2022-2023學年山東省青島市高三上學期期末英語試題及答案

2022-2023學年山東省青島市高三上學期期末英語試題及答案(時間:100分鐘，滿分:120分)注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(15個小題，每題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ASomeareattractedtomuseumsbytheartandtheculture—butifthatisn’tenough,thereisalwaysthestrange!CancúnUnderwaterMuseumNoneedtoholdyourbreathtoseethisone.TheCancúnUnderwaterMuseumis,asthenamesuggests,underwater.Morethan500sculpturesanchoredintheoceanoffMexicoaremeanttoillustratetheinterplayofartandnature.Visitorscaneitheradmiretheworksthroughaglass-bottomboatortakeascubadivingtour.OmakaAviationHeritageCentreWithgreatattentiontodetail,NewZealandbuilttheOmakaAviationHeritageCentre,whichexhibitsoriginalaircraftfromtheFirstandSecondWorldWars.SomebelongtofilmdirectorSirPeterJackson,whohelpedcreatethesetdesignswithhisteam.AnyoneinterestedinthepioneersofaviationshouldpayavisittothemuseuminBlenheim.TenementMuseumAtNewYork’sTenementMuseum,visitorscangainaninsightintowhatlifewaslikeforimmigrantsandtheworkingclassinthecityfromthe1860sthroughtothe1980s.Themuseumopenedin1992andoffersguidedtoursoftwotenementbuildingswithrecreatedrooms,wherecostumed‘residents’enactthedailylivesofthecity’snewcomersandworkersovertheperiod—leapsandboundsfromthemoneymakersofWallStreet.CupnoodlesMuseumTheCupnoodlesMuseuminYokohama,Japan,offersatreat:exhibitscanbenotonlyadmired,buteaten.Visitorscanworkinthemuseum’snoodleworkshop,refiningcreationswiththeirfavouriteingredients.Whiledoingso,onecanalsolearnthehistoryoftheramennoodle,oneofJapan’smostpopularfoods.1.WhatisspecialabouttheCancúnUnderwaterMuseum?A.Thestrangename. B.Thenumberofsculptures.C.Worksaboutartandnature. D.Waysofvisitingit.2.Whichmuseumwillattractvisitorsinterestedinhands-onactivities?A.CancúnUnderwaterMuseum. B.OmakaAviationHeritageCentre.C.TenementMuseum. D.CupnoodlesMuseum.3.Whatdothefourmuseumshaveincommon?A.Theyareaboutartandhistory. B.Theydisplayaircraftfromworldwars.C.Theyhaveunusualfeatures. D.Theyrecordimmigrants’dailylives.【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了四個博物館的獨特之處?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對CancúnUnderwaterMuseum介紹中的“Visitorscaneitheradmiretheworksthroughaglass-bottomboatortakeascubadivingtour.(游客既可以乘坐玻璃底船欣賞這些作品，也可以進行水肺潛水之旅)”可知，游客乘坐可以乘坐玻璃底船欣賞，這是與其他的景點的獨特之處。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheCupnoodlesMuseuminYokohama,Japan,offersatreat:exhibitscanbenotonlyadmired,buteaten.Visitorscanworkinthemuseum’snoodleworkshop,refiningcreationswiththeirfavouriteingredients.(日本橫濱的杯面博物館提供了一種享受：展品不僅可以欣賞，還可以吃。游客可以在博物館的面館工作，用他們最喜歡的食材提煉面條)”可知，CupnoodlesMuseum可以自己制作面條，有自己動手的活動。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Someareattractedtomuseumsbytheartandtheculture—butifthatisn’tenough,thereisalwaysthestrange!(有些人被博物館的藝術(shù)和文化所吸引——但如果這還不夠，還有奇怪的事情)”以及四個博物館的介紹可推知，這四個博物館都有些獨特的特征。故選C。BElonMuskisabusinessman,inventorandengineerandisundoubtedly,oneoftheleadingfiguresintheworldoftechnology.MuskwasborninPretoria,SouthAfricain1971.Attheageof12,hetaughthimselfhowtoprogrammecomputers.HewasacceptedtouniversityintheUnitedStateswherehecompletedadegreeinArts.Afterthis,hestartedaPhDinphysicsatStanfordUniversity.However,hedroppedouttopursuehisinterestinstartupsandtechnology.Hefoundedanonlinepaymentsitethateventuallywouldbecomeaglobalcompany.In2001MuskbeganmeetingwithscientiststodiscussthepossibilityofhumanhabitationonMars.Usinghisownfortune,Muskfoundedhiscompanythatdesignsrocketsandspacevehicles.Itwasthefirstprivatelyownedcompanytodoso.In2012,therocketsmadebythecompanydockedwiththeInternationalSpaceStation.MuskalsoreceivedcontractsfromNASA,thusmakinghistorybyprovingthattheconceptofcommercialspaceexplorationwasbothpossibleandaffordable.AnotheroneofMusk’sinnovationsistheelectriccar.MuskstartedacompanyandbecametheCEOin2008.ThecompanyisnamedafterNicolaiTesla,theSerbian-Americaninventorandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordesigningtheACelectricalsystem.ThecarsmadebyMusk’scompanyaredesignedtoendthedependenceonfossilfuelsandsoreducethenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandairpollutionfromcars.WhydoesMuskdevotehimselftosuchinnovations?Bycreatingopportunitiestoexplorenewplanets,MuskbelievesthatintheeventofamajorcatastropheonEarth,therewouldbethepotentialforthehumanracetocontinueelsewhere.OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environment-friendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanever-growingglobalpopulation.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutMusk?A.Helearntcomputerprogrammesfromhisteacherat12.B.HegraduatedfromStanfordUniversitywithadegreeinphysics.C.Hereceivedgovernmentsupporttofoundthespacecompany.D.Henamedhiscompanyafterawell-knownscientist.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whateventwashistoricinMusk’scareer?A.Gettingachievementsinarts.B.Foundinganonlinepaymentsite.C.ReceivingcontractsfromNASA.D.BecomingCEOoftwocompanies.6.WhatisMusk’smotivationforhisinnovations?A.Toexpandhumanreachandprotecttheearth.B.Tostimulatepeople’scuriosityaboutspace.C.Torealizehisdreamofbecomingaleadingfigure.DTomakemoreprofitandsetupmorecompanies.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMusk?A.Giftedandhumorous. B.Curiousandhonest.C.Generousandconsiderate. D.Creativeandresponsible.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是商人、發(fā)明家以及工程師ElonMusk成功背后的故事，盡管早年從斯坦福輟學，但是他勇于追求自己喜愛的事物，成為了兩大公司的總裁，并以自己的兩大設(shè)計：火箭和電動汽車成為21世紀的先驅(qū)?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ThecompanyisnamedafterNicolaiTesla,theSerbian-Americaninventorandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordesigningtheACelectricalsystem.(該公司以塞爾維亞裔美國發(fā)明家和物理學家NicolaiTesla的名字命名，他以設(shè)計交流電氣系統(tǒng)而聞名。)”可知，Musk以一位著名科學家的名字命名他的公司。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“MuskalsoreceivedcontractsfromNASA,thusmakinghistorybyprovingthattheconceptofcommercialspaceexplorationwasbothpossibleandaffordable.(Musk還獲得了美國宇航局的合同，從而創(chuàng)造了歷史，證明了商業(yè)太空探索的概念是可能的，也是負擔得起的。)”可知，在Musk的職業(yè)生涯中接受NASA的合同是歷史性的，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Bycreatingopportunitiestoexplorenewplanets,MuskbelievesthatintheeventofamajorcatastropheonEarth,therewouldbethepotentialforthehumanracetocontinueelsewhere.OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environment-friendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanever-growingglobalpopulation.(通過創(chuàng)造探索新行星的機會，Musk認為，如果地球上發(fā)生重大災(zāi)難，人類將有可能在其他地方繼續(xù)生存。在地球上，Musk的發(fā)明旨在尋找可再生、環(huán)保的解決方案，以應(yīng)對全球人口不斷增長的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，Musk創(chuàng)新的動機是擴大人類所能及的范圍，保護地球。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Hefoundedanonlinepaymentsitethateventuallywouldbecomeaglobalcompany.(他創(chuàng)立了一個在線支付網(wǎng)站，最終成為一家全球性公司。)”和第三段的“AnotheroneofMusk’sinnovationsistheelectriccar.(Musk的另一項創(chuàng)新是電動汽車。)”可知，Musk是有創(chuàng)造力的；根據(jù)最后一段的“OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environment-friendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanever-growingglobalpopulation.(在地球上，馬斯克的發(fā)明旨在尋找可再生、環(huán)保的解決方案，以應(yīng)對全球人口不斷增長的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，他保護地球，是負責任的，因此用creative(有創(chuàng)造力的)和responsible(負責的)來描述Musk。故選D。CThoughtheymaynotknowit,abouthalfabillionpeopledependontheecosystemscreatedandsustainedbycorals.Andwithclimatechangethreateningcoral’ssurvival,marinescientistEnricSalahadagoalthatmighthaveseemedimpossible.“Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting,pollutingandkillingthem,”Salasaid.ThegoalwasmadepossibleduringanexpeditionSalaledin2009.TheteamtraveledtoacorneroftheSouthPacificOcean,toseeifthealmostuntouchedreefsheldanycluestobringingdamagedreefsinotherpartsoftheoceanbacktohealth.“Thebottomwascoveredbythrivingcoral.Vividcolorssurroundedme－purples,reds,oranges,yellowsandgreens.Itwassobeautiful,”Salasaid.HisteampresentedtheirfindingstoofficialsintheislandcountryofKiribati.Thegovernmenttookstepstoprotectthewatersfromfishing.Butbetween2015and2016,recordlevelsofoceanwarmingdamagedhalfthecoralreefstheteamhadbeenstudying.Afterhearingthatnews,theylosthopeforthehealthofcoralreefs.Lastyear,theywentinforanotherdive.Despitethereportedconditions,thereefhadsomehowrestoreditself,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Salaandhisteamwereoverjoyed.ThisissomethingthatSalasayscanbeowedtotwokeyfactors.Thefirstis,thankfully,halfofthecoralshadnotdied.Despitetheriseintemperatures,therewereenoughsurvivingcoralsleftbehindtohelpreproducethereefs.ThesecondwastheKiribatigovernment’sdecisiontofullyprotectthosewaters.“Ithasanabundanceoffish.Sotheywereeatingallthealgae(藻類)thatwouldcoverthedeadcorals,andmakeitimpossibleforthecoralstocomeback,whichiswhathappensinotherplacesliketheCaribbean,”Salaexplained.8.WhatseeminglyimpossiblegoaldoesSalahave?A.Educatingthepublictoprotecttheecosystems.B.Callingonpeopletoactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.C.Goingtoolddayswhencoralswereinhealthycondition.D.LeadinganexpeditiontotheSouthPacificOcean.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph6referto?A.Thebadnews. B.Theseconddiving.C.Thereef’srestoration. D.Thecheerfulmood.10.WhatcanweinferaboutCaribbeanfromSala’swords?A.Thereisabundantfishinitsocean.B.Algaeliethickovercoralsthere.C.Globalwarmingdoeslittleharmtoitsmarinelife.D.Coralscomebacktolifethankstogovernment’sefforts.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Kiribati—ACountryofBiodiversity B.AScientist’sLoveforDivingC.TheCoralReefRestoredItself D.OceanWarmingBotheredGovernment【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹了隨著氣候變化威脅到珊瑚的生存，海洋科學家Sala有了一個看似不可能的目標，他想和自己的團隊回到過去看到原本的珊瑚礁的樣子。去年潛水時，他們很開心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢復(fù)?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting,pollutingandkillingthem,”Salasaid.(Sala說:“我們想進入時光機，在我們開始開采、污染和殺死珊瑚礁之前，我們真的看到了一個珊瑚礁，就像它們曾經(jīng)無處不在一樣?！?”可知，Sala似乎不可能實現(xiàn)的目標是回到過去，去看看曾經(jīng)未破壞的珊瑚礁，所以C選項符合題意。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第六段“Despitethereportedconditions,thereefhadsomehowrestoreditself,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Salaandhisteamwereoverjoyed.(盡管有報道的情況，珊瑚礁不知怎么地自己恢復(fù)了，再次充滿了生命和色彩。Sala和他的團隊欣喜若狂)”可知，代詞This指代前文所描述的珊瑚礁恢復(fù)的好消息。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ithasanabundanceoffish.Sotheywereeatingallthealgae(藻類)thatwouldcoverthedeadcorals,andmakeitimpossibleforthecoralstocomeback,whichiswhathappensinotherplacesliketheCaribbean,”Salaexplained.(Sala解釋道：“那里有豐富的魚。所以它們吃了所有的藻類，這些藻類會覆蓋死珊瑚，使珊瑚不可能回來，這就是加勒比海等其他地方發(fā)生的事情?！?可推知，加勒比海域里也有豐富的魚，它們吃掉了覆蓋在珊瑚上的藻類，從而使得珊瑚恢復(fù)。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了隨著氣候變化威脅到珊瑚生存，海洋科學家Sala有了一個看似不可能的目標，他想和自己的團隊回到過去看到原本的珊瑚礁的樣子。去年潛水時，他們很開心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢復(fù)。所以C選項“TheCoralReefRestoredItself（珊瑚礁自己恢復(fù)）”符合本篇文章的標題。故答案為C。D“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally?Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,theywillreach“perfection”,orbecomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008bestsellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.Gladwell’sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”,whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbecominganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey－enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.12.HowdidGladwellsupporthisidea?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Byusingexamples.C.Byinterviewingfamouspeople. D.Bymentioningotherresearchers.13.WhichofthefollowingmayEricssondisagreewith?A.Practicealoneisfarfromenough.B.10,000hoursofpracticeleadstosuccess.C.Practicehoursvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Deliberatepracticeismuchmoreeffective.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theroleofpractice. B.Factorsincreatingexperts.C.Theimportanceofnaturaltalent. D.Warningsforexperts.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheidea“Practicemakesperfect”?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.【答案】12B13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章論證了練習可能無法至完美，但刻意練習已經(jīng)被證明能帶來明顯的提高。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.”（他提到了披頭士樂隊和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨。雖然他們似乎都很有天賦，但在成功之前，他們顯然也投入了超過1萬個小時的練習。）故可推知，格拉德威爾是通過樂隊和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人為例子來支持他的1萬小時理論。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”,whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.”（首先，愛立信表示，1萬小時是一個平均數(shù)字。有些人需要的時間遠遠少于1萬個小時，有些人則更多。更重要的是，愛立信說，只是大量練習是不夠的；實踐的類型和質(zhì)量也很重要。他接著解釋了“刻意練習”的重要性，刻意練習是指一個人深入練習一項技能的特定部分，而不是把一項技能作為一個整體來練習。）可知，愛立信可能不同意一萬個小時的練習通向成功這個觀點。故選B項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbecominganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.”（普林斯頓大學最近的一項研究表明，實踐只占到人才水平的26%。很多人說，天賦對成為人才有很大的影響。另一個自然因素是身體優(yōu)勢，這在體育運動中尤其明顯。智商、性格、態(tài)度和起步年齡也是決定性因素。但成為人才并不等于一蹴而就，成功還取決于社會和環(huán)境因素。）可知，這段主要講的是成為人才的一些因素。故選B項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey－enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.”（總而言之，熟不能生巧，但刻意的練習已被證明能帶來顯著的進步。根據(jù)愛立信的研究，以下是一些有效練習的建議：積極主動；制定具體而現(xiàn)實的目標；在舒適區(qū)之外工作；始終如一，堅持不懈；好好休息！對于那些想成為某方面專家的人來說，要記住，動力是關(guān)鍵——享受你所做的事情，追隨你的激情。）故可推知，作者對“熟能生巧”這一觀點持客觀的態(tài)度。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouhavenevergrownyourowntransplantsforyourgarden,perhapsthisistheyeartotry.____16____Ingardening,transplantistheprocessofplantingseedsinsideandthenmovingthenewgrowthoutside.Ifyouarenewtothistypeofgardening,donotworry.AgardenexpertLeeReichrecentlysharedthisadvice.____17____Flowerssuchaszinnia,calendula,andcosmosaresomeoftheeasiest.Goodchoicesforvegetablesarelettuce,kale,cabbage,andtheever-populartomato.Togetstarted,youneedacontainerandsoil.Thecontainershouldbebetween5to10centimetersdeep.What’smostimportantisthatthecontainershouldhaveholesinthebottomsothatsomewatercandrainout(排出).Gardensoil,saysRiech,willnotwork.Itdoesnotdrainquicklyenoughinacontainer.____18____Pottingsoilhasadditionalmaterialsuchasperlite,vermiculite,orsandtoimprovedrainage.Fillthecontainerswiththepottingsoilandpushitdown.Thenplantseeds.Covertheseedwiththepottingsoilandpressgentlyagain.Placethecontainersinapanwhichholdswaterthatreacheshalfwayupthecontainerswiththeseeds.Afterafewhours,removethemfromthewater.Mostseedsdonotneedlighttogerminate(發(fā)芽).____19____Nowfortheexcitingpart－waitingtoseelittle,greensprouts(芽)!Removeallbutthestrongestsproutfromeachcontainer.Yourgoalnowistogrowstrongtransplantsthatcansurviveamovetotheoutsidegarden.Infourtosixweeks,mosttransplantsshouldbetwotothreetimestheheightoftheircontainers.____20____Nowtheyarereadytogointothegarden!A.First,whatisa“transplant”?B.Haveyouevergrownyourowntransplants?C.So,youcanplacethemanywhereinyourhome.D.Expertssuggestusingaspecialmixcalledpottingsoil.E.Hesuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasytogrowfromseed.F.However,Reichwarnsthatsomevegetablesshouldnotbegrownastransplants.G.Getthemusedtotheirfutureenvironmentwithaweekofbeingoutsideinthecontainers.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何在花園里移植植物?！?6題詳解】空后說“Ingardening,transplantistheprocessofplantingseedsinsideandthenmovingthenewgrowthoutside.(在園藝中，移植是在室內(nèi)播種，然后將新生長的植物移到室外的過程。)”，因此空格處應(yīng)該要問“什么是移植”，A選項“First,whatisa“transplant”?(首先，什么是“移植”？)”提出了什么是移植這個問題，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】空前說“AgardenexpertLeeReichrecentlysharedthisadvice.(園藝專家LeeReich最近分享了這個建議)”，空格處應(yīng)該詳細說明他的建議是什么，E選項“Hesuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasytogrowfromseed.(他建議從容易從種子長成的花或蔬菜開始)”是他的建議，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】空前說“Gardensoil,saysRiech,willnotwork.Itdoesnotdrainquicklyenoughinacontainer.(Riech說，花園的土壤不起作用。它在容器里的濾干速度不夠快)”，空后說“Pottingsoilhasadditionalmaterialsuchasperlite,vermiculite,orsandtoimprovedrainage.(盆栽土壤有額外的材料，如珍珠巖，蛭石，或沙子，以改善排水)”，因此空格處應(yīng)該說要用盆栽土壤，D選項“Expertssuggestusingaspecialmixcalledpottingsoil.(專家建議使用一種叫做盆栽土的特殊混合物)”說明了要用盆栽土，其中的“pottingsoil”和下文的“Pottingsoil”一致，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】空前說“Mostseedsdonotneedlighttogerminate(發(fā)芽).(大多數(shù)種子不需要光照就能發(fā)芽)”，說明這些種子不挑地方，C選項“So,youcanplacethemanywhereinyourhome.(所以，你可以把它們放在家里的任何地方)”說明了可以把這些種子放在任何地方，其中的them指代空前的seeds，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選C?！?0題詳解】空前說“Infourtosixweeks,mosttransplantsshouldbetwotothreetimestheheightoftheircontainers.(在四到六周內(nèi)，大多數(shù)移植物應(yīng)該是容器高度的兩到三倍)”，空后說“Nowtheyarereadytogointothegarden!(現(xiàn)在它們準備好進入花園了！)”，空格處應(yīng)該要說把它們移入花園前的最后一步，G選項“Getthemusedtotheirfutureenvironmentwithaweekofbeingoutsideinthecontainers.(讓它們在容器里待上一周，適應(yīng)未來的環(huán)境)”是移入花園的最后一步，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選G。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Atree-plantinginitiativeledbyyoungpeopleinKenyahasseenover30,000treeseedlings(小苗)beingplanted.TheGreenGenerationInitiativeisacharitythathasbeenplantingtreesand____21____deforestation(毀林)andclimatechangesince2016.FoundedbyclimateactivistElizabethwhenshewastwenty-oneyearsold,theinitiative’sprimary____22____isontrainingyoungclimateactiviststhrough____23____educationinschoolsandaddressing____24____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees.Sinceitsfoundation,thousandsofschoolchildrenhavenotjustplantedtreesbutlearnedthe____25____ofactingasaguardianoverthe____26____oftheenvironment.Thetreeshaverecordeda____27____rateofover98percent,____28____theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity.SpeakingtoworldleadersattherecentUnitedNationsClimateConferenceinGlasgow,Elizabethissueda____29____onthethreatofclimatechange:“OvertwomillionofKenyansare____30____climaterelatedstarvation.In2025,halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbefacingwater____31____.”Sheadded,“____32____bythegreatenvironmentalistWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethat____33____foodsecurityforyoungKenyans.Sofar,wehavegrown30,000fruittreestomaturity,providingdesperatelyneeded____34____forthousandsofchildren.Itisour____35____toensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater.”21.A.resisting B.protecting C.increasing D.keeping22.A.need B.result C.effect D.focus23.A.advanced B.environmental C.moral D.strict24.A.personal B.food C.property D.public25.A.importance B.method C.difficulty D.culture26.A.problems B.beauty C.health D.issue27.A.decline B.planting C.survival D.success28.A.when B.but C.or D.as29.A.warning B.letter C.suggestion D.hope30.A.afraidof B.fightingfor C.sufferingfrom D.leadingto31A.shortage B.waste C.pollution D.damage32.A.Forced B.Noticed C.Inspired D.Discouraged33.A.encourages B.enhances C.monitors D.controls34.A.profit B.shelter C.nutrition D.solution35.A.worry B.responsibility C.right D.luck【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.B25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.C31.A32.C33.B34.C35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是GreenGenerationInitiative的創(chuàng)立的背景和重大意義。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：GreenGenerationInitiative是一個慈善機構(gòu)，自2016年以來一直在植樹，抵制森林砍伐和氣候變化。A.resisting抵制；B.protecting保護；C.increasing增加；D.keeping保持。根據(jù)食物“plantingtrees”和下文“deforestation”可知，這個機構(gòu)種樹是抵制森林砍伐。故選A。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候活動家伊麗莎白在21歲時創(chuàng)立了該計劃，主要重點是通過在學校進行環(huán)境教育來培訓年輕的氣候活動家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。A.need需要；B.result結(jié)果；C.effect效果；D.focus重點。根據(jù)下文“ontrainingyoungclimateactiviststhrough____3____educationinschoolsandaddressing____4____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees”可知，這個計劃的主要重點是通過在學校進行環(huán)境教育來培訓年輕的氣候活動家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候活動家伊麗莎白在21歲時創(chuàng)立了該計劃，主要重點是通過在學校進行環(huán)境教育來培訓年輕的氣候活動家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。A.advanced先進的；B.environmental環(huán)境的；C.moral有關(guān)道德的；D.strict嚴格的。根據(jù)下文“Sinceitsfoundation,thousandsofschoolchildrenhavenotjustplantedtreesbutlearnedthe____5____ofactingasaguardian”可知，該計劃在學校對孩子進行環(huán)境教育，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候活動家伊麗莎白在21歲時創(chuàng)立了該計劃，主要重點是通過在學校進行環(huán)境教育來培訓年輕的氣候活動家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。A.personal個人的；B.food食物；C.property財產(chǎn)；D.public公開的。根據(jù)下文“Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethat____13____foodsecurityforyoungKenyans”可知，此處表示“通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題”。故選B。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自成立以來，成千上萬的學生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護者的重要性。A.importance重要性；B.method方法；C.difficulty困難；D.culture文化。根據(jù)下文“actingasaguardianoverthe____6____oftheenvironment”可知，成千上萬的學生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護者的重要性。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自成立以來，成千上萬的學生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護者的重要性。A.problems問題；B.beauty美麗；C.health健康；D.issue問題。根據(jù)上文“plantingtreesand____1____deforestation(毀林)andclimatechange”可知，成千上萬的學生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護者的重要性。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些樹的存活率超過98%，因為它們從幼苗到成熟都得到了很好的照顧。A.decline下降；B.planting種植；C.survival存活；D.success成功。根據(jù)下文“theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity”可知，樹的存活率超過98%。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這些樹的存活率超過98%，因為它們從幼苗到成熟都得到了很好的照顧。A.when當……的時候；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.as因為。根據(jù)下文“theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity”可知，這些樹的存活率超過98%，因為它們從幼苗到成熟都得到了很好的照顧。故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近在Glasgow舉行的聯(lián)合國氣候大會上，伊麗莎白對世界各國領(lǐng)導人發(fā)出了氣候變化威脅的警告。A.warning警告；B.letter信；C.suggestion建議；D.hope希望。根據(jù)下文“thethreatofclimatechange”可知，伊麗莎白對世界各國領(lǐng)導人發(fā)出了氣候變化威脅的警告。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：超過200萬肯尼亞人正遭受與氣候有關(guān)的饑餓。A.afraidof害怕；B.fightingfor為……而戰(zhàn)；C.sufferingfrom遭受；D.leadingto導致。根據(jù)下文“climaterelatedstarvation”可知，超過200萬肯尼亞人正遭受與氣候有關(guān)的饑餓。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到2025年，世界上一半的人口將面臨水資源短缺。A.shortage短缺；B.waste浪費；C.pollution污染；D.damage破壞。根據(jù)上文“thethreatofclimatechange”可知，到2025年，世界上一半的人口將面臨水資源短缺。故選A。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：受偉大的環(huán)保主義者WangariMaathai的啟發(fā)，我發(fā)起了一個植樹計劃，以加強肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全。A.Forced強迫；B.Noticed注意到；C.Inspired啟發(fā)；D.Discouraged使泄氣。根據(jù)下文“bythegreatenvironmentalistWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiative”可知，此處表示“受偉大的環(huán)保主義者WangariMaathai的啟發(fā)，我發(fā)起了一個植樹計劃”。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：受偉大的環(huán)保主義者WangariMaathai的啟發(fā)，我發(fā)起了一個植樹計劃，以加強肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全。A.encourages鼓勵；B.enhances增強；C.monitors監(jiān)視；D.controls控制。根據(jù)上文“addressing____4____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees”可知，句子表示“我發(fā)起了一個植樹計劃，以加強肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全”。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)種植了3萬棵果樹，為成千上萬的孩子提供了急需的營養(yǎng)。A.profit利潤；B.shelter庇護處；C.nutrition營養(yǎng)；D.solution解決辦法。根據(jù)下文“ensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater”可知，句子表示“我們已經(jīng)種植了3萬棵果樹，為成千上萬的孩子提供了急需的營養(yǎng)”。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們有責任確保孩子們有食物和水。A.worry擔心；B.responsibility責任；C.right權(quán)利；D.luck運氣。根據(jù)下文“ensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater”可知，確保孩子們有食物和水是我們的責任。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The2022MediaCooperationForum(論壇)onBeltandRoadwas____36____(grand)heldonTuesdayinXi’an,capitalofNorthwestChina’sShaanxiProvince.In2013,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingproposedtheBeltandRoadInitiative.Overthenext9years,theinitiativehastransformedfromvisionto____37____(real)andbecometheworld’s____38____(large)internationalcooperationplatform.ThePeople’sDaily,theShaanxiprovincialPartycommitteeandtheShaanxiprovincialgovernment____39____(host)theforumwiththetheme“EmbraceGlobalDevelopmentInitiativeandDeeperConnectivity”.Morethan120Chineseandforeignmediarepresentativesfrommorethan40countriesandorganizationsparticipated____40____theforumlive,onvideoandthroughwrittenspeeches.Alsoattendingtheforumwerecentr