什么是發(fā)揮功能的設(shè)計

Thegood,thebad,andtheugly

Whatworksandwhatdoesn’t?

好、壞、丑

什么是發(fā)揮功能的設(shè)計，什么不是？Whatworks?

什么是發(fā)揮功能的設(shè)計？BioretentionSystem(afterrain)

生態(tài)草溝系統(tǒng)（雨后）TrinkausResidence–Southbury,CTBioretention生態(tài)滯留Facilityhandles2,800sq.ft.ofroadrunoff每個設(shè)施處理2800平方英尺的道路徑流Facilityis4’x9’x10”deep設(shè)施大小為4英尺x9英尺

x10英寸

深Neverovertoppedin2years兩年中從未發(fā)生溢流Locatedin“B”soils安置在“B”級土壤總Soilmediais50

%sand&50%leafcompost土壤介質(zhì)由50%沙土和50%落葉組成Pondedsurfacedrainsdowninlessthan4hoursafterrainfall積水在降雨后4小時排干Southbury,CT–TrinkausEngineeringScarificationofNativeSoils

移除原土HarwintonSportsComplex–TrinkausEngineeringScarificationandPlacementofReservoirLayer

用介質(zhì)儲水層代替原土HarwintonSportsComplex–TrinkausEngineeringInstallationofunderdrain/overflowpipe&gravel

埋設(shè)盲管/溢流管和礫石HarwintonSportsComplex–TrinkausEngineeringNewlyConstructedBioretention

新完工的生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)Source:SeanHayden(NCD)ForebayforBioretention

生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)的前池Source:SeanHayden(NCD)WorkingBioretention

正在發(fā)揮功能的生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)Source:SeanHayden(NCD)GoodBioretentionSystem

好的生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)CTDEPPhotoGrassStrip草地種植帶LedgebrookLane–Southbury,CT,S.TrinkausRoadhas2-3%slopefromlefttorightinpicture圖片中左邊的道路具有2-3%的坡度Topsoilforstripset2”belowelevationatedgeofpavement種植帶覆土標高比鋪面邊緣低2英寸Inplacesince2001withnoissues自2001年完工至今無任何問題發(fā)生Winchester–Connecticut

StormwaterRetrofits

Winchester–Connecticut雨水管理設(shè)施改造Excavationandfiltermediaplacement

開挖、使用濾介質(zhì)代替原土Channelshaping&Placementofbioretentionsoilmedia挖出渠道并用生態(tài)介質(zhì)代替原有土壤Removalofoldriprap將原有護坡去除Filtermediaplacement

鋪設(shè)生態(tài)介質(zhì)Soilmedia介質(zhì)土壤Stonecheckdams攔沙壩Nativeplants本地植物15”concretepipeoutlet15英寸混凝土出水口Padofripraptodissipateflows石塊抵消沖刷侵蝕Permeablepavement

透水鋪面ConstructionProcess

施工過程Permeablepavementwaslastthingdoneatsite,透水鋪面是整個場地內(nèi)進行施工的最后一項Allmajorinteriorworkonbuildingwascompleted,sonodeliverytruckswouldbegoingoverpavementsurface,建筑物內(nèi)所有主要施工都已完成，因此沒有卡車在鋪面上開來開去Temperatureofmixatpointoftransferfromtrucktopaverwasaminimumof290degreesFarenheit(275to325isrequiredrange)從卡車到地面之間的瀝青拌合最低溫度為290華氏度（要求在275到325華氏之間）3tonrollerwasusedforinitialcompactionofmaterial,用3噸重的滾轉(zhuǎn)機初步壓實材料1tonrollerwasusedforfinalcompactionwheretemperatureofmixwas160degreesFarenheit當拌合溫度降到160華氏時，用1噸重的滾轉(zhuǎn)機最終壓實材料Engineerwason-siteduringentireinstallationprocess施工過程中需要工程師全程在場監(jiān)督ConstructionProcess

施工過程GravelBase

礫石底層GravelBase

礫石底層Pavementinstallation

安裝鋪面Pavementinstallation

安裝鋪面Pavementinstallation

安裝鋪面Pavementinstallation

安裝鋪面Finishedsurface

完成面Permeablepavement

透水鋪面Whatdoesn’twork?

什么是沒有發(fā)揮功能的設(shè)計？Bioretentionnexttowetland

濕地旁邊的生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)Bottomofsystemis6”aboveobservedseasonalhighgroundwaterlevel生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)底部比觀測到的地下水季節(jié)性高水位高6英寸Bottomofsystemis2’belowex.gradeinwetlands生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)底部比濕地高2英寸Bioretentionturnsintowetland

生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)變成了濕地Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？Pondingmorethan3daysAFTERarainfallevent降雨后的積水時間長達3天Veryfewplants植物少的可憐Sitewasnotfullystabilizedpriortoinstallationoffacility安裝雨水管理設(shè)施之前場地并沒有穩(wěn)定Nosizingcomputations沒有計算設(shè)施的大小S.TrinkausPhotoBioretentiontuningintowetlands

生態(tài)滯留系統(tǒng)變成了濕地Usedoutdateddetailforconstruction施工圖過舊，缺少細節(jié)Toomuchtopsoil表面覆土過多Useoffilterfabriccausesclogging使用土工布導致瘀堵Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？Newlyinstalledsystem.Isthisgood?

新完成施工的設(shè)施，是好的設(shè)計嗎？CopyrightTrinkausEngineering,LLCRainfallEventon9/2/12Newlyinstalledsystem

新完成施工的設(shè)施CopyrightTrinkausEngineering,LLC1weeklater–9/9/12PotentialProblems:PoorNaturalSoilsDesignCalculationinErrorIncorrectSoilMixture可能存在的問題：自然土質(zhì)不好設(shè)計存在計算錯誤土壤配比有誤18”ofPondedWater–Hasnotdrainedintwoweeks18英尺的積水兩周都沒有排完Onlyonetree只有一棵樹Questionablesoilmedia,visualinspectionshowslargesiltcomponent土壤配比存在問題，靠肉眼檢查即能看出土壤有大的黏土成分Overflowgratesetflushtosoilsurface–NOSTORAGEVOLUME溢流設(shè)施與土壤表面的標高一樣----沒有貯存空間EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTS.TrinkausPhotoThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？Target/Lowes–Southington,CT,S.TrinkausphotoSystemislocatedonridgelineinparkingarea

–whatwaterwillentersystem?整個設(shè)施位于公園的高點---怎么會有水流進來？PitchThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？Runoffcanonlyenternearlowendofslopingfacility徑流只有在靠近坡度終點的地方流進設(shè)施Runoffmustmake90-degreeturnintofacility徑流進入設(shè)施時需要90度轉(zhuǎn)彎Minimalstoragearoundoverflowgrate溢流設(shè)施附近要有小幅度的貯存空間EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTCTDEPPhotoThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTS.TrinkausPhotoRunoffwillnotmakea90-degreeturnwhenflowingalongacurbline徑流如果沿著路邊線流，那么不會90度轉(zhuǎn)彎Runoffcannotenterfacilitywithaccumulatedsedimentblockingtheentrance進水口處都被長期積累的雜質(zhì)堵住，徑流無法進入設(shè)施Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTS.TrinkausPhotoWaterwillALWAYStakethepathofleastresistance!!!水永遠沿著阻力最小的路徑流動??！Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？February3,2010Hydraulicgradeline

水力坡降線February2,2010Longreachesundersidewalksandflatstreetsmakegettingwaterintofacilitiesdifficult平整街道和人行道下的過長流段，使得徑流難以進入設(shè)施CourtesyCityofPortlandHowdoesrunoffenterfacilitywhenslopeisparalleltocurb¬chisperpendiculartocurb??–WaterwillALWAYSfollowpathofLEASTresistance設(shè)施的坡度和路牙&切口的平行或垂直，水會怎么流？--水永遠沿著阻力最小的路徑流動UCONN,Storrs,CT;CTDEPPhotoThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？Dogroovesinpavementreallywork?Sedimentbuildupinnotch.Runoffbypassessystemasthepathof“l(fā)east”resistanceisalonggutterline在路面上鑿水槽真的有幫助嗎？當水流動時帶來沉積物，將水槽堵住。水流將繞過設(shè)施，而沿著排水溝流，因為那是阻力“最小”路徑UCONN–Storrs,CT,CTDEPPhotosThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去簡單，但為什么出錯了？Traffic-calmingorroadhazard?

緩解交通還是造成道路危害？CourtesyCityofPortlandWheel-stop輪子停車位TrafficandParking

交通和停車WestbrookTrainStation1yearafte