2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4Naturaldisasters教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案新人教版必修第一冊

PAGE1-Unit4Naturaldisasters1．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過→survivorn．生還者；生還者→survivaln．幸存2．deadadj.無生命的→dievi.死；死亡→deathn．死；死亡3．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockedadj.感到震驚的4．breathn．呼吸→breathevi.&vt.呼吸5．revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)醒悟→revivaln6．unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體→unitevi.&vt.團(tuán)結(jié)7．suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn．熬煎；苦難1．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；深深打動(dòng)；(疾病)侵襲①FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.影響②Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythesadstory.深深打動(dòng)③Influenza(流感)canaffectanybodyinanyagegroup.侵襲2．sheltern．避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.愛護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危急)①Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.愛護(hù)②Wesatintheshade，shelteringfromthesun.躲避③Helivesintheshelterssetupbythegovernment.避難所WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1)rescuen．&vt.救援；營救(教材P48)Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood-hitarea?救援人員和士兵在洪水災(zāi)區(qū)做什么?[例1]Thepolicecametohisrescueandsenthimhome.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。[例2]Alargenumberofsoldiersweresenttheretorescuethosetrappedinthebuilding.大批士兵被派往那里營救被困在大樓里的人。[造句]湯姆在回家的路上從河里救了一個(gè)男孩。Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.[學(xué)問拓展](1)rescuesb./sth.from... 把……從……營救出來(2)cometoone'srescue 來營救某人arescueteam 救援隊(duì)[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Allthepeoplenearbycametoherrescuewhenhearinghercryforhelp.旁邊的人們聽到她的呼救聲都來營救她。②Arescueteamistryingtoreachthetrappedminers.救援隊(duì)正設(shè)法到達(dá)礦工被困的位置。③Themother，alongwithhertwochildren，wasrescuedfromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.那位母親和她的兩個(gè)孩子，被經(jīng)過的輪船從正在下沉的小船上救起來了。[小片段理解]Assoonastheaccidenthappened，therescueteamcametothevictims'rescue，andtheydidn'tgiveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2)damagevt.損害；破壞n．損壞；損失(教材P48)WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首爾哪些建筑被毀?[例1]Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉會(huì)對(duì)你的胃造成損害。[例2]Asweallknow，smokingcando/causedamagetoourhealth.(damagen．)＝Itiswellknownthatsmokingcandamageourhealth.(damagevt.)眾所周知，抽煙會(huì)損害我們的健康。[造句]莊稼在這場風(fēng)暴中受損嚴(yán)峻。Thecropswerebadlydamagedbythestorm.[學(xué)問拓展](1)do/causedamageto 給……帶來/造成毀壞(2)bebadlydamaged 遭遇嚴(yán)峻損害damageone'shealth 損害某人的健康[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Itcaused/diddamagetotheincomeofthelocalfarmers.它給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)夫的收入造成了損失。②Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthatwerebadlydamaged．他們盡力修復(fù)嚴(yán)峻受損的房屋。③Theearthquakecaused/diddamagetoproperty(財(cái)產(chǎn))about$6billion.地震造成的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失大約有60億。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3)ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞(教材P50)Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分鐘的時(shí)間里，一座大城市就淪為了廢墟。[例1]Thatmistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤使他失去了得到那份工作的機(jī)會(huì)。[例2]Theancienttemplehasfallenintoruinsandneedsrepairing.這座古老的廟宇已經(jīng)破敗不堪，須要修理。[造句]這個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰了。Thecountry'seconomywasinruins.[學(xué)問拓展](1)be/lieinruins 成為廢墟；毀滅fallintoruin 成為廢墟；毀滅(2)ruinone'shope/chance 使某人的希望破滅/機(jī)會(huì)失去ruinoneself 自我毀滅[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Yearsoffightinglefttheareainruins．連年的斗爭使這一地區(qū)破敗不堪。②Hisgoodfamefellintoruinbecauseofhisrudeness.他因?yàn)榇拄敹嗽O(shè)倒塌。③Thebadweatherruinedourtrip．惡劣的天氣破壞了我們的旅程。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4)shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚(教材P50)Peoplewereinshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人們都很震驚——然后，當(dāng)天下午晚些時(shí)候，又一場大地震再次侵襲了唐山。[例1]Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!從那個(gè)屏幕上看到我的臉，真讓人驚愕不已！[例2]Iknowthismaycomeasashocktoyou.我知道這可能讓你們很震驚。[造句]這些女孩兒震驚了。Thegirlswereinshock.[學(xué)問拓展](1)inshock 震驚；驚訝beashockto... 使……驚訝(2)shockedadj. 震驚的；驚異的beshockedat/by 對(duì)……驚訝beshockedtodosth. 做某事很驚訝(3)shockingadj. 令人震驚的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Itisshocking(shock)thatstudentscan'tspellthesewords.②Everyoneinthestreetwasshocked(shock)whentheyheardthenews.③Wewereallshockedatthenewsofhisdeath.④Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen.⑤Therewasbloodeverywhere，andthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.[小片斷理解]Wewereallshockedattheshockingnewsthathewasstillinastateofshockaftertheaccident.However，whenhefinallycametohimselfhelookedatusinshock，knowingnothingabouttheaccident.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5)(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n．險(xiǎn)境；陷阱[例1]Ifyouchoosethisway，you'relikelytofallintoatrap.假如你選擇這條路，你很有可能會(huì)陷入圈套。[例2]Therewasapowerfailure；theyweretrappedinthelift.停電了，他們被困在電梯里。[造句]警察設(shè)下了圈套來捉拿竊賊。Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.[學(xué)問拓展](1)betrapped 使陷入逆境trapo(doing)sth. 誘騙某人做某事(2)setatrap 設(shè)置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap 落入圈套[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Theyhavebeentrapped(被困)hereforthreedays.②Thatbigboyalwaystrapsotherchildrenintodoingthings(哄騙其他孩子做事)forhim.翻譯句子③Theteamweretrappedintheburningbuildingandtheywereeagertowaitforrescue.隊(duì)員們被困在燃燒的大樓中，著急地等待救援。[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapandtherabbitwastrappedinit.(trap)(2)buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隱藏[例1]Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.當(dāng)她聽到那個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，她掩面而泣。[例2]Inthepastthreeweeks，wehavebeenburyingourselvesinstudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.在過去的三個(gè)星期里，我們用心的學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)榭荚嚰磳⒌絹?。[造句]自從搬到那里以后，他始終專注于探討工作。Eversincehemovedthere，hehasbeenburiedinhisresearchwork.[學(xué)問拓展](1)bury...in... 把……埋到……里；使……沉醉于……buryone'sfaceinhands 雙手掩面(2)beburiedin 埋頭于；用心于；沉醉于buryoneselfin 埋頭于；用心于；沉醉于[即學(xué)即練]一句多譯他用心致志地學(xué)習(xí)。①Heburies/buriedhimselfinhisstudy.(buryoneself)②Heis/wasburiedinhisstudy.(beburiedin)由于埋頭讀書，他不知道外面下雨了。③Buryinghimselfinthebook，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在分詞burying作狀語)④Buriedinthebook，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(運(yùn)用過去分詞buried作狀語)eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6)effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力(教材P50)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，新的唐山從一片地震廢墟當(dāng)中屹然崛起。[例1]AsfarasI'mconcerned，youshouldmakeagreaterefforttostudyhard.依我看來，你應(yīng)當(dāng)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。[例2]IfIamluckyenoughtobegivensuchagoodchance，Iwillsparenoefforttofinishthetask.假如我足夠幸運(yùn)被賜予這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)，我將不遺余力地完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。[造句]我的確信任你的努力遲早會(huì)有所回報(bào)。Idobelievethatallyoureffortswillpayoffsoonerorlater.[學(xué)問拓展]sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(makeanefforttodosth.,makegreateffortstodosth.))努力做某事[即學(xué)即練]一句多譯我們將全力以赴幫助你，但你必需做好迎接各種困難的打算。①We'llmakeeveryefforttohelpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.②We'llsparenoefforttohelpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.③We'llmakegreateffortstohelpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)7)suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦(教材P51)Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你認(rèn)為地震災(zāi)民須要什么樣的幫助?[例1]AsfarasIknow，hehaseversufferedfromaseriousillness.據(jù)我所知，他曾患有嚴(yán)峻的疾病。[例2]Hesufferedgreatpainsasaresultoftheaccident.由于那次事故，他遭遇了很大苦痛。[造句]盡管遇到很多困難，他從不屈服。Evenifhesufferedfromalotofdifficulties，henevergavein.[學(xué)問拓展](1)sufferfrom 患……病；因……而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饑挨凍(2)sufferingn. 苦難；苦痛sufferern. 受難者[明辨異同]sufferfrom/suffersufferfrom表示“遭遇斗爭、自然災(zāi)難所帶來的苦難”及“患病”，后跟awar，theflood，cough，headache，flu等suffer其賓語通常是表示損失、失敗、苦痛等抽象意義的詞，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment等[即學(xué)即練]用suffer，sufferfrom填空①I'msufferingfromareallackoftimethisweek.②Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.完成句子③Fortunatelyhesufferednopain．幸好他沒感到難受。④Hesufferedfromallkindsofdiseasesinthoseyears.那些年他身患各種各樣的病。[小片斷理解]Weallwanttodosomethingtohelpthosesufferersoutoftheirsufferings.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)too...to...太……不……(教材P50)Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞，甚至豬都驚慌得吃不下東西，狗也不情愿進(jìn)圈舍里。[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)并列句。在第一個(gè)分句中，句子的主語是Chickensandevenpigs，動(dòng)詞不定式短語toeat作結(jié)果狀語。too...todosth.意為“太……以致不……”，too后接形容詞或副詞，to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞不定式表示否定意義。[例1]Iwastooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.＝IwassoyoungthatIcan'tunderstandthemeaningofthefilm.我太年幼，不理解這部電影的含義。[例2]Theproblemistoodifficultformetosettle.＝TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan'tsettleit.這個(gè)問題太難了，我解決不了。[造句]那個(gè)人太累了，走不動(dòng)了。Themanwastootiredtogoanyfarther.[學(xué)問拓展](1)too＋adj./adv.(forsb.)todosth意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義；(2)too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)表示確定意義的狀況：①當(dāng)too之后跟的是表示主語的看法、情感、心情或傾向的詞，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等時(shí)；②當(dāng)“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中含有not或never等否定詞時(shí)；③當(dāng)too前有only，just，simply，all，but等詞時(shí)。[即學(xué)即練]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Thehouseisnotcheapenoughformetobuy.→Thehouseistooexpensiveformetobuy．→ThehouseissoexpensivethatIcan'tbuy．②Hearingthenews，theteacherwassohappy.→Theteacherwastoohappytohearthenews.完成句子③Heistooclevernottounderstandthis．他太聰慧，不會(huì)不明白這一點(diǎn)。④Wearetooreadytohelpyou．我們很樂意幫助你。eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)asif/asthough仿佛；似乎(教材P50)Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即將來臨！[句式分析]Itseemedasif...這是一個(gè)含有表語從句的主從復(fù)合句。asif＝asthough意為“仿佛；似乎”，引導(dǎo)的從句，常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系動(dòng)詞之后作表語。[例1]Lookatthecloudsinthesky！Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看看天上的烏云！看起來將要下雨。[例2]Hurryup！Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快點(diǎn)！看起來火車要開了。[造句]他大聲地唱著、笑著，似乎他是這世界上僅有的人。Hesangandlaughedloudlyasifheweretheonlypersonintheworld.[學(xué)問拓展](1)asif從句用陳述語氣：從句表示的狀況是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的；(2)asif從句用虛擬語氣：①從句用一般過去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反)；②從句用過去完成時(shí)(與過去的事實(shí)相反)；③從句用would/could/mightdo形式(與將來的事實(shí)相反)。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①HetreatsmeasifIwere(be)hisowndaughter.②Theytalkedasif/thoughtheyhadbeen(be)friendsforyears.完成句子③Itseemsasifthenoisecomesfromdownstairs．噪聲似乎是從樓下傳來的。④HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.他說起羅馬來似乎他以前去過那里似的。(與過去事實(shí)相反)⑤Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin．看來我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭恕?．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.[分析]本句主句為：oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，thatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing為定語從句修飾先行詞aquake，aquake與oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcentury是同位語。[譯文]在城市正下方11公里處，20世紀(jì)最致命的一場地震已經(jīng)爆發(fā)了，就連150千米以外的北京也遭遇了此次地震帶來的損害。2．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.[分析]本句為主從復(fù)合句。此句的主干為Thenumberofpeoplewasmorethan400，000。whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake為限制性定語從句，修飾people。[譯文]這場地震造成40多萬人遇難或重傷。3．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.[分析]本句主句為：thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshan;todigout...andtoburythedead為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語；whoweretrapped為定語從句修飾先行詞those。[譯文]地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。教材高考2，400homesdestroyed...thatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyingthem.(2024·北京卷)82killed，500，000affectedTheseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.(2024·天津卷)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Still，mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(disaster)evertohitthearea.2．Theoldmanwentthroughalotofsufferings(suffer)intheolddays.3．Arescueworkerrescuedtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainfortwodays.4．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletelydestroyed(destroy)．5．Thefirefighterscamehererightawaytorescue(rescue)thosetrappedintheburningbuilding.6．Twodayslater，thefightingbetweenthetwocountrieslefttheareainruins(ruin)．7．Allthelistenersweregreatlyshocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.8．Buried(bury)undertheruins，thelittlegirlwasratherfrightened.9．Hedamaged(damage)acarwithabaseballbatlastnight.10．Theirworkandstudyareaffected(affect)seriously.Ⅱ.短語填空thinkof,asif，lookup,asusual,sufferfrom，inruins,setup，digout，inshock，gothrough1．Let'sthinkofsomequestionsaboutlife.2．Theysetupschools，factoriesandhospitalsinthispoorarea.3．Weallknowthatwecan'tliveasusualwithoutgoodhealth.4．Ifyouc