考點(diǎn)14初中時(shí)態(tài)基本考點(diǎn)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫(上海專用)(原卷版+解析)

考點(diǎn)14初中時(shí)態(tài)基本考點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)的各種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中一共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但在初中階段?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。考查重點(diǎn)集中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法、終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與for，since短語(yǔ)或從句連用、havebeento與havegoneto的用法以及在具體語(yǔ)境中動(dòng)詞的用法等。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是I,we,you,they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he,she,it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況＋s以s,x,ch,sh或o結(jié)尾＋es以輔音＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋es2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.客觀真理例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。例題解析：---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork2．______thebusuntilit______.A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop3．The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are+v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況+ing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+ing以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).雙寫詞尾字母+ing2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?Areyou/theydoingsomething?3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1.說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2.現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣賞，表?yè)P(yáng))表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動(dòng)詞）。如：Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.6)常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now等。oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。例題解析：1．Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’salways______lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.toldHow______you______withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon3．---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1.助動(dòng)詞will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形2.am/is/are+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：1．將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3．打算要做的事。例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?3)常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrownextweekin2058等。例題解析：1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcome4．一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母+ed2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent?Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?3）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.3.常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，often，always等。例題解析：Mr.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow3．HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和see為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already,just,ever,never,before等詞連用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他從未讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō).(他對(duì)小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容不了解)2、表示“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.常與for(后跟段時(shí)間)或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如：Hehasdiedfor3years.(F)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.(T)注意：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去過(guò)”（去了又回來(lái)了）have/hasgoneto表示“去過(guò)”（去了沒(méi)回來(lái)了）如：Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在)Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在)例題解析：1.-Howlong______he______afever?---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have2.Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank3.I______youforalongtime.Where______you______?A.Didn’tseen;did,go B.didn’tsee;have,goneC.haven’tseen;have,been D.haven’tseen;havegone6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was/were+v-ing2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?3)常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。例題解析：Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：肯定式：had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定式：hadn’t+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)式：Had…+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad.No,主+had現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。他表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”常與bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等連用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for(后跟段時(shí)間)或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.例題解析：1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto1．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）Asalocaljournalist,John________bigeventsofthecityeveryday.A．willreport B．reports C．wasreporting D．reported2．（2022·上海徐匯·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Excuseme,canIhaveawordwithDoctorSmith?—I’msorry,DoctorSmith_______onapatientatthemoment.A．isoperating B．operated C．hasoperated D．willoperate3．（2022·上海崇明·一模）Lynn________abiketoworkonweekdays.Shethinksitcanhelpprotecttheenvironment.A．ride B．rides C．rode D．hasridden4．（2022·上海奉賢·一模）After1028days,MengWanzhoufinally________homeonSeptember25,2021.A．returned B．hasreturned C．willreturn D．hadreturned5．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Dart_________thebestmomentofhercareeratWimbledonin2019.A．enjoys B．enjoyed C．hasenjoyed D．willenjoy6．（2022·上海金山·二模）Jenny________theviolinnow,andshewillgiveaperformanceintheschoolconcertnextFriday.A．plays B．played C．willplay D．isplaying7．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Thelady________awalkalongthestreetwhenacarhitherfrombehindlastnight.A．took B．wastaking C．hastaken D．hadtaken8．（2022·上海閔行·二模）JackandRose________eachotherandcontactedforalongtime.A．know B．knew C．haveknown D．hadknown9．（2022·上海楊浦·二模）I________allHarryPotterbooksbythetimeIwasten!A．read B．haveread C．wouldread D．hadread10．（2022·上海閔行·二模）Myfather________theundergroundtoworkonweekdays.Heisagreenconsumer.A．take B．takes C．took D．hastaken11．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Haveyouhadyourdinneryet,Mary?—Yes,Ihave.Myfather________itforme.A．wascooking B．havecooked C．willcook D．cooked12．（2022·上海浦東新·二模）Janetwassotired.Shelaydownonthesofaandsoon________asleep.A．falls B．fell C．willfall D．hadfallen13．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級(jí)期中）Oh,myGod.I_______mydictionaryinthereading-roomjustnow.A．forget B．forgot C．left D．leave14．（2022·上海普陀·九年級(jí)期中）I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It__________tenminutesago.A．leaves B．left C．hasleft D．willleave15．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Ifyou________nervousbeforeexams,youcantakeadeepbreathandcalmyourselfdown.A．isgetting B．willget C．get D．got16．（2022·上海浦東新·一模）I’veheardthatTom________avisittohisdisabledfathertwiceaweek.A．pays B．paid C．willpay D．haspaid17．（2022·上海市曹楊中學(xué)附屬學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thesportsmansuddenly_____________downwhilehewasrunningthe1,500-meterrace.A．wouldfall B．fell C．wasfalling D．hadfallen18．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）—MayIspeaktoLily?—Sorry,she________thelibrary.Butshe________inanhour.A．hasbeento,willcomeback B．hasgoneto,willbebackC．hasgoneto,won’tbeback D．hasbeento,won’tcomeback19．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Don’tworry.I______youassoonastheplanelandssafelyinBritain.A．iscalling B．willcall C．hascalled D．called20．（2022·上海靜安·二模）Whiletheyoungmum________,herbabysuddenlycriedinthebedroom.A．cooked B．wascooked C．wascooking D．wouldcook21．（2022·上海浦東新·二模）Thetwoboys________alongthelakewhentheyheardaloudcryforhelp.A．walk B．werewalkingC．willwalk D．hadwalked22．（2022·上海徐匯·二模）—Iwasatapetshopatthreeo’clockyesterdayafternoon.Whataboutyou?—I________akiteinthepark.A．flew B．willfly C．a(chǎn)reflying D．wasflying23．（2022·上海黃浦·二模）Hewasstillworkingontheproblemwhilehisclassmates________arestinthenextroom.A．a(chǎn)rehaving B．havehad C．werehaving D．wouldhave24．（2022·上海黃浦·二模）Richard________ashowerwhenthelightsuddenlywentoutlastnight.A．wastaking B．took C．takes D．willtake25．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）TinaandTom_______witheachotherhappilyontheInternetthistimeyesterday.A．a(chǎn)rechatting B．willchat C．havechatted D．werechatting26．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）—Didyounoticetheteachercomein?—No,Ididn’tbecauseI________English.A．practicedreading B．havepracticedreadingC．waspracticingreading D．a(chǎn)mpracticingreading27．（2022·上海浦東新·一模）Thistimeyesterday,I________tomynewclassteacher.A．speaks B．spoke C．isspeaking D．wasspeaking28．（2022·上海普陀·九年級(jí)期中）ThespecialhotelinHainan________manytouristssinceitsopening.A．a(chǎn)ttract B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．hasattracted D．willattract29．（2022·上海長(zhǎng)寧·二模）Cathyandherfriends2.000yuanforthehomelessanimalssincethebeginningofMarch.A．raise B．raised C．haveraised D．hadraised30．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Ben’ssingingskills________alotsincehejoinedthesinginggroup.A．improve B．haveimproved C．improved D．hadimproved31．（2022·上海嘉定·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Allofus________greatprogresssincewestartedjuniorhighschool.A．make B．made C．havemade D．willmake32．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Amy,youmustbehungryafterwaitingforusforsuchalongtime.—Don’tworry.I________somecookiesalready.A．a(chǎn)meating B．willeat C．waseating D．haveeaten33．（2022·上海長(zhǎng)寧·二模）ImetTonylastTuesday.We________intouchwitheachotherforabout2years.A．didn’tkeep B．haven’tkept C．weren’tkeeping D．hadn’tkept34．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Bytheendoflastyear,Ben________asapostmanfortenyears.A．hasworked B．hadworked C．willwork D．works35．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Bytheendoflastyear,mostofus________thefreevaccine（疫苗).A．willget B．wouldget C．hasgot D．hadgot36．（2022·上?！ひ荒＃㎝umwassurprisedtofindherlittleson________allhersuitcasesalready.A．waspacking B．haspacked C．hadpacked D．wouldpack37．（2022·上海金山·二模）Myelderbrother________asasystemengineerinthecompanysincefiveyearsago.A．worked B．willwork C．hasworked D．hadworked38．（2022·上海浦東新·二模）Lisafeltveryhappyasshe________wellinareadingcontestthedaybefore.A．does B．did C．hasdone D．haddone39．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Bythetimewe________therailwaystation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．gotto;hadbeenaway B．reached;hadleftC．a(chǎn)rrived;hadbeenaway D．a(chǎn)rrivedat;hasleft40．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Howlong_________thefilm________whenhegottothecinema?A．did;begin B．has;begunC．had;beenon D．had;begun1．（2014·上海·中考真題）AuntLucywilltellussomethingabouthertriptoAustraliawhenshe______back.A．came B．comesC．wouldcome D．willcome2．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Thenewrestaurant_______twosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.A．isdoing B．willdo C．did D．hasdone3．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）ThethreeChineseastronauts_______safelyfromspaceonApril16,2022.A．returned B．a(chǎn)rereturning C．havereturned D．hadreturned4．（2020·上海·中考真題）Theancienttownhasbeenopentovisitors________abouttenyears．A．by B．for C．on D．though5．（2014·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）SusanandLily________tomatoesandothervegetablesonthefarmthistimeyesterday.A．pick B．a(chǎn)repicking C．willpick D．werepicking6．（2021·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Theamusementparkhasreceivedmanyvisitors,________?A．hasit B．hasn’tit C．doesit D．doesn’tit7．（2021·上海·中考真題）Lastweekend,David________avisittohisgrandparentsinthecountryside.A．pays B．paid C．willpay D．haspaid8．（2021·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Theheadmasterisnotavailablenow.He________tothenewteachers.A．speaks B．spoke C．isspeaking D．wasspeaking9．（2019·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Look!Theyaboutthesolutiontothenetworkproblemsagain.A．a(chǎn)rgue B．a(chǎn)rearguing C．a(chǎn)rgued D．werearguing10．（2018·上海·中考真題）Thedebateonwhethertokeeppets_____fortyminutesyesterdayafternoon.A．last B．lasted C．willlast D．haslasted11．（2018·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）ThefilmOperationRedSea_____alotofpraisesinceitsfirstshowmonthsago.A．wins B．win C．willwin D．haswon12．（2018·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Michael_________inaschoolinYunnanfromFebruarytoJunenextyear.A．teach B．taught C．willteach D．wasteaching13．（2017·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）（2017?上海中考）Severaljournalists____________thelawyerabouttheinternationalcaseanhourago.A．interview B．interviewed C．willinterview D．hadinterviewed14．（2017·上海·中考真題）（2017?上海中考）Someexchangestudents____________withtheirhostfamiliesthistimeyesterday.A．a(chǎn)rechatting B．willchat C．werechatting D．havechatted15．（2015·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Timtoldusthathiscompany______robotstodosomeofthework.A．uses B．willuse C．hasused D．woulduse16．（2020·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Everyyearthousandsoftourists________themountainareatorelaxthemselves.A．visited B．werevisitingC．visit D．havevisited17．（2020·上海·中考真題）Mike________thefurnitureintohisnewflatthistimeyesterday.A．wouldmove B．wasmoving C．hasmoved D．hadmoved18．（2019·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Bytheendoflastmonth，Janeenoughmoneyforthepoorsickboy.A．raised B．wouldraise C．hadraised D．hasraised19．（2015·上海·中考真題）NowJerry______theexchangeprogrammewithhisclassmatesinthemeetingroom.A．discussed B．isdiscussingC．wasdiscussing D．hasdiscussed20．（2016·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Thismedicine_______millionsofpeople’slivessinceitwasputintouse.A．issaving B．willsave C．hassaved D．hadsaved考點(diǎn)14初中時(shí)態(tài)基本考點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)的各種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中一共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但在初中階段?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)集中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法、終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與for，since短語(yǔ)或從句連用、havebeento與havegoneto的用法以及在具體語(yǔ)境中動(dòng)詞的用法等。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是I,we,you,they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he,she,it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況＋s以s,x,ch,sh或o結(jié)尾＋es以輔音＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋es2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.客觀真理例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。例題解析：---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork解析：電視雖然是前天買的，但壞了是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。選B.2．______thebusuntilit______.A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop解析：這是一個(gè)以u(píng)ntil引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是祈使句，因此從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意此題應(yīng)用not…until（直到……才）句型。應(yīng)選C。3．The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake解析：“這個(gè)70歲的老人早晨鍛煉?！边@里鍛煉是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。因此，應(yīng)選A.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are+v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況+ing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+ing以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).雙寫詞尾字母+ing2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?Areyou/theydoingsomething?3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1.說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2.現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣賞，表?yè)P(yáng))表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動(dòng)詞）。如：Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.6)常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now等。oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。例題解析：1．Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’salways______lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told解析：always在這里應(yīng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，帶有感情色彩，表示討厭。選C.How______you______withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon解析：表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D.3．---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung解析：hang意為懸掛，hung意為上吊、絞死，先排除答案B、D。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷出現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。應(yīng)選A.3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1.助動(dòng)詞will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形2.am/is/are+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：1．將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3．打算要做的事。例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?3)常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrownextweekin2058等。例題解析：1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left解析：趨向動(dòng)詞leave可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。選A。2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcome解析：此題雖然有everyweek,但句意中表達(dá)的事將要去做的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。因此選D。4．一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母+ed2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent?Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?3）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.3.常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，often，always等。例題解析：Mr.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe解析：幾分鐘前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。應(yīng)選

A，2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow解析：雖然句中沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷出，這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道，你前一陣子在這兒。所以應(yīng)選A。3．HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome解析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。應(yīng)選C。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和see為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already,just,ever,never,before等詞連用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他從未讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō).(他對(duì)小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容不了解)2、表示“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.常與for(后跟段時(shí)間)或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如：Hehasdiedfor3years.(F)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.(T)注意：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去過(guò)”（去了又回來(lái)了）have/hasgoneto表示“去過(guò)”（去了沒(méi)回來(lái)了）如：Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在)Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在)例題解析：1.-Howlong______he______afever?---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have解析：此句表示從昨晚起持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，去掉答案D。因?yàn)槭嵌螘r(shí)間，所以不能用短暫行動(dòng)詞，get和catch都是短暫行動(dòng)詞。因此選B.2.Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank解析：碗是空的了，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作造成的結(jié)果?！罢l(shuí)把我的湯都喝了。應(yīng)選C.3.I______youforalongtime.Where______you______?A.Didn’tseen;did,go B.didn’tsee;have,goneC.haven’tseen;have,been D.haven’tseen;havegone解析：for+段時(shí)間一般預(yù)先在完成時(shí)連用?！澳闳ツ膬毫耍俊保ㄔ谶@段時(shí)間你不在）應(yīng)選C。6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was/were+v-ing2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?3)常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。例題解析：Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy解析：“爸爸答應(yīng)我給我買一臺(tái)電腦”。賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作是以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。選D。7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：肯定式：had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定式：hadn’t+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)式：Had…+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad.No,主+had現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。他表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”常與bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等連用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for(后跟段時(shí)間)或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.例題解析：1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone解析：“他去北京之前在上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了4年”。在上海學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在去北京之前，因此第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。此題選B。2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+時(shí)間段+since引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析：“小培說(shuō)她去了海南三個(gè)月”。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。所以適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的havebeenin.應(yīng)選B.1．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）Asalocaljournalist,John________bigeventsofthecityeveryday.A．willreport B．reports C．wasreporting D．reported2．（2022·上海徐匯·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Excuseme,canIhaveawordwithDoctorSmith?—I’msorry,DoctorSmith_______onapatientatthemoment.A．isoperating B．operated C．hasoperated D．willoperate3．（2022·上海崇明·一模）Lynn________abiketoworkonweekdays.Shethinksitcanhelpprotecttheenvironment.A．ride B．rides C．rode D．hasridden4．（2022·上海奉賢·一模）After1028days,MengWanzhoufinally________homeonSeptember25,2021.A．returned B．hasreturned C．willreturn D．hadreturned5．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Dart_________thebestmomentofhercareeratWimbledonin2019.A．enjoys B．enjoyed C．hasenjoyed D．willenjoy6．（2022·上海金山·二模）Jenny________theviolinnow,andshewillgiveaperformanceintheschoolconcertnextFriday.A．plays B．played C．willplay D．isplaying7．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Thelady________awalkalongthestreetwhenacarhitherfrombehindlastnight.A．took B．wastaking C．hastaken D．hadtaken8．（2022·上海閔行·二模）JackandRose________eachotherandcontactedforalongtime.A．know B．knew C．haveknown D．hadknown9．（2022·上海楊浦·二模）I________allHarryPotterbooksbythetimeIwasten!A．read B．haveread C．wouldread D．hadread10．（2022·上海閔行·二模）Myfather________theundergroundtoworkonweekdays.Heisagreenconsumer.A．take B．takes C．took D．hastaken11．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）—Haveyouhadyourdinneryet,Mary?—Yes,Ihave.Myfather________itforme.A．wascooking B．havecooked C．willcook D．cooked12．（2022·上海浦東新·二模）Janetwassotired.Shelaydownonthesofaandsoon________asleep.A．falls B．fell C．willfall D．hadfallen13．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級(jí)期中）Oh,myGod.I_______mydictionaryinthereading-roomjustnow.A．forget B．forgot C．left D．leave14．（2022·上海普陀·九年級(jí)期中）I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It__________tenminutesago.A．leaves B．left C．hasleft D．willleave15．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Ifyou________nervousbeforeexams,youcantakeadeepbreathandcalmyourselfdown.A．isgetting B．willget C．get D．got16．（2022·上海浦東新·一模）I’veheardthatTom________avisittohisdisabledfathertwiceaweek.A．pays B．paid C．willpay D．haspaid17．（2022·上海市曹楊中學(xué)附屬學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thesportsmansuddenly_____________downwhilehewasrunningthe1,500-meterrace.A．wouldfall B．fell C．wasfalling D．hadfallen18．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—MayIspeaktoLily?—Sorry,she________thelibrary.Butshe________inanhour.A．hasbeento,willcomeback B．hasgoneto,willbebackC．hasgoneto,won’tbeback D．hasbeento,won’tcomeback19．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Don’tworry.I______youassoonastheplanel