Unit3 單元語法和寫作

2/2選擇性必修三Unit3EnvironmentalProtection單元語法及寫作一、單元語法（直接引語和間接引語）直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。直接引語一般前后要加引號，間接引語不用。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成賓語從句。如：Johnsaid,“Ihaveworkedoutthismathsproblem.”直接引語=Johnsaidthathehadworkedoutthismathsproblem.間接引語用法歸納：一、陳述句直接引語為陳述句時，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句（that可省略）,主句的位于動詞主要有say,tell,repeat,think,explain等。同時，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要做相應的變化。其一般規(guī)則如下：1.時態(tài)的變化（以do為例）直接引語間接引語時態(tài)do/doesdidam/is/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonedidhaddonehaddonehaddone不變willdowoulddo【注意】；下列情況下，直接引語變間接引語時時態(tài)不變。(1)主句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時。如：LingLingsays,“LiMingdoeswellinEnglish.”LingLingsaysthatLiMingdoeswellinEnglish.(2)直接引語陳述的是客觀事實或真理。如：“Theearthgoesaroundthesun,”saidourteacher.Ourteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(3)直接引語中有明確的表示過去的時間狀語。如：Theyoungmantoldme,“Iwasenjoyedbythecompanyin1998.”Theyoungmantoldmethathewasemployedbythecompanyin1998.2.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化thisthat these—those nowthen todaythatday yesterdaythedaybeforeTomorrowthenext/followingday herethere comego【注意】：如果在當?shù)剞D述，here不必改為there，動詞come不必改為go；如果在當天轉述，yesterday,tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。3.人稱代詞的變化(1)“一隨主”：若直接引語中有第一人稱，變間接引語時應與主句中主語人稱相一致。(2)“二隨賓”：若直接引語中有第二人稱，變間接引語時應與主句中賓語的人稱相一致。(3)“第三人稱不更新”：直接引語中的第三人稱變間接引語時不需要變化。二、疑問句直接引語時疑問句時，間接引語要用陳述語序，主句的謂語動詞常用ask,或改為wonder,donotknow等。1.若直接引語時一般疑問句或反義疑問句，變間接引語時將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f或whether引導的賓語從句。Johnasked,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”Johnaskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.2.若直接引語為特殊疑問句，變間接引語時則將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡栐~引導的賓語從句?！癢hereareyoufrom?”Johnaskedme.JohnaskedmewhereIwasfrom.3.若直接引語為選擇疑問句，變間接引語時則將直接引語變?yōu)閣hether…or…引導的賓語從句?！癉oyouwanttogohomeorstayhere?”Sheasked.SheaskedmewhetherIwantedtogohomeorstaythere.三、祈使句1.引述表示命令的祈使句，常用tell,order轉述；2.引述表示建議、勸告的祈使句，可用advise,suggest等詞轉述；3.引述表示請求的祈使句，常用ask,beg等詞轉述；4.引述表警告或提醒的祈使句，常用remind,warn等詞轉述。“Handinyourhomeworkafterschool.”theteachersaidtothestudents.--Theteachertoldthestudentstohandintheirhomeworkafterschool.“Pleaseforgiveme,”shesaidtoherfather.Shebeggedherfathertoforgiveher.四、感嘆句：感嘆句的間接引語可以用what/how引導Theysaid,“Howlovelythedayis!”Theysaidhowlovelythedaywas.I、單句語法填空1.Thephysicsteachertoldhisstudentsthatlight_______________(travel)fasterthansound.2.Maryaskedme_________________Iwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.3.Hesaidtheyhadinsistedthatshe_____________________(start)immediately.4.Mr.Wangtoldthechildrenthathe_________________(leave)forShanghaionbusinessnextmonth.5.Shesaidthatshe__________________(write)aletterwhenheknockedatthedoor.6.ChengLeadvisedus___________________(read)agoodEnglishmagazine,likeTime.7.Thelittlegirltoldhimthatshe___________________(watch)thewonderfulfootballmatchthemonthbefore.8.Thematchwasputoffto____________nextdaybecauseofbadweather.II、句型轉換：直接引語變成間接引語Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”_____________________________________________________________________________________________“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”Hesaid._____________________________________________________________________________________________“Didyouseeherlastweek?”Johnasked._____________________________________________________________________________________________“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked._____________________________________________________________________________________________LiMingsaid,“Let’sgotothetheaterthisevening.”_____________________________________________________________________________________________二、單元主題寫作：writeanreportonanenvironmentalissueI．典例詳析某英文報刊將開展一次主題為“EnvironmentalProtection”的征文活動。請你以“Reducingairpollution”為題，寫一篇100詞左右的英文報告。內容如下：提出問題；給出建議；得出結論及期望。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________a.關鍵詞語：1.導致，造成，引起__________________________ 2.對…有影響___________________________3.對…造成極大傷害__________________________ 4.對…有害處____________________________5.呼吁某人做某事___________________________ 6.與…和諧相處__________________________7.用盡，耗盡，用完__________________________ 8.采取措施做某事________________________9.對…負責/承擔責任_________________________ 10.努力做…_____________________________b.根據(jù)中文提示完成下面句子（盡可能用上已學詞匯和句式）：提出問題：1.眾所周知，空氣污染變得越來越嚴重了，這引起了我們極大的重視。（定語從句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________銜接上下文：2.為了解決這個問題，政府還有我們個人都應采取有效的措施。____________________________________________________________________________________________措施1：3.政府應制定嚴格的規(guī)章制度，迫使一些工廠關閉或搬出市中心。(doing做結果狀語)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________措施2：4.應生產使用新能源的汽車和公交車，只有這樣，才能大幅減少二氧化碳排放。（倒裝句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________措施3：5.我們個人應提高保護環(huán)境的意識，并呼吁更多的人積極參與到此當中來。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________得出結論：6.正是隨著這些措施的生效和國民做出的不懈努力，我堅信我們能過上更幸福的生活。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________連句成文（注意使用適當?shù)倪B詞，并盡可能使用高級詞匯和句式）：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________實戰(zhàn)演練：(一)全球氣候變暖是目前人類面臨的最大環(huán)境問題，請你根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇英語短文，為節(jié)能減排獻計獻策。要點提示：1.球變暖的原因和危害；2.應對措施；3.注意：1.詞數(shù)80-100；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(二)假設你是李華，將為你校英語報寫一篇有關交通安全的報告。你通過采訪有關部門，獲得了你市去年的交通事故統(tǒng)計圖表，請根據(jù)得到的信息為校報寫一篇報告，呼吁人們重視交通安全，遵守交通規(guī)則。寫作要點：1.交通事故發(fā)生的數(shù)量和危害；2.事故原因（道路擁擠、違章、酒后駕車）；3.防范措施。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit3單元語法和寫作參考答案：I.1travels2if/whether3shouldstart4wouldleave5waswriting6toread7hadwatched8theII.1Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.2.HesaidthatIhadtogotherebeforefive.3.Johnaskedif/whetherIhadseenhertheweekbefore.4.HeaskedwhereIhadbeenthosedays.5.LiMingsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothetheatrethatevening.=LiMingsuggestedgoingtothetheatrethatevening.a.1leadto/resultin/bringabout 2haveaneffect/influence/impacton 3cause/dogreatdamageto4doharmto/beharmfulto 5callon/appealtosb.todosth. 6liveinharmonywith…7runoutofvi/runout/useupvt. 8takesteps/measures/actionstodosth. 9takeresponsibilityfor10makeaneffort/makeeveryeffort/makegreatefforts/sparenoeffortstodosth.b.1.Asisknowntousall,airpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious,whichhascausedourgreatattention.

2.為了：todo…/inordertodo…/inanefforttodo…/inabidtodo…/inanattempttodo…/withtheaim/intention/purposeofdoing…/aimtodo…/beaimedatdoing…Inanattempttotackletheproblem,thegovernment,alongwithusindividuals,shouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.3.Thegovernmentshouldsetupstrictregulations,forcingsomefactoriestoclosedownormoveoutofthecitycenter.4.Carsandbusesusingnewcleanenergyshouldbeproduced.Onlyinthisway,canthecarbondioxideemissionbedramaticallyreduced/leadtoadramaticdecrease.5.Weasindividualsshouldraisetheawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandcallonmorepeopletobeactivelyinvolvedinit.6.ItiswiththesemeasuresineffectandtirelesseffortsmadebycitizensthatIholdthefirmbeliefthatwecanliveahappierlife.連句成文（注意使用適當?shù)倪B詞，并盡可能使用高級詞匯和句式）：ReducingairpollutionAsisknowntousall,airpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious,whichhascausedourgreatattention.

Inanattempttotackletheproblem,thegovernment,alongwithusindividuals,shouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.Tobeginwith,thegovernmentshouldsetupstrictregulations,forcingsomefactoriestoclosedownormoveoutofthecitycenter.Furthermore,carsandbusesusingnewcleanenergyshouldbeproduced.Onlyinthisway,canthecarbondioxideemissionbringaboutadramaticdecrease.Mostimportantly/Bestofall,weasindividualsshouldraisetheawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandcallonmorepeopletobeactivelyinvolvedinit.ItiswiththesemeasuresineffectandtirelesseffortsmadebycitizensthatIholdthefirmbeliefthatwecanliveahappierlife.實戰(zhàn)演練一Withtherapiddevelopmentoftheeconomy,pollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsnowadays.TheemissionofgreenhousegasesnotonlyresultsinmoreandmoreCO2intheatmospherebutalsokeepsthetemperaturegoingup.Itha