2020年7月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題試卷

2020年7月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題試卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthesaying

Thebestpreparationfortomorrowisdoingyourbesttoday.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsiAttheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Sheisagreatathlete.

B)Sheisafamedspeaker

C)Sheisafamousscientist

D)Sheisanotedinventor

2.A)Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving,

B)Hownutritionhelpsathletesperformanceincompetitions

C)Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D)Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights

3.A)Ourphysicalstructures

B)Ourscientificknowledge.

C)Ourbiochemicalprocess

D)Ourconceptofnutrition

4.A)Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B)Itmayleadtoathletesoverrelianceonequipment

C)ltmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes

D)Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard

5.A)Experiences

B)Flexibility.

C)Familybackground

D)Businessconnections.

6.A)Buyingdirectlyfromfactories

B)Shippinggoodsinbulkbysea

C)Havingpartnersinmanypartsoftheworld

D)Usingthesamecontainerbackandforth

7.A)Warehouses

B)Factories.

C)Investors.

D)Retailers

8.A)Trendystyle

B)Uniquedesign

C)Lowerimportduties.

D)Lowershippingcosts

SectionB

Directions：Inthissection,youwillheartwopassagesAttheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearthreeorfourquestionsBoththepassageandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1witha

singlelinethroughthecentre

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

9.A)Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress

B)Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored

C)Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D)Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively

10.A)Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress

B)Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships

C)Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress

D)Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks

ILA)Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentmerits

B)Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit

C)Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets

D)Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

12.A)Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.

B)Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification

C)Anewlydiscoveredwayforpeopletoloseweight

D)Theselfrepairingabilityofageneinobesemice

13.A)Itrendersanorganismunabletofightdiseases.

B)Itpreventsthemicesfattytissuesfromgrowing.

C)Ithelpsorganismsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.

D)Itrendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating

14A)Humanbeingshavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.

B)Halfofapersonstotalweightvariationcanbecontrolled

C)Peoplearebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight

D)Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesisyettobeexplored.

15.A)Theworseningofnaturalenvironment

B)Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.

C)Theacceleratedpaceofpresentrdaylife

D)Theadverseimpactofthefoodindustry

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalks

followedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Similarityininterests

B)MentaLstimulation

C)Openness

D)Compassion

17.A)Thewillingnesstooffertimelyhelp

B)Thejoyfoundineachother〃scompany.

C)Personalbonds.

D)EmotionaLfactors

18.A)Failuretokeepapromise

B)Lackoffrankness.

C)Feelingsofbetrayal

D)Lossofcontact

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver

B)AttheDinosaurNationalMonument

C)AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada

D)Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities

20.A)Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B)Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea

C)Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs

D)Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood

21.A)Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver

B)Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears

C)Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality

D)Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort

B)Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C)Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway;

D)Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

23.A)Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B)Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C)Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays,

D)Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

24A)Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies

B)Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld

C)Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren

D)SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents

25.A)Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B)Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren

C)Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities

D)Viewthingsfromtheirchildren"sperspective.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanksYouarerequiredto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank

followingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemaking

yourchoicesEachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter:Please

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe

bankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheUnitedNationsissuedareportlastweekwarningthathumansaredestroying

natureatsucharatethatlifeonEarthisatriskWhenthereportcameout,itnaturally

26headlines.Butobviouslyitdidrithijackthenewsagendainthemannerofa

majorterroristattackor27ofwar

ThereportfromtheIntergovernmentaLScience-PolicyPlatformonBiodiversity

andEcosystemServices(IPBES)isclearonwha￡sat28andwhatneedsto

change.IPBESchairRobertWatsonsaysthe"29evidencd'anpresents

((ominous(兇兆的)pictur#.“Thehealthofecosystemsonwhichweandallother

speciesdependis30morerapidlythanever;"RobertWatsonsaidWeare31

theveryfoundationsofoureconomies,live-lihoods,foodsecurity,healthandquality

oflifeworldwide“Thereportsaysit〃snottoolateifwemake"transformative

chang^—fundamentalsystem-widereorganization一ateverylevelfromlocal

toglobal,andweneedtofocusonhowtomakethathappen.

First,dontindulgeindespair,becausedespairleadstoinertiaanddoing

nothingmeanscertain32.Everyactiontosavenaturewillimproveourcollective

andpersonalfuturesandtheonlywaytorespondtoathreatofthisscaleiswith33

actionrootedinheadstrongoptimism-Second,weneedrelentlessfocus,justlike

whenparamedics(救護人員)arriveonasceneandusetheconceptoftriage(傷員

鑒另ij分類)〃t。ensurethemost34casesgettreatedfirstSavingthenaturalworld

needsthatkindofthinkingWedon'thavethe35todoeverythingatonce.We

needtomakehardchoices.

A)capacity

B)declaration

C)deteriorating

D)determined

E)disaster

F)eroding

G)grabbed

H)inventory

I)junction

J)monotonous

K)overwhelming

L)stagnation

M)stake

N)stifled

0)urgent

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoitEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofthe

paragraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarked

withaletterAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2

ChildrenUnderstandFarMoreAboutOtherMindsThanLongBelieved

[A]Untilafewdecadesago,scholarsbelievedthatyoungchildrenknowvery

littleifanything,aboutwhatothersarethinkingSwisspsychologistJeanPiaget,

whoiscreditedwithfoundingthescientificstudyofchildren〃sthinking,was

convincedthatpreschoolchildrencannotconsiderwhatgoesoninthemindsofothers

Theinterviewsandexperimentsheconductedwithkidsinthemiddleofthe20th

centurysuggestedthattheyweretrappedintheirsubjectiveviewpoints,incapableof

imaginingwhatothersthinlyfeelorbelieve

[B]Muchofthesubsequentresearchonearlychildhoodthinkingwashighly

influencedbyPiagetsideasScholarssoughttorefinehistheoryandempirically

confirmhisviews.ButitbecameincreasinglyclearthatPiagetseemedtohave

gravelyunderestimatedtheintellectualpowersofveryyoungkidsbeforetheycan

makethemselvesunderstoodbyspeech.Researchersbegantodeviseevermore

ingeniouswaysoffiguringoutwhatgoesoninthemindsofbabies,andtheresulting

pictureoftheirabilitiesshowssubtlevariations.Consequently,theoldviewof

childrerisegocentric(自我中的)natureandintellectualweaknesseshas

increasinglyfallenoutoffavorandbecomereplacedbyamoregenerouspositionthat

seesabuddingsensenotonlyofthephysicalworldbutalsoofotherminddevenin

theyoungestyoung.”

[C]Historically,childrendidntreceivemuchrespectfortheirmentalpowers-

Piagetnotonlybelievedthatchildrenwere“egocentrid'inthesensethattheywere

unabletodifferentiatebetweentheirownviewpointandthatofothers;hewasalso

convincedthattheirthinkingwascharacterizedbysystematicerrorsandconfusions

Whenplayingwithothers,theydontcooperatebecausetheydonotrealizethereare

differentrolesandperspectives.Hewasconvincedthatchildrenliterallycannotget

theiracttogether/z:insteadofplayingcooperativelyandtrulytogether,theyplayside

byside,withlittleregardforothersAndwhenspeakingwithothers,ayoungchild

supposedlycannotconsiderthelistenersviewpointbut"talkstohimselfwithout

listeningtoothersn

[D]Piagetandhisfollowersmaintainedthatchildrengothroughsomethinglike

adarkageofintellectualdevelopmentbeforeslowlyandgraduallybecoming

enlightenedbyreasonandrationalityastheyreachschoolageAlongsidethis

enlightenmentdevelopsanevergrowingunderstandingofotherpersons,including

theirattitudesandviewsoftheworld.

[E]Today,averydifferentpictureofchildrensmentaldevelopmentemerges.

Psychologistscontinuallyrevealnewinsightsintothedepthofyoungchildrens

knowledgeoftheworld,includingtheirunderstandingofotherminds.Recentstudies

suggestthateveninfantsaresensitivetoothersperspectivesandbeliefs

[F]PartofthemotivationtorevisesomeofPiagetsconclusionsstemmedfrom

anideologicalshiftabouttheoriginofhumanknowledgethatoccurredinthesecond

halfofthe20thcentury.Itbecameincreasinglyunpopulartoassumethatabasic

understandingoftheworldcanbebuiltentirelyfromexperience.Thiswasinpart

promptedbytheoristNoamChomsky,whoarguedthatsomethingascomplexasthe

rulesofgrammarcannotbepickedupfromexposuretospeech,butissuppliedbyan

inbornlanguagefaculty./zOthersfollowedsuitanddefinedfurthercoreareas〃in

whichknowledgeallegedlycannotbepiecedtogetherfromexperiencebutmustbe

possessedatbirthOnesuchareaisourknowledgeofothersminds.Someevenargue

thatabasicknowledgeofothersmindsisnotonlypossessedbyhumaninfants,but

mustbecvolutionarilyoldandhencesharedbyournearestlivingrelatives,thegreat

apes.

[G]Toprovethatinfantsknowmoreinthisrealmthanhadbeenacknowledged,

researchersneededtocomeupwithinnovativewaysofshowingitAbigpartofwhy

wenowrecognizesomuchmoreofkids"intellectualcapacitiesisthedevelopmentof

muchmoresensitiveresearchtoolsthanPiagethadathisdisposal

[H]Insteadofengagingbabiesindialogorhavingthemexecutecomplexmotor

tasks,thenewermethodscapitalizeonbehaviorsthathaveafirmplaceininfants

naturalbehaviorrepertoire:looking,listening,sucking,makingfacialexpressions,

gesturesandsimplemanualactions.Theideaoffocusingonthese“smallbehaviord'

isthattheygivekidsthechancetodemonstratetheirknowledgeimplicitlyand

spontaneouslywithouthavingtorespondtoquestionsorinstructionsForexample,

childrenmightlooklongerataneventthattheydidnotexpecttohappen,orthey

mightshowfacialexpressionsindicatingthattheyhavesympatheticconcernfor

othersWhenresearchersmeasuretheselessdemanding,andofteninvoluntary,

behaviors,theycandetectasensitivitytoothersmentalstatesatamuchyoungerage

thanwiththemoretaxingmethodsthatPiagetandhisfollowersdeployed.

[I]Inthe1980s,thesekindsofimplicitmeasuresbecamecustomaryin

developmentalpsychology.Butittookawhilelongerbeforethesetoolswere

employedtomeasurechildrensgraspofthementallivesofothers

[J]Inasetofexperiments,mycolleaguesattheUniversityofSouthern

CaliforniaandIfoundevidencethatbabiescanevenanticipatehowotherswillfeel

whentheirexpectationsaredisappointedWeactedoutseveralpuppet(木偶)showsin

frontoftwo-yeai^oldchildrenInthesepuppetshows,aprotagonist(CookieMonster)

lefthispreciousbelongings(cookies)onstageandlaterreturnedtofetchthem.What

theprotagonistdidnotknowwasthatanantagonisthadcomeandmessedwithhis

possessions.Thechildrenhadwitnessedtheseactsandattentivelywatchedthe

protagonistreturnWerecordedchildrensfacialandbodilyexpressions.Childrenbit

theirlips,wrinkledtheirnoseorwiggled(扭動)intheirchairwhentheprotagonist

cameback,asiftheyanticipatedthebewildermentanddisappointmenthewasabout

toexperienceImportantly,childrenshowednosuchreactionsandremainedcalm

whentheprotagonisthadseentheeventshimselfandthusknewwhattoexpectOur

studyrevealsthatbythetenderageoftwo,kidsnotonlytrackwhatothersbelieveor

expect;theycanevenforeseehowotherswillfeelwhentheydiscoverreality

[K]Studieslikethisrevealthatthereismuchmoregoingoninsmallkidsand

eveninfantsmindsthanwaspreviouslybelieved.Withtheexplicitmeasuresusedby

Piagetandsuccessors,thesedeeperlayersofkidsunderstandingcannotbeaccessed.

Thenewinvestigativetoolsdemonstratethatkidsknowmorethantheycansay:when

wescratchbeneaththesurface,wefindanemergingunderstandingofrelationsand

perspectivesthatPiagetprobablydidnotdreamof

[L]Despitetheseobviousadvancesinthestudyofyoungchildrensthinkingit

wouldbeagravemistaketodismissthecarefulandsystematicanalysescompiledby

Piagetandothersbeforethenewtestsdominatedthescenebecausetheoriginal

methodsrevealedessentialfactsabouthowchildrenthinkthatthenewmethods

cannotuncover

[M]Theresnoconsensusintodayssciencecommunityabouthowmuchwecan

inferfromalook,afacialexpressionorahandgestureThesebehaviorsclearly

indicateacuriosityaboutwhatgoesoninthemindofothers,andprobablyasetof

earlyintuitionscoupledwithawillingnesstolearnmoreTheypavethewaytoricher

andmoreexplicitformsofunderstandingofthemindsofothersButtheycaninno

wayreplacethechildsgrowingabilitytoarticulateandrefineherunderstandingof

howpeoplebehaveandwhy.

36.Piagetbelievedthatsmallchildrencouldnotcollaboratewithotherswhile

playing

37.Theauthorandhiscolleague^studyshowstwo-year-oldmaybeableto

predictotherpeoplesfeelings

38.Inthelatterhalfofthelastcentury,fewerandfewerpeoplebelievedthe

basisforourunderstandingoftheworldiswhollyempiricaL

39.ResearchconductedbyJeanPiagetinthelastcenturysuggestedbabieswere

insensitivetoothers"thinking

40.Ourimprovedunderstandingofbabiesintellectualpowerisattributableto

betterresearchtools

41.Ithasbeenfoundinrecentresearchthatevensmallbabiesaresensitiveto

otherpeople'spointsofview.

42.Scientistsarestilldebatingwhatinferencecanbedrawnfromcertain

physicalexpressionsofachild

43.Thenewerresearchmethodsfocusoninfantssimplebehaviorsinsteadof

requiringthemtoanswerquestions

44Withtheprogressinpsychology,thetraditionalviewofchildreris

selfxenterednatureandlimitedthinkingabilitieshasbecomelessandlessinfluential

45.Eventhoughmarkedadvanceshavebeenmade?itiswrongtodismiss

Piaget;sfundamentalcontributionstothestudyofkidscognitiveabilities

SectionC

Directions:thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Peopleoftendiscussthedangersoftoomuchstress,butlatelyaverydifferent

viewofstressisgainingpopularity:thisviewofstress,heldbymembersofthe

positivestressmovement,arguesthatstressmightactuallybebeneficialThepositive

stressmovementismadeupofpeoplesuchasZacharyRappwhoarelookingforan

edgeinacompetitiveworld,andRappsroutineisagoodexampleoffollowersofthe

movementHewakesupmostmorningsatdawn,goesforarun,sipsblackcoffee

whilerippingthroughemails,andthenstepsintoafreezingcoldshowerThisisa

routinedesignedtoreducethestressofrunningsimultaneouslythreedifferenthealth

andbiotechnologycompaniesfor18hoursaday.

AlthoughRappspracticesmaysoundextreme,heispartofagrowingmovement,

consistinglargelyoftechindustryworkerswhoclaimthatsuchradicaltacticswill

helpthemlivebetterandlongerInspiredbyinfluentialfiguresindifferentfields,

includingentertainers,athletes,entrepreneursandscientist^positivestress

practitionersseekoutsomecombinationofextremetemperatures,restrictivediets,

punishingexerciseroutinesandgeneraldiscomfort

Rapparguesthatpositivestresskeepshimbalanced.Inadditiontorunningand

freezingshowers,Rappusesicebaths,hotyoga,andunconventionaleatingpractices

suchaseliminatingdairy,sugar,alcoholandvariousotherfoodshighin

carbohydrates.Hebelievesthatthesepractices?whichputstressonhisbody,actually

makehimfeellessstressfromworkHowever;Rappdoesnotcreditanyonein

particularforhischoices:hesaidhestartedusingthesemethodsincollege7wherehe

gotintothehabitoftakingicebathstorecoverfromsportsHegotbackintoitwhile

tryingtogethisthreecompaniesofftheground

Rappworkslonghoursandsleepsonlyfivetosevenhoursanightbuthesaidhe

onlygetssickonceayearForhim,thedifferencebetweendayHxrdaystress,likethe

kindwefeelwhenmovingapartments,andpositivestressisthatthelatterinvolves

pushingthebodytoextremesandforcingittobuildupatolerances

OnethoughtleaderinthepositivestressworldisDutchextremeathleteWim

Hofwhoearnedthename"icemarTforhisabilitytowithstandseverecoldusing

deepbreathingexercises.Hofsideashavebecomepopularamongtechindustryelites

and,thankstoHo￡coldshowersarenowatrend;indeed,someevencallitaformof

therapy.

Butitisimportanttonotethatnoteveryoneagreeswiththesepractitioners;

indeed,somemedicalprofessionalsarguethatpositivestressisnotforeveryone,and

thatitmightevenbedangerousforpeoplewhoareunhealthyorolder

46.Whatdowelearnaboutfollowersofthepositivestressmovement?

A)Theyareusuallyquitesensitivetodifferenttypesofstress

B)Theyholdadifferentviewonstressfromthepopularone

C)Theyderivemuchpleasurefromlivingaveryhecticlife

D)Theygainacompetitiveedgebyenjoyinggoodhealth

47.Whatdofollowersofthepositivestressmovementusuallydotoputtheir

ideasintopractice?

A)Theykeepchangingtheirlivinghabits

B)Theynetworkwithinfluentialfigures

C)Theyseekjobsintechindustries

D)Theyapplyextremetactics

48.WhatdoesZacharyRappsayabouthisunconventionalpractices?

A)Theyhelphimcombatstressfromwork.

B)Theyenablehimtocutdownlivingexpenses

C)Theyenablehimtorecoverfrominjuriesandillnesses,

D)Theyhelphimgetthreecompaniesenlistedallatonce.

49.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutday-tcrdaystress?

A)Itisharmfultoonesphysicalandmentalhealth

B)Itdoesnotdifferinessencefrompositivestress

C)Itissomethingeverybodyhastolivewith

D)Itdoesnothelpbuilduponestolerances

50.Whatdosomemedicalprofessionalsthinkofpositivestress?

A)Itstrueeffectremainstobeverified.

B)Itssideeffectshouldnotbeignored.

C)Itseffectvariesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson

D)Itspractitionersshouldnottakeitasaformoftherapy.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ishuntinggoodorbadfortheenvironment,Likesomanyhotbuttonissues,the

answertothisquestiondependsuponwhoyouask.Ontheonehand,somesay,

nothingcouldbemorenaturalthanhuntingandindeedjustabouteveryanimal

species-includinghumans—hasbeeneitherpredatororpreyatsomepointinits

evolutionAnd,ironicasitsounds,sincehumanshavewipedoutmanyanimal

predators,someseehuntingasanaturalwaytoreducetheherdsofpreyanimalsthat

nowreproducebeyondtheenvironment;scarryingcapacity

Ontheotherhand,manyenvironmentalandanimaladvocatesseehuntingas

savage,arguingthatitismorallywrongtokillanimals,regardlessofpractical

considerations.AccordingtoGlennKirkoftheCaliforniarbasedTheAnimalsVoice,

hunting"causesimmensesufferingtoindividualwildanimals.../zandis^irrationally

cruelbecauseunlikenaturalpredation(捕食),hunterskillforpleasure...”Headds

that,despitehuntersclaimsthathuntingkeepswildlifepopulationsinbalance,

hunterslicensefeesareusedtomanipulateafewgamespeciesintooverpopulationat

theexpenseofamuchlargernumberofnon-gamespecies,resultinginthelossof

biologicaldiversitygeneticintegrityandecologicalbalance.〃

Beyondmoralissues,othersc