2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第05講 語法填空(含單句填空和語篇填空)(知識講解+名校新題練)(學生版)

第05講語法填空(含單句填空和語篇填空)目錄新知導航：熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡基礎知識：知識點全面梳理，掌握必備重點記憶：關鍵點快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點剖析+過關檢測，合理應用語法填空題的測試重點在于考查同學們能否將高一階段所學的語言知識運用到實際的英語讀寫活動中去。語法填空試題基本上涉及了高一階段所學的各類語法項目，而且考點分布比較均衡。從設題方式來看，分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩類。已給單詞提示題型的技巧這種考查形式主要考查詞性轉換、名詞單復數(shù)變化、形容詞或副詞的比較級與最高級變化、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(含主謂一致)以及動詞的非謂語形式。同樣，我們先判斷設空處在句中的功能，再確定該用什么形式。(1)謂語動詞一般考查1-2個，考生需要根據(jù)句子結構判斷是否缺謂語動詞。一旦確定句子缺少謂語動詞，需要從3個方面考慮：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。確定時態(tài)要先觀察本句中有無時間狀語，不同的時間狀語對應不同的時態(tài)。沒有時間狀語的，根據(jù)上下文中的時態(tài)確定空格的時態(tài)，常考查的時態(tài)有一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時。確定好時態(tài)后要考慮語態(tài)，也就是謂語動詞與主語之間的關系，是主動還是被動。確定時態(tài)語態(tài)之后，還需考慮主謂一致的問題，即根據(jù)主語的單復數(shù)形式確定謂語動詞的形式。Atalk

(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應當用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來”作的，故用不定式；且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式——tobegiven。(2)非謂語動詞一般考查2個左右，這是語法填空中的一大難點。首先，要先觀察設空句的主句和從句中有沒有謂語動詞來判斷是否選用非謂語動詞；其次要根據(jù)句子成分(主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等)明確合適的非謂語動詞形式(不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞)?？傊?，可以把握一個總體方向，即V-ing形式往往表主動或動作進行，過去分詞一般表示被動或完成，不定式一般作目的狀語或后置定語。2、形容詞、副詞命題主要圍繞兩點：一是形容詞、副詞的比較級與最高級；二是構詞，如形容詞變副詞、動詞變形容詞、名詞變形容詞等詞性轉換和un,dis,in,im,ir,il等否定前綴。例：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”。3、名詞除動詞變名詞的詞性轉換外，名詞主要考查單復數(shù)和所有格的變化。Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the

(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應填復數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復合變化形式——復數(shù)的所有格children’s。4、代詞考查代詞時有時會給出提示詞，這種情況多考查人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)以及反身代詞。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

(he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應填反身代詞himself。5.數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復數(shù)形式，以及one／two的特殊變化形式

once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea

(three).從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個分馬的計劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標。6.詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness).在這道題中，學生很容易判斷出該用形容詞；錢包丟了，人應該是不開心的，所以要再加個前綴un，就成了unhappy。未給單詞提示題型的技巧這種形式主要考查同學們對語篇的理解、對邏輯關系的把握以及對固定搭配和常見句式的掌握程度?？疾榈膬热葜饕枪谠~、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動詞、連詞、連接代/副詞、關系詞和句式。因為沒有提示詞，所以同學們需要根據(jù)短文大意、上下文的邏輯關系和對一些長難句的結構分析來判斷設空處在句中的功能，從而界定其詞性，確定其意義，最后確定其內容。1：固定短語結構。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying______,dirtybuthappy.從句中的happy可以猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應用enj0yoneself短語，故其答案為themselves。2：短語動詞結構。短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates.根據(jù)常識可知，美國由50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由......組成”，所以答案是of。3：短語介詞結構。短語介詞即多個詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構成介詞短語insteadof。4：連詞、關聯(lián)短語結構。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關聯(lián)短語有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.橫線處的詞與后面可以構成both?and，故答案為Both。5：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆洌桓痹~的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習慣用法，答案為a，構成atahighspeed，“以高速”開車。如何確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)慧眼識別標志詞認清常考時態(tài)的標志性時間狀語(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等時間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,in2022,theotherday,twodaysago,，一段時間+later等時間狀語，要想到用一般過去時。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon等時間狀語，要想到用一般將來時。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等時間狀語,要想到用現(xiàn)在進行時。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelastpastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for+時間段，eversince..，等時間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等時間狀語，要想到用過去完成時。瞻前顧后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。通過“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解決時態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when+一般過去時(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句+and/or+陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.通過“語境暗示”法分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，而沒有標志性的時間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題,也是解決時態(tài)問題的一種行之有效的方法。如何確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)1.依據(jù)邏輯關系，辨析主動或被動(1)分析句子結構,發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關系，應考慮用主動語態(tài)；若是被動關系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為:be+過去分詞，不同形式的被動語態(tài)的結構見下面的【注意】。(3)運用上面的技法來判斷是什么時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),再根據(jù)主謂一致判斷be動詞的形式。2.牢記主動表被動含義的句式結構(1)當feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時；(2)當cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物動詞表示主語內在“品質”或“性能”時；(3)當breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等動詞短語表示“發(fā)生，關閉，制定”等意思時。考點一、單句語法填空1.(2023上·山東濟寧·高一?？茧A段練習)Therearesomeobviouspractical(apply)oftheresearch.2.If(admit)totheclub,you’llbeinformed.3.(2023上·江西南昌·高一南昌二中校考階段練習)When(compare)withmyeldersister,Ilookmuchslimmer.4.(chemistry)weaponsarebannedinternationally.5.(2023上·福建南平·高一?？计谥?Infact,thesecamerasareused(track)thedogs’eyemovements.6.Youcanbeexposedtoa(various)ofculturesWhentravellinginChina.7.Whatmademeupsetwasthatmycarbrokehalfway.8.(2023上·陜西西安·高一西安市第六十四中學校考階段練習)Atthefestival,besidestheknowledgeofsilkhistory,

(variety)delicatesilkproductsareshown,andsomeelegantsilkdressesareamongthem.9.(2023上·陜西西安·高一西安市第六十四中學?？茧A段練習)Eventhough

(bury)inhiswork,hewouldn’tmisstheopportunitytochatwithhisson.10.Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffduetheheavyrain.11.(2023上·福建漳州·高二福建省華安縣第一中學校考階段練習)Children,when(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoentertheGreenExpoGardenforfree.12.TimgotemotionalduringhiseventinNewYorkCityTuesdaynightrecallinghisrecentconversationwithdad.?13.Thesizeandshapeofyournoseisdeterminedbytheclimateyoulive,accordingtoanewresearch.14.(2023上·廣東中山·高一中山市華僑中學?？茧A段練習)Anew(vary)ofriceisbeingdevelopednow.15.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenot.16.Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhen(press).17.(be)Iateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.18.Though(tire),theywentonworkinginordertofinishthetaskontime.19.Theworld’stropicalforestsare(appear)atanevenfasterratethanexpertshaveeverthought.20.Withtherapid(economy)development,Chinaplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleontheinternationalstage.考點二、語段語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Passage1(2023上·河南鄭州·高一鄭州外國語學校校聯(lián)考階段練習)PrinceLlewellyntheGreatwasrulerofWalesfor40yearsbutheisnowrememberedmoreforthestoryofGelert.Oneday,PrinceLlewellynwasouthuntingintheWelshcountryside.Backhome,hisnewbornson1(sleep)asGelert,his2(faith)dog,watchedoverhim.WhilethePrincewasridingthroughtheforest,heheardloudbarking3(come)fromthedirectionofthehouse.ThePrincehadaterriblefeelingandgallopedquicklyhome.WhenPrinceLlewellynwalkedthroughthedoor,Gelertjumpeduptogreethim4ahugesmileonhisface.ThePrincelookedatGelert,onlytofindblooddrippingfromitsmouthandfur.Llewellynranintohisson’sbedroom.Thecotwasempty.Inablazeofanger,hetookhisswordand5(swing)itatthedog.Afterhekilledthedog,hesawthebodyofadeadwolfandrealizedthatthere6(be)afightearlieron.Andthenheheardthecryingofababyfromunderthecot.Itwasnotuntilthen7thePrincerealizedGelert8(hide)thebabyandkilledthewolf.Llewellynwasheartbroken.Heorganizedagreatceremonytoburythedogthathadsavedhisson’slife.Hevisitedthegraveeverydayuntilhedied.Verytouching,isn’tit?9,somepeopledonotbelievethestorytobetrue,despitethe10(exist)ofGelert’sgravestoneinWales.Passage2(2023上·山東煙臺·高一萊陽一中校考階段練習)Morethan500yearsago,explorerssailedtotheAmericas.They1(bring)afewfour-leggedpassengersalongwiththem:pigs.Today,thereare2(near)sixmillionwildpigs,alsoknownasboars(野豬),3(run)freeintheUS.Boarscancausealotofdamagetocropsandsoccerfields.Theyeatbabybirdsandturtleeggs.Everyyear,theycause$1.5billionindamage.Peopledoalltheycouldtostopthem,4boarskeepgoingstrong.Texasishometohalfofthecountry’sboarpopulation.Some5(county)offerhunters$5foreveryboartailtheybringin.High-techmeansarealsoused6(battle)thewildpigs.Thelatestisasteel(鋼)cage7hangsofftheground—officialslayatrackoftastycornleadingto8cage.Specialcamerasrecordtheboarsapproaching.Officialswatchfromafar.Atjusttherightmoment,theofficialspressabuttononanapp.Thecagedropsandtrapsadozenboarsallatonce.Butboarsaresmart.They’velearnedwaystoavoidgetting9(catch).Theyknowthathumanshuntindaylight.Nowtheanimalssleepduringthedayandeatatnight,whenit’smuch10(safe).Untilwefindawaytooutsmartthem,boarswillkeeppiggingoutonfarmsandgardens.Passage3(2023上·江蘇·高一江蘇省蘇州實驗中學?？茧A段練習)ParentalInstinctsLastyearinearlysummer,IwaswalkingupthehilltomyhouseinsuburbanBrisbanewhenIsawtwobirds,eachabout6centimeterstall,standinginmydriveway.Theydidn’tseemtonoticeme1Iwasrightinfrontofthemandthentheyimmediatelyflewintothenearbybushes.ItwasthefirsttimethatI2(see)twospecialbirdsmakeanestinmyfrontyard.Ihadn’treallyexpectedthemtoaswildbirdsdon’tusuallynestsoclose.Afewweekslater,thebirdsreappeared.Ifoundthemcrouchingbesideatreeofftothesideofmydriveway.AsIapproachedthem,Iimaginedtheywouldrunawayliketheydidlasttime,butinstead,they3(stick)outtheirheadsandmadeathreateningcroakingsound4camefromdeepinsidetheirthroats.Ididsomeresearchandfoundthatthebirdsareburhinusgrallarius(長尾石雞).Istilldidn’tknow5theywerecroakingatmeuntilashorttimelaterImadeanamazingdiscovery:theyhadlaidtwoeggswhichhatchedintotwosmallbirdsracingaroundnow.AsIcrepttowardsthebirds,carefulnottomakeanysuddenmovement,theystartedtheircroakingagain,6(stretch)theirnecksforwardssotheyseemedlongerandmorethreatening.IwaswatchingtheminawewhenIsuddenlytrippedandfelltotheground.Thebirdstookthis7athreatandthefatherracedtowardsme,spreadinghiswingstoshieldthemotherandthechickswhilemaking8(it)appearlarger.Tothem,myappearancewaslikelytobe9(frighten),soIleftquickly.Iwasamazedbytheirbraveactions.Itwastheirparentalinstinctsthatdid10(wonder)andmadethemsocourageous.Itishardnottobeawedbynature.Passage4(2023上·河北唐山·高一?？茧A段練習)PeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericaInthe1400sand1500s,Peruwasthecentreofthe1(power)ancientIncaEmpire.Spain2(control)Peruinthe16thcenturyandruleduntil1821.Itisforthisreason3SpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.InPeru,therearemanyplacesthatyoucanvisit.AshortflightfromCuscowilltakeyouintotheAmazonrainforest.Youcanspendthreedays4(explore)therainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsthatareunique5therainforest.Afour-daywalkingtourwilltakeyouonamazing6(path)throughtheAndesMountainson7waytothecityofMachPicchu.Afterarrivingatthedestination,youwillbegivenadaytovisitthecity.Theancientcitywillleaveyouadeepimpression.8(especial)amazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.Stones9(cut)byIncabuilderstoexactsizessothatnothingwasneeded10(hold)wallstogetherotherthantheperfectfitofthestones.Passage5(2023上·四川南充·高一閬中中學?？茧A段練習)Lightpollutionisaseriousproblem.ThisbecamecompletelyobviouswhentheWorldAtlasofArtificialNightSkyBrightness,acomputer-createdmapbasedonthousandsofsatellite(衛(wèi)星)photos,1(publish)in2016.Themapshowshowandwhere2(we)worldislitupatnight.LargeareasofNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsiaareglowing(發(fā)光)withlight,whileonlythemostremote(偏遠的)placesonEarthareintotaldarkness.Someofthemostlight-polluted3(country)intheworldareSingapore,Qatar,andKuwait.Skyglowisthebrighteningofthenightsky,mostlyovercities,because4theelectriclightsofcars,streetlamps,offices,factoriesandbuildings,turningnightintoday.People5liveincitieswithhighlevelsofskyglowhaveahardtime6(see)starsatnight.Scientistsare7(particular)worriedaboutskyglowpollutionasitinfluencestheirability8(view)space.Accordi