2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題及答案

2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題及答案考生須知：本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)。滿分為150分，考試時間為120分鐘。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．HeisnotinterestedinthecityofWashington.B．HeprefersLosAngelestoWashington.C．Heusedtohesitatewheretogo.2．Whatistheman’sreactiontothenews?A．Heisangry.B．Heissurprised.C．Hedoesn’tcare.3．Howmightthewomanfeel?A．Uneasy.B．Disappointed.C．Unconcerned.4．Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheparty?A．Hedoesn’tlikethepartB．Hehatestopreparefortheparty.C．Itisworthwhiletopreparefortheparty.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．Howcustomerscouldbebestserved.B．Whatkindofstorescanofferlowerprices.C．Whetheronlinestoreswillreplacehigh-streetstores.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你都有時間回答有關(guān)小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答6-7題。6．Whattimewastheplaneoriginallyscheduledtoleave?A．At3:00.B．At4:00.C．At5:00.7．Whyisthewomanworried?A．Theweatherisbad.B．Thereportisn’tfinished.C．Anappointmentwillbepostponed.聽下面一段對話，回答8-10題。8．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．Theman’sfavoritefood.B．PopularfoodinBelgium.C．Belgianeatinghabits.9．Howlongdidtheman’sChristmasdinnertakelastyear?A．About6hours.B．About5hours.C．About3hours.10．Whatmaypeopletheredoafterabigdinner?A．Theyeatasmuchasusual.B．Theytakeexercisetokeepfit.C．Theyeatlessinthefollowingdays.聽下面一段對話，回答11-13小題。11．Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheresultofthecompetition?A．Excited.B．Delighted.C．Disappointed.12．Whowasthewinner?A．Amber.B．Mary.C．Linda.13．What’stheman’sopinionaboutthejudges?A．Theywerenotfair.B．Theymadeaharddecision.C．Theydidnotlistencarefully.聽下面一段獨白，回答14-17題。14．Whatmadethemandecidetostudymedicinefinally?A．Hisownexperience.B．Histeachers’advice.C．Hisparents’influence.15．Whatdidthemandowhenhesawawomanontheground?A．Tookhertothehospital.B．Walkedbacktohisdormitory.C．Gavehermouth-to-mouthbreathing.16．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inauniversity.B．Inatelevisionstudio.C．Inanemergencyroom.17．WhatisDr.Josephgoingtotalkabout?A．Firstaidmethods.B．Somehappiermoments.C．Hisworkinthehospital.聽下面一段獨白，回答18-20題。18．WhatdoesASO-Smainlydo?A．Dosolarobservation.B．Makeweatherforecasting.C．StudytheEarth’satmosphere.19．HowlongwillASO-Sstayinorbitatleast?A．Fouryears.B．Fortyhours.C．Seventyyears.20．WhyisASO-Ssomeaningful?A．Itcanblockthesun’sradiation.B．ItmayfillChina’sgapinthefield.C．Itisthefirstsolarsatelliteglobally.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThisdocumentsetsoutthedisplaystandardsforGlasgowMuseums.Thisguidewillhelpexhibitionplannersprovideaccesstoexhibitionsinourmuseums.GlasgowMuseums’aimistoimproveaccesstocollectionsbyhavingasmanyitemsaspossibleondisplayandwithoutphysicalbarriers.Wealsotryoutbesttoprotecttheseobjectswithoutlimitingaccesstothem.ObjectPlacement?Don’tplaceobjectsinsuchawaythattheycouldpresentadangertovisitors.?Allobjectdisplays,casedorotherwise,mustbeviewablebyall,includingpeoplewhoaresmallinfigureorinwheelchairs.OpenDisplay?Allobjectsonopendisplaymustbesecurefromtheftanddamage.?Allobjectsidentifiedforpotentialopendisplaymustbeviewedandagreedonanobject-to-objectbasisbytheSecurityManagerofthemuseum.RecommendationsDistanceRecommendeddistancetoplaceobjectsoutof“casualarm’s700mmlength”(takenfromtheedgeoftheobjecttotheedgeofanyproposedformofbarrier)700mm*Insomecases,600mmmaybeacceptable,providedtheplinthheightisabove350mm.CasedObjects?Allcaseddisplaysshouldfallwithinthegeneraloptimum(最優(yōu)的)viewingbandof750-2000mm.Ensureeverythingisvisuallyaccessiblefromawheelchair.?Positionsmallobjectsorthosewithfinedetailinthefrontpartofacase,withlargeritemsbehind.?Positionsmallitemsorthosewithfinedetailnohigherthan1015mmfromfloorlevel.Objectsplacedabovethisheightareonlyseenfrombelowbypeopleinwheelchairsorpeoplewhoaresmallinfigure.1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthatGlasgowMuseums________.A.limitaccesstoexhibitionsonadailybasis B.aremostwell-knownforitslargecollectionC.makegenerousdonationstothedisabled D.giveweighttotheexperiencesofvisitors2.Accordingtotheguide,objectstobeplacedonopendisplaymust________.A.beequippedwithanti-theftsystem B.beviewedfromadistanceof700mmC.receiveapprovalfromthemuseumfirst D.fallwithinarms’reachofastandingman3.Amotherandher10-year-oldsonarelikelytobothfeelcomfortableinfrontofadiamondplacedinaglasscaseattheheightof________.A.1250mm B.950mm C.650mm D.450mm【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了格拉斯哥博物館對參展物品所規(guī)定的展示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和要求?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“GlasgowMuseums’aimistoimproveaccesstocollectionsbyhavingasmanyitemsaspossibleondisplayandwithoutphysicalbarriers.”（格拉斯哥博物館的目標(biāo)是通過展示盡可能多的物品，并且沒有物理障礙，來改善人們對藏品的訪問）可知從這段話中，我們可以了解到格拉斯哥博物館重視游客的體驗。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分“Allobjectsidentifiedforpotentialopendisplaymustbeviewedandagreedonanobject-to-objectbasisbytheSecurityManagerofthemuseum.”（所有被確定為可能開放展示的物品必須由博物館的安全經(jīng)理逐個查看并同意），可知根據(jù)該指南，公開展示的物品必須首先獲得博物館的批準(zhǔn)。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一部分“Allcaseddisplaysshouldfallwithinthegeneraloptimum(最優(yōu)的)viewingbandof750-2000mm.Ensureeverythingisvisuallyaccessiblefromawheelchair.”（所有帶外殼的顯示器應(yīng)在750-2000mm的一般最佳觀看范圍內(nèi)。確保所有東西都可以從輪椅上看到。）以及“Positionsmallitemsorthosewithfinedetailnohigherthan1015mmfromfloorlevel.”（擺放小物件或有細節(jié)的物件，距離地面不超過1015mm）可知一位母親和她10歲的兒子在放在950毫米高的玻璃盒子里的鉆石面前都會感到很舒服。故選B項。BItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis—____4____.Granddad’splotwasnothingoutoftheordinarywhenitcametofeatures.Hehadnothingasgrandasagreenhouse,unlikesomeofhisneighbors.Notthattheyhadproper“bought”greenhouses.Patchesofplasticwouldbetackedinplacewhereacarelesslywieldedspadehadsmashedapaneofglass.Athome,hisson,myfather,couldbequietandwithdrawn.Iwouldn’twanttomakehimsoundhumorless.Hewasn’t.Sillythingswouldamusehim.Hehadphrasesthathelikedtouse,“It’simmaterialtome”beingoneofthem.“Idon’tmind”wouldhavedonejustaswellbuthelikedtheword“immaterial.”Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameapprenticedtoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.Wherehecameintohisownwasaroundthehouse.Hehadan“eyeforthejob.”Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld,anidealworlddefinedbymyself.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinsandalsthatwerelastyear’smodel,withthefrontscutouttoaccommodatetoesthatwerenowrighttotheend.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulsandalsandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIventuredout,tentatively,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotavacancyforanapprenticegardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”InonebriefmomentDadhadgoneagainsthisbetterjudgment.HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mdeceivingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintheblankinthefirstparagraph?A.anythingbutprosperous. B.aplaceofescape,peaceandsolitude.C.anythingbutdynamic. D.aplaceofluxury,chaosandfantasy.5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetohisfatherinthesecondparagraph?A.Hewasregretfulthathisfatherhadbeendiscriminatedforbeingstubborn.B.Hewasirritatedthathisfatherusedvaguewordstoexpresshimself.C.Hewassympathetictothereasonswhyhisfatherbehavedashedid.D.Hewasself-contradictorythathisfatherformedacoldbondwithhim.6.Whatcanyouinferfromthewholepassage?A.Irejectedtobesophisticatedasmyfatherbutactuallylackedcouragetoremoveconventionallabels.B.IwasagiftedandendowedfishermanwithincrediblesympathyandempathyforthefishIhadcaught.C.Thefatherdroppedoutofschoolreluctantlyandimposedhisdreamtobeacarpenteronhisson.D.MycarefreechildhoodexperiencesembodiedmynatureofpursuingforthekindoffreedomIwanted.7.Whatisthemessagethewriterwanttoconvey?A.Livingwithoutamotiveisequaltosailingwithoutacompass.B.Despiteother’smockeries,fragrantflowersareontheupway.C.Passion,ifnotdeserted,equipsyouwithchancestobepaidoffeventually.D.Reflectionandinteractionserveastentativetreatmentsforbridgingthegap.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述作者從小就喜歡園藝，但是他的父親卻想讓他成為一名木匠。后來，作者的父親被兒子對園藝的熱情打動，從而同意了作者的想法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis(當(dāng)我小的時候，我從來沒有想過花園是一個不那么迷人的地方。爺爺?shù)幕▓@在河岸上，向水緩緩傾斜。你無法到達河邊，但你可以聽到水的聲音和鳥兒在樹上唱歌的聲音。我想象所有的花園都是這樣的)”可知，上文是作者對爺爺?shù)幕▓@的看法——安靜、迷人，讓他逃離了外面的喧囂和煩惱，一個人享受那里的靜謐。接下來的破折號就是在總結(jié)在作者心中的花園的樣子：一個逃避、和平又孤獨的地方，和選項B意思一致。故選B。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameapprenticedtoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.(我意識到，在內(nèi)心深處，他可能對自己的生活沒有得到更多的回報感到失望。他沒有獲得學(xué)歷就離開了學(xué)校，成為了一名水管工的學(xué)徒。水暖不是他熱衷的事情。他僅僅是在做著他所做的事情。)”可知，作者對父親并不是真正的喜歡所做的事情而表示同情。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis(當(dāng)我小的時候，我從來沒有想過花園是一個不那么迷人的地方。爺爺?shù)幕▓@在河岸上，向水緩緩傾斜。你無法到達河邊，但你可以聽到水的聲音和鳥兒在樹上唱歌的聲音。我想象所有的花園都是這樣的)”和第三段“Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld,anidealworlddefinedbymyself.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinsandalsthatwerelastyear’smodel,withthefrontscutouttoaccommodatetoesthatwerenowrighttotheend.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulsandalsandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIventuredout,tentatively,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.(在這三種選擇中，荒野、樹林或河流——河流通常是我投票的選擇。在一段河上，我被允許帶著想象消失在另一個世界，一個由我自己定義的理想世界。肩上掛著漁網(wǎng)，我就可以穿著去年的款式?jīng)鲂霭l(fā)了，鞋子的前襟被剪開，以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的腳趾。我會沿著河岸走，尋找一個合適的地方，在那里我可以脫掉痛苦的涼鞋，把它們留在野餐（用具）中，而我則冒險走出去，試探性地從水中尋找任何我可以用網(wǎng)撈起來帶回家的魚。)”可知，作者無憂無慮的童年經(jīng)歷體現(xiàn)了他追求自由的天性。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotavacancyforanapprenticegardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”InonebriefmomentDadhadgoneagainsthisbetterjudgment.HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mdeceivingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.(我想盡快離開學(xué)校，但這似乎不太可能，直到有一天，我父親宣布：“他們有一個公園部學(xué)徒園丁的空缺。我想你可能會感興趣。”在一個短暫的時間里，父親違背了他更好的判斷。如果我成為一名木匠，他可能還是更喜歡它。但我喜歡感覺他內(nèi)心深處有一種感覺，事情可能會變得最好。也許我在自欺欺人，但我更愿意相信，在他心里，盡管他自己討厭園藝，但他看著我做園藝已經(jīng)足夠長時間了，并注意到我對所有生長、開花和結(jié)果實的事物的永恒熱情。)”可知，作者想表達的意思是：因為他一直沒有放棄對園藝的熱情，所以他的夢想最終被父親接受。故選C。CPublicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveolddisorders,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyunmanageableconditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandofscientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”,andthattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingitwecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding.Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemascorruptible.Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer,andanuclearengineerismostlikelytobeemployedbythenuclearindustry.Ifanuclearengineerdeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.8.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?A.Thedeclineofpublicexpenditure. B.Quickeconomicreturns.C.Thebudgetforaresearchproject. D.Supportfromthevoters.9.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?A.Theyrealizetheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.B.Theyknowittakesincrediblepatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.C.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.D.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionssecretstothemselves.10.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause________.A.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyB.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingC.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedD.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobeshort-sightedandabsurd11.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?AScientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.B.Itmaywearouttheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.C.Itmakesthingsmoretrivialforscientiststoseekresearchfunds.D.Peoplewillnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。公眾對科學(xué)家的不信任在一定程度上源于科學(xué)與技術(shù)、發(fā)現(xiàn)與制造之間界限的模糊。大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，從科學(xué)事業(yè)過去和將來所帶來的經(jīng)濟利益的角度來為料學(xué)研究的公共并支辯護?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.(大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，都以科學(xué)事業(yè)在過去和將來所帶來的經(jīng)濟效益來證明在科學(xué)研究上的公共支出是合理的)”可知，說到科學(xué)研究，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的是快速的經(jīng)濟回報。故選B項【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.(許多人有保留意見，但在他們看來，在一種不利于追求理解本身和探究、創(chuàng)造精神的氣氛中，他們把這些意見保留了下來)”可知，科學(xué)家們不抱怨政府的科研政策是因為他們意識到他們在一個不利于自由追求知識的環(huán)境中工作。故選A項。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding.(即使教授沒有在任何公司擔(dān)任顧問，一些人可能仍然不信任他，因為他與那些做顧問的人有聯(lián)系，或者至少想知道他的一些研究資金的來源)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點，人們懷疑科字家的專業(yè)判斷，因為他們可能會受到與他們有相關(guān)項目的聯(lián)系的影響。故選C項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.(這使得人們更容易忽視所有的科學(xué)聲明，尤其是那些以“專家”自居的科學(xué)家所發(fā)表的聲明)”可知，作者說公眾對科學(xué)家的不信任會產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響是因為即使科學(xué)家說的是事實，人們也不會相信。故選D項。DThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientprotectionforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequentlyandparadoxicallylawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.12.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto________.A.disciplinedubiouscorporatepractices B.promotetraditionalhiringproceduresC.regulatetheprivilegesoftheemployers D.safeguardtherightsofordinaryworkers13.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay________.A.hinderbusinessdevelopment B.justifymanagers’authorityC.affectthepublicimageofthefirms D.worsenlabor-managementrelations14.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ERA’ssensibleapproachcorrespondswiththeinternationaltrendofdemocracy.B.Thesocietywillseeariseinwell-beingwiththeERA’sprocedurescarriedout.C.Non-proficientmanagerialcapabilitiesmakeemployeessufferfromsalarycuts.D.High-incomethresholdinAustraliaisrelativelybeneficialtobusinessowners.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepersonalgrievanceprovisionsissuedbyERA?A.Appreciative B.Skeptical C.Optimistic D.Contradictory【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。作者針對新西蘭《雇傭關(guān)系法》的個人申訴條款禁止雇主沒有正當(dāng)理由的情況下解雇員工的條款發(fā)表個人觀點，他認為這一條款有利于保護普通工人的利益，但是對企業(yè)和社會的發(fā)展也帶來一定的阻礙作用?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals.”（個人申訴程序旨在保護普通工人的工作不受“不正當(dāng)解雇”的影響。）可知，個人申訴程序的目的是保護普通工人的權(quán)益。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.”（但是當(dāng)這些規(guī)定適用于高新經(jīng)理和高管時，會給企業(yè)帶來困難。正如無數(shù)的董事會和企業(yè)主將證明的那樣，限制公司解雇表現(xiàn)不佳，收入高的經(jīng)理是提高生產(chǎn)率和整體業(yè)績的一種阻礙。）可知，由于雇傭關(guān)系法的保護企業(yè)很難辭退業(yè)績平庸的高管和經(jīng)理，這就給企業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來困難。故選A項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.”（在塔斯曼海對岸，澳大利亞應(yīng)對不正當(dāng)解雇謬論的方法，是將收入超過特定“高收入門檻”的雇員排除在其不公平解雇法的保護之外。）可知，澳大利亞的企業(yè)主不接受雇傭關(guān)系法對高收入雇員的保護，推斷出澳大利亞的高收入門檻對企業(yè)主相對有利。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.”（但是當(dāng)這些規(guī)定適用于高薪經(jīng)理和高管時，會給企業(yè)帶來困難。）和第七段“Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.”（社會也遭受了過度就業(yè)保護帶來的困難。）可推知，作者對于新西蘭《雇傭關(guān)系法》的個人申訴條款所能帶對于社會和企業(yè)的利益持有懷疑態(tài)度。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分;滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Overnight,eatingfriedchickeninthePeople’sSquareisOUT;instead,peoplestartedtodrinkHEEKCAAandeatBaoMaster.Thisyear,thequeuesinfrontofthedoorsof“Wanghongdelicacies”weresodensethatacupofteahasbeenhypedtoover80Yuanbyscalpers(黃牛)andlocalbloggersevencustomizedaone-daytourtoeatinShanghai.Toagreatextent,Wanghongphenomenondependsonmerchants’businessstrategy.____16____Businessalsoworksonpublicity.BeforeHEEKCAA’sarrivalinShanghai,ithasadvertisedthroughmicroblog,locallifeserviceandotherself-media,whichhasgeneratedacertainamountofheatamongthepublic.Oncepeoplemakethepurchase,the“senseofaccomplishment”willurgesomeofthemtoshowoffattheirWechatmoments,whichisgoodforbrandimage.Also,whenaproductisquicklyrecognizedbyconsumers,capitalswillcomeingreatnumbers.Theboostofcapitalsundoubtedlyhelpsthesubsequentpublicityofthebrand.____17____IntheInternetera,thespreadofinformationissofastthatitdoesn’tmatterwhethertheteatastesgoodorbad;it’sjustamatterofwhetheryoueverdrinkit.Thereisawordforthisbehavior—“fomo”,whichmeansfearofmissingout.OxfordUniversityprofessorsaidthisisnotnew.Associalanimals,humanshaveastrongdesiretobepartofagroup,tobeaccepted,recognized,valuedandremembered.Alittlebabycriesforahugandachildmakessmalltroubletogetnoticed.____18____It’sjustthatsocialmediatodaythatmakeiteasierforpeopletoperceiveotherpeople’slives,andhaveasenseoflossnottojointhemwhentheyknowwhatothersaredoing.10-20Yuanistheexchangevalueofmilktea,butit’sthesymbolvalueofthegoodsthatencouragespeopleto“pullthegrass”.Justlikethelipstick,mailboxandgraffitiwallthathavebeenonthelistofWanghong,peoplewanttouserelativelycontrollablespendingtogainsatisfactionfromamoments’thumbup.____19____Withthedevelopmentofsociety,consumersarenotjustbuyingaproductbutitsbrandcultureandqualityoflife,sotheappearanceoflightconsumingisinevitable.However,“Wanghongeconomy”isalwaysshort-livedbecausethisconsumergroupischangeableinaffection.Consumerswhocomeby“physicalattractiveness”willquicklyvanishifthereisnoimplicitvalueorconnotationtosupport.____20____Besides,consumersshouldmakerationalconsumptioninsteadofjustfollowingthetrend.A.Still,thesecuisinesholdstrongappealtoyoungconsumersaslongastheyareofhighqualityandgoodtastes.B.Aftertheybuytheproductandsendapicturetothemoments,perhapstheir“existentialanxiety”willbecured.C.Merchants