺(jué)是很難改掉的習(xí)慣。事實(shí)上，它包括兩件事——早睡早起。從比平時(shí)早15分鐘上床睡覺(jué)開(kāi)始，第二天把鬧鐘設(shè)置得比平時(shí)早15分鐘。）”可知，這里與上文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，是上文提到的方法帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。即通過(guò)調(diào)整重置自己的睡眠周期。所以G選擇項(xiàng)“Graduallyresetyoursleepcycleuntilyougettoyourdesiredwake-uptime.（逐漸重置你的睡眠周期，直到你達(dá)到你想要的起床時(shí)間。）”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Haveagoodstretchinbed（在床上好好舒展一下）”和前文“Liftyourarmandbeginbystretchingeachfinger,nextyourhand,andthenyourarm.（抬起你的手臂，從伸展每根手指開(kāi)始，接著是你的手，然后是你的手臂。）”和下文“Endwithaneckandbackstretchthatgetsyououtofbed.（最后做一個(gè)頸部和背部伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)，讓你起床。）”可知，這里為承上啟下，繼續(xù)介紹伸展肢體的部位。所以B選項(xiàng)“Moveontoyourtoes,feetandlegs.（接著是腳趾、腳和腿。）”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Beforegoingtobed,decidewhatyou’regoingtowear,workoutwhichrouteyou’lltaketoworkandwhatyou’llpackinyourbag.（在睡覺(jué)前，決定好你要穿什么，計(jì)劃好上班的路線，以及包里要裝什么。）”可知，這里列舉了我們睡覺(jué)前考慮的事情，包括第二天穿的衣服。所以A選項(xiàng)“Planahead（提前計(jì)劃）”作為小標(biāo)題，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Hangalargewhiteboardinyourkitchen.Onit,writedownallyouneedtoknowforthatparticularday,fromdoctorappointmentstowhatyou’redoingwithyourfriends.Checkitcarefullywhileyousipyourfirstcupofcoffeeortea.（在廚房里掛一塊大白板。在上面，寫(xiě)下當(dāng)天你需要知道的一切，從看醫(yī)生到和朋友在一起做什么。當(dāng)你喝第一杯咖啡或茶時(shí)，仔細(xì)檢查它。）”可知，這里說(shuō)明白板的作用，幫助你規(guī)劃你的一天。所以C選項(xiàng)“Itwillhelpyoutostructureyourday.（它將幫助你安排你的一天。）”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Getmoving（動(dòng)起來(lái)）”和后文“Butifyoucangetyourselfintothehabit,exercisinginthemorningcangiveyouenergytojump-startyourday.（但如果你能養(yǎng)成這個(gè)習(xí)慣，早上鍛煉可以給你力量，讓你開(kāi)始新的一天。）”可知，這里介紹晨練的好處。所以E選擇項(xiàng)“Morningexercisecangetyourefreshedquickly.（晨練能讓你很快精神煥發(fā)。）”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AlainaandKeith,theownersofacoffeeshop,weresurprisedtodiscoverthatsomeonehadgraffitied(涂鴉)afenceoutsidetheirshop.Butthereal____21____cameaftertheypostedabouttheincidentonFacebook.Discoveringthegraffitiontheirpropertywas____22____,AlainaandKeithdecidedtotakeamore____23____routeinsteadofcallingthe____24____.Theysharedwhathadhappenedonline,explainingthattheywere____25____togivethefenceanupdatewithamural(壁畫(huà)).“Callingall____26____!”theywrote.Itwas____27____whattheyaskedfor.“Wearelookingforsomethingthatwilluplift,bringhope,and____28____ourcommunity!”Astheirpostgainedattentiononline,theyheardfromtheverypeopletheyhadleast____29____toseeagain.Onedaythree_____30_____cameintothecoffeeshop.Theylooked_____31_____,buttheyfoundthecourageto_____32_____forgraffitiingthefenceandpromisedtorepaintit.Shockedattheir_____33_____choicetoreturntotheshop,KeithandAlainainstantlychosetoforgivetheteens.Afterthegraffitiwas_____34_____,theamazingcouplereceivedacallfromShowerthePeople,acharitableorganizationinNashville.Theywere_____35_____bythecouple'sstoryandcreatedamuralforthem.Whatapowerfuldemonstrationofforgiveness!Itjustgoestoshowthatoneactofkindnesscanhaveadomino(多米諾骨牌)effect.21.A.sadness B.pressure C.guilt D.shock22.A.disappointing B.embarrassing C.confusing D.exciting23.A.adventurous B.positive C.realisticD.supportive24.A.customer B.manager C.policeD.company25.A.inspired B.persuaded C.requiredD.permitted26.A.neighbors B.doctors C.artists D.teachers27.A.confidently B.eventually C.exactly D.casually28.A.protect B.connect C.repairD.recognize29.A.arranged B.promised C.refusedD.expected30.A.teenagers B.painters C.customers D.adults31.A.terrified B.delighted C.depressedD.surprised32.A.apply B.apologize C.prepare D.stand33.A.proud B.selfless C.modest D.brave34.A.repaidfor B.brokendown C.paintedoverD.packedup35.A.touched B.amused C.defeatedD.disturbed【21~35題答案】【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.C27.C28.B29.D30.A31.A32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了一個(gè)愛(ài)與寬恕的故事，表明了善行可以產(chǎn)生多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但真正令人震驚的是，他們?cè)贔acebook上發(fā)布了這一事件。A.sadness悲傷；B.pressure壓力；C.guilt內(nèi)疚；D.shock震驚。根據(jù)上文“AlainaandKeith,theownersofacoffeeshop,weresurprisedtodiscoverthatsomeonehadgraffitied(涂鴉)afenceoutsidetheirshop.”可知，咖啡店店主Alaina和Keith驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在他們店外的圍墻上亂畫(huà)。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：阿萊娜和基思發(fā)現(xiàn)自家墻上的涂鴉令人失望，他們決定采取更積極的方式，而不是報(bào)警。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.embarrassing令人尷尬的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.exciting令人興奮的。根據(jù)“Discoveringthegraffitiontheirproperty”可知，有人在自己店外的圍墻上亂畫(huà)，這是令人失望的。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.adventurous有冒險(xiǎn)精神的；B.positive積極的；C.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的；D.supportive支持的。根據(jù)下文可知，Alaina和Keith并沒(méi)有選擇報(bào)警，而是在網(wǎng)上分享此事，并解釋說(shuō)受此啟發(fā)，他們想要召集畫(huà)家在圍墻上畫(huà)個(gè)壁畫(huà)。由此可推知，他們采取一種更積極的方式對(duì)待此事。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.customer顧客；B.manager經(jīng)理；C.police警察；D.company公司。盡管發(fā)現(xiàn)自己店外的圍墻被人亂畫(huà)了，但Alaina和Keith沒(méi)有報(bào)警，而是決定采取另一種方式處理此事。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上分享了發(fā)生的事情，并解釋說(shuō)，他們受到啟發(fā)，給柵欄畫(huà)了一幅壁畫(huà)。A.inspired激勵(lì)，啟發(fā)；B.persuaded勸說(shuō)；C.required需要，要求；D.permitted允許。根據(jù)“togivethefenceanupdatewithamural(壁畫(huà)).”可知，他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上分享了發(fā)生在他們店外圍墻上的事，并解釋說(shuō)他們受到啟發(fā)，想在圍墻上畫(huà)個(gè)壁畫(huà)。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“呼叫所有的藝術(shù)家!”他們寫(xiě)道。A.neighbors鄰居；B.doctors醫(yī)生；C.artists藝術(shù)家；D.teachers老師。結(jié)合下文中的“Wearelookingforsomethingthatwilluplift,bringhope,and____28____ourcommunity！”可知，他們要召集所有畫(huà)家。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這正是他們想要的。A.confidently自信地；B.eventually最終；C.exactly確切地；D.casually隨意地。根據(jù)““Wearelookingforsomethingthatwilluplift,bringhope,and____28____ourcommunity!””可知，用壁畫(huà)更新圍墻，他們需要藝術(shù)家們，而這“正是”他們所要求的。故選C。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們正在尋找能夠振奮人心、帶來(lái)希望并連接我們社區(qū)的東西！”A.protect保護(hù)；B.connect連接；C.repair修理；D.recognize識(shí)別。根據(jù)“Wearelookingforsomethingthatwilluplift,bringhope”可知，此處表示正在尋找能夠連接社區(qū)的東西。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著他們的帖子在網(wǎng)上引起關(guān)注，他們收到了他們最沒(méi)想到會(huì)再見(jiàn)到的人的來(lái)信。A.arranged安排；B.promised承諾；C.refused拒絕；D.expected期待。根據(jù)“Shockedattheir____33____choicetoreturntotheshop,KeithandAlainainstantlychosetoforgivetheteens.”可知，這幾個(gè)畫(huà)了涂鴉地青少年是他們最沒(méi)想到會(huì)再見(jiàn)到的人，夫妻倆收到了他們的來(lái)信。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，三個(gè)十幾歲的孩子走進(jìn)咖啡店。A.teenagers青少年；B.painters畫(huà)家；C.customers顧客；D.adults成年人。根據(jù)“KeithandAlainainstantlychosetoforgivetheteens.”可知，此處表示三個(gè)青少年走進(jìn)咖啡店。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們看起來(lái)很害怕，但他們還是鼓起勇氣為自己在圍欄上亂涂亂畫(huà)而道歉，并承諾會(huì)重新粉刷。A.terrified恐懼的；B.delighted高興的；C.depressed抑郁的，沮喪的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)“buttheyfoundthecourage”可知，此處和“foundthecourage”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表示他們看起來(lái)很害怕。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.apply申請(qǐng)；B.apologize道歉；C.prepare準(zhǔn)備；D.stand站立，忍受。根據(jù)“KeithandAlainainstantlychosetoforgivetheteens.”可知，他們鼓起勇氣道歉。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：基思和阿萊娜對(duì)他們返回商店的勇敢選擇感到震驚，立即選擇原諒他們。A.proud驕傲的；B.selfless無(wú)私的；C.modest謙虛的；D.brave勇敢的。根據(jù)“buttheyfoundthecourageto____32____forgraffitiingthefence”可知，此處表示他們是勇敢的。故選D。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：涂鴉被粉刷后，這對(duì)了不起的夫婦接到了納什維爾慈善組織“ShowerthePeople”的電話。A.repaidfor償還，報(bào)答；B.brokendown出故障；C.paintedover刷油漆覆蓋；D.packedup收拾行李。根據(jù)上文“promisedtorepaintit”可知，此處表示涂鴉被粉刷。故選C。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們被這對(duì)夫婦的故事感動(dòng)了，并為他們創(chuàng)作了一幅壁畫(huà)。A.touched感動(dòng)，觸動(dòng)；B.amused消遣，娛樂(lè)；C.defeated擊??；D.disturbed打擾。根據(jù)上文“AlainaandKeithdecidedtotakeamore____23____routeinsteadofcallingthe____24____.”可知，他們被這對(duì)夫婦的故事感動(dòng)了。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepeopleofKiunga,Kenya,havebeenf