2024秋高中英語(yǔ)Unit14CareersSectionⅢGrammar學(xué)案含解析北師大版必修5

PAGEUnit14CareersSectionⅢGrammar單元語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(一)——間接引語(yǔ)(Ⅰ)轉(zhuǎn)述他人的吩咐或要求[語(yǔ)法圖解][視察]①“Couldyoulendmeapen？”→Peteraskedmetolendhimapen.②“Don'tlosethereceipt.It'simportant.”→Thesalesgirlinstructedtheshoppernottolosethereceipt.③“Checkforerrors,please.”→Theteacherorderedtheclasstocheckforerrors.④“Whydon'tyoutakemeforapicnic？”heasked.→Headvisedmetotakehimforapicnic.⑤Hesaid,“Let'sgotothemovies.”→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothemovies.⑥“Wouldyouliketoseemyflat？”sheasked.→Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwouldliketoseeherflat.→Sheaskedmetoseeherflat.[發(fā)覺](1)干脆引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)把祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用order/ask/instruct/suggest等。如句②、句③、句⑤。(2)干脆引語(yǔ)為委婉祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)把委婉祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式，動(dòng)詞用ask/advise等，如句①、句④。(3)干脆引語(yǔ)為以Let's...開頭的祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用“suggestthat...”句式轉(zhuǎn)換。如句⑤。(4)表示懇求的一般疑問句(如句⑥)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)有兩種方式：將干脆引語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容變?yōu)橛蒳f或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句或用ask_sb._to_do_sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。一、干脆引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的含義引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法：(1)放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，不用連詞連接，干脆引述別人的原話稱為干脆引語(yǔ)(directspeech)。(2)不用引號(hào)，通常用連詞連接主句，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，稱為間接引語(yǔ)(indirectspeech)，常常用賓語(yǔ)從句來表達(dá)。MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy.”布萊克先生說：“我很忙。”(干脆引語(yǔ))MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布萊克先生說他很忙。(賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ))[即學(xué)即用1]將干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)“Keepquiet,children，”hesaid.→Heold_the_children_to_keepquiet.(2)“Don'ttellthenewstohim，”shesaidtome.→Sheadvisedmenot_to_tellthenewstohim.→SheadvisedthatIshould_not_tellthenewstohim.二、祈使句的干脆引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的變換當(dāng)干脆引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往依據(jù)干脆引語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣變換成“引述動(dòng)詞＋(not)todo”結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)干脆引語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋“祈使句”。(2)間接引語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)＋引述動(dòng)詞＋sb.(not)todo?！癇ringmeacupoftea,please，”shesaidtohim.“請(qǐng)給我一杯茶?！彼龑?duì)他說?！鶶heaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.她要求他給她帶一杯茶來?！癉on'tmakeanynoise，”shesaidtothechildren.“不要發(fā)出任何噪音，”她對(duì)孩子們說?！鶶hetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.她告知孩子們不要發(fā)出任何噪音。[聯(lián)想歸納](1)表示建議、懇求語(yǔ)氣用ask/advisesb.(not)todo。(2)表示支配、叮囑語(yǔ)氣用tellsb.(not)todo。(3)表示吩咐、指示語(yǔ)氣用ordersb.(not)todo。(4)表示提示、警告語(yǔ)氣用remind/warnsb.(not)todo。[即學(xué)即用2]單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Johnwasveryangryaboutitandtoldmenoto_do(do)thatagain.(2)WehaveaskedTomo_come(come)fordinneronFridayevening.(3)Smokingcandogreatharmtohealth,sotheheadteacherclearlytoldtheboystudentsnoto_smoke(smoke)anymore.(4)Theteacheraskeduso_finish(finish)ourhomework.單元語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(二)——間接引語(yǔ)(Ⅱ)轉(zhuǎn)述他人所說的話[語(yǔ)法圖解][視察]①KatetoldHenry,“Iwillcomeheretowatchtheseprogramstomorrow.”→KatetoldHenrythatshewouldgotheretowatchthoseprogramsthenextday.②MrsLiaskedChenFei,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→MrsLiaskedChenFeiif/whetherhewasinterestedinEnglish.③Lindaasked,“Youlikethefood,don'tyou？”→Lindaasked(me)if/whetherIlikedthefood.④Tomasked,“Wherearemysportsshoes,Mom？”→Tomaskedhismomwherehissportsshoeswere.⑤Heasked,“Whereareyoutogetoff,John？”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.⑥Hesaid,“Doyouliketoeatapplesororanges？”→Heasked(me)whetherIlikedtoeatapplesororanges.[發(fā)覺]干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要留意：(1)語(yǔ)序的變更，如例句②③④⑤⑥；(2)人稱的變更，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(3)時(shí)態(tài)的變更，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(4)提示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞的變更，如例句①。一、語(yǔ)序變更當(dāng)我們用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語(yǔ)時(shí)，稱為間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句，用陳述句語(yǔ)序。而主句部分則依據(jù)語(yǔ)境的須要選擇適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞。(1)干脆引語(yǔ)為疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，原來的疑問句語(yǔ)序，即倒裝語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。(2)干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般要發(fā)生變更。干脆引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)陳述句that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般疑問句if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句特別疑問句由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句祈使句在引述動(dòng)詞后作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告知我，他把書落在我的房間里了。Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers？”→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.她問我是否常常去那里看報(bào)紙?！癢heredoyoulive？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhereIlived.他問我住在哪里。Hisfathersaidtohim,“Leavethedooropen.”→Hisfathertoldhimtoleavethedooropen.他爸爸告知他開著門。Hesaidtoher,“Don'tforgettoposttheletter.”→Hetoldhernottoforgettoposttheletter.他告知她不要遺忘寄信。[即學(xué)即用1]將干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whether_I_had_seen_the_film.(2)Iaskedhim,“WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish？”→Iaskedhimwhenhebegan_to_learn_English.(3)“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.→Hetoldthechildreno_keep_quiet.(4)Theteachersaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”→Theteacheraskeduso_sit_down.二、時(shí)態(tài)的變更(1)引述動(dòng)詞若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不發(fā)生變更。但引述動(dòng)詞假如用過去時(shí)態(tài)，干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要變成各種相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。通常是相應(yīng)地向前推一個(gè)，一般變更如下：干脆引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)“Inevergetupbefore8amonSundays，”saidhe.→Hesaidthathenevergotupbefore8amonSundays.他說他星期天上午8點(diǎn)之前從不起床。Lisasaid,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”→Lisasaidthatherbrotherwasdoinghishomework.莉薩對(duì)我說她弟弟正在做作業(yè)。Themothersaidtoherson,“Didyoucleanyourbedroomyesterday？”→Themotheraskedhersonifhehadcleanedhisbedroomthedaybefore.媽媽問兒子前一天有沒有打掃他的臥房。Tomsaid，“IhavenotheardfromJimsinceFebruary.”→TomsaidthathehadnotheardfromJimsinceFebruary.湯姆說自從二月份以來他就沒收到過吉姆的信。Hesaid,“Iwillwaitforyouatthesameplacetomorrow.”→Hesaidthathewouldwaitformeatthesameplacethenextday.他說他其次天會(huì)在同一個(gè)地方等我。Bobtoldme,“IhadlivedhereforyearsbeforeImovedout.”→Bobtoldmethathehadlivedthereforyearsbeforehemovedout.鮑勃告知我，他在那兒住了多年才搬走。(2)干脆引語(yǔ)假如是客觀真理或事實(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Ourteachersaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”→Ourteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.我們老師說月球圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。[即學(xué)即用2]將干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)Hesaid,“Ihaveseenthefilm.”→Hesaidthathehad_seen_the_film.(2)Theteacheraskedhim,“Canyoufinishthisjobtoday？”→Theteacheraskedhimifhecould_finish_that_jobthatday.(3)Myfathersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”→Myfathersaidthathe_sun_is_bigger_than_the_moon.三、人稱的變更干脆引語(yǔ)中的人稱代詞在轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)也要有相應(yīng)的變更。一般遵循“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”的原則。原則說明一隨主干脆引語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的第一人稱代詞要依據(jù)引述動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)的人稱變更。二隨賓干脆引語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的其次人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的人稱變更，若引述動(dòng)詞后沒有賓語(yǔ)，也可用第一人稱。第三人稱不更新干脆引語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的第三人稱代詞一般不須要變更。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidthatherbrotherwantedtogowithher.她說她弟弟想跟她一起去。Hesaidtome,“Areyoucomingtomorrow？”→HeaskedmeifIwascomingthenextday.他問我其次天是否要來。Thelibrariansaid,“Youmayhavethisbookforoneweek.”→ThelibrariansaidthatImighthavethatbookforoneweek.圖書館管理員說那本書我可以借一個(gè)星期。MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworkmate.”→MrSmithsaidthatJackwasagoodworkmate.史密斯先生說杰克是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的同事。Hesaid,“Marywashereoneweekago.”→HesaidthatMaryhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.他說瑪麗一周前在那里待過。[即學(xué)即用3]將干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid.→Jacksaidthathe_was_a_teacher.(2)ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme？”→SheaskedTomifhe_could_help_her.(3)Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.”→Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshe_was_waiting_for_the_bus.四、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方向性動(dòng)詞的變更(1)干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方向性動(dòng)詞會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變更。常見狀況如下表所示：干脆引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthatthesethosetodaythatdaythismorning/afternoonevening,etc.thatmorning/afternoon/evening,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'time/twodayslaternextweek/month/year,ect.thenextweek/month/year，etc.;thefollowingweek/month/year,etc.lastweek/month/year,etc.theweek/month/yearbefore,etc.；thepreviousweek/month/year,etc.twoweeks/months/yearsagotwoweeks/months/yearsbeforenowthenheretherecomegobringtake(2)假如在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there，動(dòng)詞come不必改為go；假如在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday，tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必變更。Kevinsaidtome,“Thesephotosweretakentenyearsago.”→Kevintoldmethatthosephotoshadbeentakentenyearsbefore.凱文告知我說那些照片是10年前拍的。Hesaid,“Ididn'tcomehereyesterday.”→Hesaidthathehadn'tgonetherethedaybefore.他說他前一天沒有去那里。[即學(xué)即用4]將干脆引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays？”heasked.→HeaskedmewhereI_had_been_those_days.(2)Petersaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”→Petersaidthathe_hadn't_seen_her_that_day.(3)Thewitnesssaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.”→Thewitnesssaidthathat_had_happened_the_day_before.(4)Thewomansaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”→Thewomansaidthatshe_had_arrived_two_days_before.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．ItoldBobo_turn(turn)offtheTVsinceitwastoolate.2．Myparentsaskedmeo_get(get)homeearlierthedaybefore.3．“Wouldyoupleasenotgo(go)there？”heasked.4．Shewantedhimo_sing(sing)forherfriends.5．Thepolicemantoldtheboysnoto_play(play)inthestreet.6．Theteacheraskedhimif/whetherhecouldfinishthatjobthatday.7．OurheadteachersawtheemptyseatnexttomeandaskedwhereJeffhadgone.8．Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemy(I)bikeforamoment.9．LiFangold(tell)methatWangHuawaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate.10．Theteachertoldusthatlightravels(travel)muchfasterthansoundandthiswaswhyyousawthelightingfirstandthenheardthethunder.Ⅱ.將下列句子改為間接引語(yǔ)1．“Wherewillyougotomorrow？”Motheraskedme.→MotheraskedmewhereIwould_go_the_next_day.2．Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”→Theoldwomanasked_me_to_lockthedoorforher.3．Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”→Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhad_gon