2022屆江蘇省南京市高考英語模擬卷（一） 附解析

2022屆南京市高考模擬卷（一）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，共37.5分）AAWelcometotheofficialLouvreonlinesalessiteTheMuséeduLouvreisreopeningandwearegladtobeabletowelcomeyoubackagain.InlinewiththemeasurestakentopreventthespreadofCOVID-19visitorswillberequiredtowearamask.Accordingtogovernmentrecommendations,allvisitorstotheLouvreaged12yearsandtwomonthsoroldermustshowaHealthPass.Allvisitors,includingthoseentitledtofreeadmission,mustbookatimeperiod.Pleaseacceptourapologiesfortheinconvenience.IndividualticketsfortheMuseumAdmissionandreservationofatimeperiodtoaccessthepermanentcollections.Ticketsvalidfortheselecteddateonly.FulllistofvisitorsentitledtofreeadmissionatLouvre.fr.Generaladmission:€18TheMuséeduLouvreisopeneveryday—exceptTuesdays,January1,May1andDecember25—from9:00amto6:00pm.Visitorswillbeaskedtoleavetheexhibitionrooms30minutesbeforeclosure.Allticketspurchasedonlinearetime-stampedandnominative(記名的);youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.Theyareonlyvalidfortheservice,dateandtimeselected.Theycannotbeusedtoskipthequeuebutdoguaranteeaccesstothemuseumwithinhalfanhourofthetimeshownontheticket.Anyholderofanonlineticketwhodoesnotarrivewithintheassignedtimeperiodforadmissiontothemuseumshallbesubjecttothesameadmissionandwaitingconditionsasvisitorswithouttickets.Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission(otherthanLouvremembers)—Under18s,proofofIDrequired—16-25year-oldresidentsoftheEuropeanEconomicArea(EuropeanUnion,Norway,Iceland,andLiechtenstein),proofofIDandresidencyrequiredProfessionals—TeachersworkinginFrance,valid“PassEducation”required—Teachersofart,arthistoryortheappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatingsubjecttaughtrequired—ArtistswiththeMaisondesArtistesorInternationalAssociationofArt,validproofrequiredOther—Jobseekers,validproofandIDrequired(datedwithinthelastyearorindicatingaperiodofvalidity)—Disabledvisitorsandthepersonaccompanyingthem1.Thispassagemainlyaimsat________.A.introducingtheexhibitsattheLouvreB.providingticketinginformationoftheLouvreC.listingrestrictionsonadmissiontotheLouvreD.illustratingtheservicesprovidedattheLouvre2.IfafamilyinNorwayincludingthewife,anartteacher,thehusband,anITengineer,anda10-year-oldson,wanttovisittheLouvrethisweekend,theyshouldpayatleast________inall.A.€18 B.€36 C.€45 D.€543.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheLouvrefromthepassage?A.ItisopeneverydayexceptonTuesdays.B.Itsonlineticketsensureaccesstoitatanytime.C.ProofofIDisrequiredforanyonebuyingitsticketsonline.D.Ticketholdersmayberefusedtoenteritifarrivinganhourlate.【1~3題答案】【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了盧浮宮的票務信息，涉及時效性、價格以及使用限制等信息。【1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要介紹了進入盧浮宮所需要的門票信息，時效性、價格以及使用限制等信息，所以本文主要是為了提供盧浮宮的票務信息。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三欄“Generaladmission:€18”（一般入場費：18歐元），可知丈夫，一位IT工程師需要支付18歐元；根據第五欄“Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission”（有權免費入場的訪客）部分，“Under18s,proofofIDrequired”（18歲以下，需提供身份證明）以及“Teachersofart,arthistoryortheappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatingsubjecttaughtrequired”（藝術、藝術史或應用藝術教師，需提供有效的就業(yè)證明，說明所教授的學科）可知，作為美術教師的妻子和10歲的兒子可以免費進入，所以全家人總計需要支付18歐元。故選A項。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四欄第二段“Allticketspurchasedonlinearetime-stampedandnominative(記名的);youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.”（所有在線購買的門票都有時間戳和記名的；因此，可能會要求您提供身份證明）可知，任何人在網上購票都是需要提供身份證明的。故選C項。BHristoHristovhasbeenworkingwithwildlifeinBulgaria'sremoteRhodopeMountainsforover30years.Hefirstcamehereasabright-eyedstudentintheearly1990s,eagertoincreasethenumberofgriffonvulture(歐亞尤雪).Atthetime,therewerefewerthan20birdsleft.FastforwardtoNovember2020,thereweremoregriffonvultures.Atthelastcount,arecord245nowliveintheRhodopeMountains.Asarewildingofficer,Hristoisresponsibleforthewelfareoftheanimalsinhisarea,whichmeansconstantobservation,andlengthyperiodsoutinthewildconductingresearch."Thisprocessissometimeslong—youhavetolivetogetherwiththeanimals,"heexplains."Forgeteverything;youliveinnature.Itdoesn'tmatterifthey'rehorses,wildcattleorEuropeanbison(野牛)."Thissmallcornerofsouth-easternEuropeisoneofthecontinent'smostecologicallydiverseareas.Largeanimals,suchaswolves,brownbears,deer,andwildhorses,coexisthere.It'salsoapeacefulplaceforbirdlife,with300speciesrecorded.Theultimategoalistocreateahabitatwheremultipledifferentspeciesdependononeanother.Hristo'scurrentchallengeistocontinuethereintroductionofEuropeanbisontothewild.Since2013,HristohasworkedwithRewildingEurope,anot-for-profitorganisationwhichoperatesacrossEurope,tobringbisonbacktotheRhodopeMountains.In2019,severalbisonwerereleasedintothewild,andthreebabybisonhavealreadybeenborn,twoofthosecomingin2020.Attheendoflastyear,anothertwofemalesweredonatedtotheprojectfromzoosinHungaryandSlovakia.Whenthenewanimalsareeventuallyreleasedintothewild,theywillnumber13.4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutgriffonvultures?A.Theyarenowindangerofdyingout. B.Theymayliveaslongasover30years.C.TheycanbeseenintheRhodopeMountains. D.Theywerefirstdiscoveredintheearly1990s.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHristo?A.Proudbutcaring. B.Silentbutgenerous.C.Honestandcreative. D.Devotedandpatient.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Developthethemewithexamples. B.Addsomebackgroundinformation.C.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.7.WhatcanweexpectofEuropeanbison'spopulationinthefuture?A.Itwillbehardtoassess. B.Itwillstarttoexplode.C.Itwillshowpromise. D.Itwillbesomethingtoworryabout.【4~7題答案】【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了HristoHristov一直在研究野生動物，目前在努力繼續(xù)將歐洲野牛放歸野外?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Atthelastcount,arecord245nowliveintheRhodopeMountains.(在最近的統(tǒng)計中，記錄在案的245只歐亞尤雪現在生活在羅多普山脈)”可知，在羅多普山脈可以看到歐亞尤雪。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“HristoHristovhasbeenworkingwithwildlifeinBulgaria'sremoteRhodopeMountainsforover30years.(HristoHristov30多年來一直在保加利亞偏遠的羅多普山脈研究野生動物)”以及第二段“Asarewildingofficer,Hristoisresponsibleforthewelfareoftheanimalsinhisarea,whichmeansconstantobservation,andlengthyperiodsoutinthewildconductingresearch.(作為一名復卷官員，赫里斯托負責他所在地區(qū)動物的福利，這意味著要經常觀察，并在野外進行長時間的研究)”可知，HristoHristov花費30多年的時間研究野生動物，并且要經常觀察，所以推測HristoHristov獻身于野生動物研究，是有耐心的。故選D項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。文章前兩段講述了HristoHristov渴望增加歐亞尤雪的數量并愿意在野外進行長時間的研究，第三段介紹了東南歐的這一區(qū)域中，有許多不同物種共同生存，最后一段講述HristoHristov目前面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是繼續(xù)將歐洲野牛放歸野外。由此推知，作者在第三段中添加了一些背景信息，為最后一段講述HristoHristov努力將歐洲野牛放歸野外設置背景。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“In2019,severalbisonwerereleasedintothewild,andthreebabybisonhavealreadybeenborn,twoofthosecomingin2020.Attheendoflastyear,anothertwofemalesweredonatedtotheprojectfromzoosinHungaryandSlovakia.Whenthenewanimalsareeventuallyreleasedintothewild,theywillnumber13.(2019年，幾頭野牛被放歸野外，三頭小野牛已經出生，其中兩頭于2020年出生。去年年底，匈牙利和斯洛伐克的動物園向該項目捐贈了另外兩頭雌性野牛。當這些新動物最終被放歸野外時，它們的數量將達到13只)”可知，歐洲野牛的數量是逐漸增加的，顯示出希望。故選C項。CAnewstudycombininglinguistic,geneticandarchaeologicalevidencehastracedtheoriginsofthefamilyoflanguagesincludingmodernJapanese,Korean,TurkishandMongolianandthepeoplewhospeakthemtomillet(粟)farmerswhoinhabitedaregioninnortheasternChinaabout9,000yearsago．ThefindingsdetailedonWednesdaydocumentasharedgeneticancestryforthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhospeakwhattheresearcherscallTranseurasianlanguagesacrossanareastretchingmorethan8,000kilometers.Thefindingsillustratehowhumankind’sembraceofagriculturefollowingtheIceAgepoweredthemovementsofsomeoftheworld’smajorlanguagefamilies.Milletwasanimportantearlycropashunter-gathererstransitionedtoanagriculturallifestyle.Thereare98Transeurasianlanguages.Thislanguagefamily’sbeginningsweretracedtomilletfarmersintheLiaoRivervalley,anareaincludingpartsoftheChineseprovincesofLiaoningandJilinandtheregionofInnerMongolia.AsthesefarmersmovedacrossnortheasternAsia,thedescendantlanguagesspreadnorthandwestintoSiberiaandeastintoKoreaandovertheseatoJapanoverthousandsofyears.Theresearchstressedthecomplexbeginningsformodernpopulationsandcultures.“Acceptingthattherootsofone’slanguage,cultureorpeopleliebeyondthepresentnationalboundariesisakindofsurrenderofidentity,whichsomepeoplearenotyetpreparedtomake,”saidcomparativelinguistMartineRobbeets,leadauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalNature.“PowerfulnationssuchasJapan,KoreaandChinaareoftenpicturedasrepresentingonelanguage,onecultureandonegeneticprofile.Butatruthisthatalllanguages,culturesandhumans,includingthoseinAsia,aremixed,”Robbeetsadded.TheoriginsofmodemChineselanguagesaroseindependently,thoughinasimilarfashion,withmilletalsoinvolved.WhiletheancestorsoftheTranseurasianlanguagesgrewmilletintheLiaoRivervalley,theoriginatorsoftheSino-TibetanlanguagefamilyfarmedmilletatroughlythesametimeinChina’sYellowRiverregion,pavingthewayforaseparatelanguageexpansion.8.Whatisthenewstudymainlyabout?A.Themigrationroutesofmilletfarmers.B.Theancientoriginsofalargelanguagefamily.C.ThedifferentancestriesofTranseurasianspeakers.D.Thesharedfeaturesofsomeneighboringlanguages.9.WhatfueledthespreadofTranseurasianlanguages?A.Thetransitionofpower. B.Thediversityoflifestyles.C.Theinteractionofcultures. D.Theadoptionoffarming.10.AccordingtoRobbeets,whomayfeeluncomfortableaboutthenewfindings?A.Thosefromagriculturalcountries.B.Thosewhodenytheirculturalidentity.C.Thosewithastrongsenseofnationalism.D.Thosewhoareafraidtocrossboundaries.11.Whatisthemainfunctionofthelastparagraph?A.Todrawaconclusion.B.Topresentlikelyconsequences.C.Tohighlightthetheme.D.Toofferadditionalinformation.【8~11題答案】【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【分析】本篇是說明文，主要講了發(fā)表在《自然》期刊上的一項最新研究發(fā)現，包括日語，韓語，土耳其語和蒙古語在內的泛歐亞語系起源于9000年前的中國東北。農業(yè)的發(fā)展推動了語言的傳播?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段“Anewstudycombininglinguistic,geneticandarchaeologicalevidencehastracedtheoriginsofthefamilyoflanguagesincludingmodernJapanese,Korean,TurkishandMongolianandthepeoplewhospeakthemtomillet(粟)farmerswhoinhabitedaregioninnortheasternChinaabout9,000yearsago”（一項結合語言學、遺傳學和考古學證據的新研究追溯了現代日語、韓語、土耳其語和蒙古語等語言家族的起源，以及與居住在中國東北地區(qū)約9000年前的黍農民說這些語言的人）可知，第一段主要講了一支大語族的古代起源。故選B。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三自然段第一句話“Thefindingsillustratehowhumankind’sembraceofagriculturefollowingtheIceAgepoweredthemovementsofsomeoftheworld’smajorlanguagefamilies.”（研究結果說明了人類在冰河時代之后對農業(yè)的接受如何推動了世界上一些主要語系的運動。）可知，是農業(yè)推動了世界主要語系的發(fā)展。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。由第六段“Acceptingthattherootsofone’slanguage,cultureorpeopleliebeyondthepresentnationalboundariesisakindofsurrenderofidentity,whichsomepeoplearenotyetpreparedtomake,”（接受一個人的語言、文化或民族的根源超出目前的國界是一種身份的放棄，有些人還沒有準備好）可知，他認為承認自己的語言，文化或祖先來自境外，是一種身份的屈服，有些人接受不了。在四個選項中強烈的民族主義者比較符合這個群體畫像。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“TheoriginsofmodemChineselanguagesaroseindependently,thoughinasimilarfashion,”（現代漢語的起源以類似的方式獨立出現）可知，最后一段主要講了現代漢語的起源，從最后一段可知漢藏語系和泛歐亞語系是獨立的。而前文主要探討的是泛歐亞語系，所以這里是補充額外信息。故選D。DAn85-year-oldprimaryschoolconstructedin1935inShanghaihasbeenliftedoffthegroundinitsentiretyandrelocatedusingnewtechnologycalledthe“walkingmachine.”Theprojectmarksthefirsttimethis“walkingmachine”methodhasbeenusedinShanghaitorelocateahistoricalbuilding.Urbanization（都市化）hascontinuedtosignificantlythreatenarchitecturalheritage.InthecapitalBeijing,forinstance,morethan1,000acresofitshistorichutongsandtraditionalcourtyardhomesweredestroyedbetween1990and2010.Intheearly2000s,citiesincludingNanjingandBejjing-duetothecritics’protestaboutthelossofoldneighborhoods-drewuplong-termplanstopreservewhatwasleftoftheirhistoricsites,withprotectionsintroducedtosafeguardbuildingsandrestrictdevelopers.Theseconservationeffortshavetakendifferentforms.InBeijing,anear-ruinedtemplewastransformedintoarestaurantandgallery,whileinNanjing,acinemafromthe1930swasrestoredtoitsoriginalform,withsomeadditionsprovidingitformodernuse.In2019,ShanghaiwelcomedTankShanghai,anartscenterbuiltinrenovated（重修的）oiltanks.“Relocationisnotthefirstchoice,butbetterthandestroying,”saidLan,theShanghaiprimaryschool’sprojectsupervisor.“I’drathernottouchthehistoricalbuildingsatall.”Buildingrelocationshesaidhowever,are“aworkableoption.”“Thecentralgovernmentisputtingmoreemphasisontheprotectionofhistoricalbuildings.I’mhappytoseethatprogressinrecentyears.”ShanghaihasarguablybeenChina’smostprogressivecitywhenitcomestoheritagepreservation.Thesurvivalofanumberof1930sbuildingsand19th-century“shikumen”（or“stonegate”）househaveofferedexamplesofhowtogiveoldbuildingsnewlife.“Wehavetopreservethehistoricalbuildingnomatterwhat,”Lansaid.“Therelocationhaschallenges,butingeneral,itischeaperthandestroyingandthenrebuildingsomethinginanewlocation.”12.Howdidcitiesrespondtothelossofhistoricalsites?A.Theycriticizedthedevelopers. B.Theyrebuiltthehistorichutongs.C.Theyendedthesignificantthreat. D.Theyproposedtheprotectionproject.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inPara.4referto?A.Alloriginalform. B.Anewaddition. C.Acinema. D.Atemple.14.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinPara.6?A.Providestrongevidence. B.Introducedifferentopinions.C.Summarizepreviousparagraphs. D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.15.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WalkingMachine:aNewTechnology B.Rebuilding:aNewOptionforRelicsC.OldBuildingTorndownforModernUse D.HistoricalSite“Walks”toNewLife【12~15題答案】【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。上海一所始建于1935年、擁有85年歷史的小學，日前全部拔地而起，并使用名為“步行機”的新技術進行了重新安置。該項目標志著上海首次采用這種“步行機器”的方式來搬遷一座歷史建筑。文章對各個城市對歷史遺跡的保護的努力進行了介紹，并詳細介紹了上海的重新安置歷史遺跡的方法。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Intheearly2000s,citiesincludingNanjingandBejjing-duetothecritics’protestaboutthelossofoldneighborhoods-drewuplong-termplanstopreservewhatwasleftoftheirhistoricsites,withprotectionsintroducedtosafeguardbuildingsandrestrictdevelopers.”（21世紀初，包括南京和北京在內的城市——由于批評人士對老街區(qū)流失的抗議——制定了長期計劃來保護遺留下來的歷史遺跡，引入保護措施來保護建筑，并限制開發(fā)商。）可知，城市提出了保護計劃來應對歷史遺跡的喪失。故選D。【13題詳解】指代猜測題。根據第四段第二句中的“acinemafromthe1930swasrestoredtoitsoriginalform”（20世紀30年代的一座電影院被恢復了原來的形式）可知，it是指電影院。故選C?！?4題詳解】目的意圖題。根據第六段第二句Thesurvivalofanumberof1930sbuildingsand19th-century“shikumen”（or“stonegate”）househaveofferedexamplesofhowtogiveoldbuildingsnewlife.（幸存下來的一些20世紀30年代的建筑和19世紀的“石庫門”(或“石門”)房屋為如何賦予舊建筑新的生命提供了范例。）可知，第六段中作者提供證據證明在遺產保護方面，上海可以說是中國最先進的城市。故選A。【15題詳解】標題判斷題。根據第一段An85-year-oldprimaryschoolconstructedin1935inShanghaihasbeenliftedoffthegroundinitsentiretyandrelocatedusingnewtechnologycalledthe“walkingmachine.”Theprojectmarksthefirsttimethis“walkingmachine”methodhasbeenusedinShanghaitorelocateahistoricalbuilding.（上海一所始建于1935年、擁有85年歷史的小學，日前全部拔地而起，并使用名為“步行機”的新技術進行了重新安置。該項目標志著上海首次采用這種“步行機器”的方式來搬遷一座歷史建筑。）可知，文章主要是講現在對待歷史遺跡采取了一種重新安置的方法。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分）WhatIsGoodCitizenship?Goodcitizenshipisgenerallydefinedashowacitizenperformsaroletobecomeausefulmemberofsociety.Thisinvolvesdutiesandresponsibilitiesthatmaybeexpressedthroughlawsandregulations.____16____Citizenship,initsgeneralsense,isbeingpartofacommunity.____17____Thefactorstowardimprovinglivesandrelationshipofacommunityincludedoingvolunteerwork,initiatingcommunityprograms,andparticipatingineconomicaffairs.Agoodcitizenisanimportantpartofaprogressivestate.Ascoveredbythesocialcontracttheory,agovernmentisestablishedtomanageinteractionamongcitizens,defineanindividual’srights,enforcetheserights,andmakesurejustcompensation(補償)isobtainedwhentheserightsarenotobeyed.____18____Thepurposeofthissocialcontractistoavoidchaosinacommunity,whichispossiblewithoutgoodleadership.Fromthisleadershiparisesgoodcitizenship,allowingeverycitizentoexpectotherstorespectforhisorherlegallydemandablerights.____19____Themostbasiccharacteristicisthemoraldutytorecognizetherightsofothers.Anotherimportantcharacteristicistheabilitytolistentotheviewsofothers.Theseviewsmaybringaboutsolutionstoproblemsofthecommunity.Agoodcitizenisalsowillingtoadapttonewsituations.____20____Basedonthesefactors,goodcitizenshipissaidtoberelatedtoboththeintellectualandsocialskillsofacitizen.A.Therearemanycharacteristicsofgoodcitizenship.B.Beingagoodcitizenisimportantinimprovingthecommunity.C.Apartfromthesecharacteristics,agoodcitizenknowsandobeysthelawsoftheland.D.Inturn,thecitizenshandovertothegovernmentthepowersthatmaylimitsomefreedom.E.Thismayalsoinvolveyourbehaviorsexpressedthroughtherecognitionofrightandwrong.F.Ascitizens,wecareaboutothersandbeinggoodmembersofourcommunitiesandourcountry.G.Goodcitizenshipliesintherecognitionthatmembersofacommunityworktogethertoimprovetheirlivesandtheirrelationshipwithoneanother.【16~20題答案】【答案】16.E17.G18.D19.A20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。作者從社區(qū)層面和國家層面解釋了什么是好的公民身份并例舉了一些好的公民身份的特征?！?6題詳解】根據上文“Thisinvolvesdutiesandresponsibilitiesthatmaybeexpressedthroughlawsandregulations.（這涉及到通過法規(guī)所表達出的職責和義務。）”可知，本句主要講公民身份的含義。而E選項“Thismayalsoinvolveyourbehaviorsexpressedthroughtherecognitionofrightandwrong.（這也涉及通過公認的對錯觀而表達出來的你的行為舉止。）”中“Thismayalsoinvolve”與前文“Thisinvolves”對應。故選E項。【17題詳解】根據下文“Thefactorstowardimprovinglivesandrelationshipofacommunityincludedoingvolunteerwork,initiatingcommunityprograms,andparticipatingineconomicaffairs.（關于改善提高社區(qū)的生活和關系的因素包括：做志愿工作，發(fā)起社區(qū)計劃和參與經濟事宜。）”可知，這里主要講怎樣提高改善社區(qū)生活和關系。而G選項“Goodcitizenshipliesintherecognitionthatmembersofacommunityworktogethertoimprovetheirlivesandtheirrelationshipwithoneanother.（好的公民身份在于認識到社區(qū)成員一起工作來改善他們相互間生活和關系。）”中“toimprovetheirlivesandtheirrelationshipwithoneanother”與后文中“towardimprovinglivesandrelationshipofacommunity”對應。故選G項?！?8題詳解】根據上文“agovernmentisestablishedtomanageinteractionamongcitizens,defineanindividual’srights,enforcetheserights,andmakesurejustcompensation(補償)isobtainedwhentheserightsarenotobeyed（政府建立是為了管理市民面的互動交流，定義個人權利，執(zhí)行這些權利并確保當這些權利不被遵守時將會獲得補償。）”可知，選項要說明公民的做法。而D選項“Inturn,thecitizenshandovertothegovernmentthepowersthatmaylimitsomefreedom.（反反過來，公民將可能限制某些自由的權力移交給政府。）theserights呼應powers。故選D項。【19題詳解】根據下文“Themostbasiccharacteristicisthemoraldutytorecognizetherightsofothers.（最基本的特點是認可別人權利的道德職責。）”可知，這句主要在講公民身份的基本特征。所以A選項“Therearemanycharacteristicsofgoodcitizenship.（好的公民身份有很多特征。）”切合語境，前后“characteristic”對應，與后文有總分關系。故選A項?！?0題詳解】根據上文“Therearemanycharacteristicsofgoodcitizenship（好的公民身份有很多特征。）”以及后文“Themostbasiccharacteristic”和“notherimportantcharacteristic”可知，前面都在講公民身份的特征。而C選項“Apartfromthesecharacteristics,agoodcitizenknowsandobeysthelawsoftheland.（除了這些特征，好的市民知道和遵守該地區(qū)的法律。）”中“partfromthesecharacteristics”由承上啟下作用，切合語境。故選C項?！军c睛】第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項?！癢ELCOMETOHELL,LADIES!”saysMr.Smith,the____21____oftheadultballetclass.Iforceasmileashepressesdownonmystiffback,attemptingtobealittlemore____22____.WhenIwasalittlegirl,I____23____elegantlydancingacrossthestageliketheSwanPrincess.Withseveralreasons,myhopesoftakingballetlessonswerekilled.Buteverysooften,usuallywhilewatchingabrilliantperformanceofSwanLake,thoselittle____24____ofunfulfilleddesirewouldspeakupandsaythatIshouldtakelessonsbeforeit’stoolate.AndhereIam—morethan50years—finally____25____foritI’manabsolute____26____,but30yearsolderthantherestoftheparticipantsintheadultclass.Wearepractising“portdebras,”aballettermforthe____27____ofthearms.Iflutter(揮動)myarms,awakeningmyinner____28____,“Yourhands,theylooklikeclawsofachicken,”Mr.Smith____29____,“Noonewantstolookatthat.It’sugly.”Hepointshisfingeratvariousbodypartswhile_____30_____givingfeedback,“Headup,necklong,chestproud,stomachin,backstraight,bottomtight.”Everytimehelooksatme,IinstantlyknowthatI’vemissedsomething.SoItakenoteofeverypreviousadjustmenttogainhisapproval.Afterafewsessions,Ifindmyselflookingforwardtotakingballetclasseswithamixofanxietyandexcitement.Betweenclasses,I_____31_____mypostureineverywindowIpass.I’m_____32_____.Myhandsarelessclaw-likeandmyposturealittlemorestraight.AndIconstantlyimagineI’monstage,holdingtheaudienceentirelyinmy_____33_____.Learningballetasanadulthasbeenamuchbigger_____34_____thanIexpected,butI’mgladthatItookactionandthatballetstill_____35_____tomeasitdidwhenIwasalittlegirl.21.A.leader B.instructor C.receptionist D.representative22.A.relaxed B.steady C.flexible D.comfortable23.A.setabout B.insistedon C.gaveup D.dreamedof24.A.misfortunes B.regrets C.complaints D.pressures25.A.longing B.competing C.struggling D.applying26.A.senior B.beginner C.amateur D.lover27.A.stretch B.shape C.function D.movement28.A.swan B.voice C.angel D.thought29.A.sighs B.reminds C.criticizes D.announces30.A.strictly B.hurriedly C.impatiently D.cautiously31.A.design B.check C.assess D.value32.A.progressing B.thinking C.succeeding D.waiting33.A.energy B.power C.strength D.force34.A.practice B.achievement C.campaign D.challenge35.A.appeals B.attends C.anticipates D.attaches【21~35題答案】【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.B25.C26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.A33.B34.D35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時候夢想著學芭蕾舞，但由于種種原因，沒能實現，雖然現在年紀大了，但為了不留遺憾，參加了芭蕾舞課，為了自己的夢想而努力，并取得了進步?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“歡迎來到地獄，女士們！”成人芭蕾舞班的老師史密斯先生說。A.leader領導；B.instructor教師，導師；C.receptionist接待員；D.representative代表。根據后文““Yourhands,theylooklikeclawsofachicken,”Mr.Smith…”可知，史密斯先生在對我們的動作進行指導，由此可知，他是芭蕾舞班的老師。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當他壓在我僵硬的背上時，我強顏歡笑，試圖變得更靈活一點。A.relaxed輕松的；B.steady穩(wěn)定的；C.flexible靈活的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據句中“hepressesdownonmystiffback”和后文“morethan50years”可知，我年紀已經很大了，身體僵硬，由此可知，當史密斯先生壓在我僵硬的背上時，我想讓身體更靈活一點。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：當我還是個小女孩的時候，我夢想著像天鵝公主一樣優(yōu)雅地在舞臺上跳舞。A.setabout開始，動手；B.insistedon堅持；C.gaveup放棄；D.dreamedof夢想。根據后文“Withseveralreasons,myhopesoftakingballetlessonswerekilled.”可知，由于種種原因，我上芭蕾舞課的希望破滅了，由此可知，我想上芭蕾舞課，因為我夢想著像天鵝公主一樣優(yōu)雅地在舞臺上跳舞。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但有時，通常在看《天鵝湖》的精彩表演時，那些對未實現的愿望的小小的遺憾會大聲地說，我應該趁現在還來得及的時候上課。A.misfortunes不幸；B.regrets遺憾；C.complaints抱怨；D.pressures壓力。根據上文“Withseveralreasons,myhopesoftakingballetlessonswerekilled.”可知，雖然我夢想著優(yōu)雅地在舞臺上跳舞，但由于種種原因，我沒有上芭蕾舞課，由此可知，這對我來說是小小的遺憾。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這里，50多年后，我終于為之奮斗。A.longing渴望；B.competing競爭；C.struggling奮斗，努力；D.applying申請。根據句中“AndhereIam”和文章內容可知，我開始上芭蕾舞課了，而跳芭蕾舞是我的夢想，由此可知，我在為夢想奮斗。故選C項。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個絕對的初學者，比成人班的其他學員大30歲。A.senior級別較高者；B.beginner初學者；C.amateur業(yè)余愛好者；D.lover愛好者。根據上文內容可知，作者小時候由于種種原因，沒有上芭蕾舞課，為了不留遺憾，直到現在才開始上課，由此可知，她是一個絕對的初學者。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們正在練習“portdebras”，這是一個芭蕾術語，用于表示手臂的運動。A.stretch舒展；B.shape形狀；C.function功能；D.movement運動。根據下文“Iflutter(揮動)myarms”可知，我揮動我的手臂，由此可知，“portdebras”是芭蕾舞中一個手臂的運動。故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我揮動手臂，喚醒內心的天鵝?！澳愕氖?，它們看起來像雞爪，”史密斯先生批評道，“沒人想看。它很難看。”A.swan天鵝；B.voice嗓音；C.angel天使；D.thought想法。根據文章內容可知，作者在學習芭蕾舞，再結合上文提到的“我夢想著像天鵝公主一樣優(yōu)雅地在舞臺上跳舞”可知，作者在模仿天鵝的動作，由此可知，她想喚醒內心的天鵝。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我揮動手臂，喚醒內心的天鵝?！澳愕氖郑鼈兛雌饋硐耠u爪，”史密斯先生批評道，“沒人想看。它很難看。”A.sighs嘆氣；B.reminds提醒；C.criticizes批評；D.announces宣布。根據史密斯先生的話“Yourhands,theylooklikeclawsofachicken”可知，他認為學員的手看起來像雞爪，由此可知，他在批評學員的動作。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他用手指指著身體的各個部位，同時嚴格地給出反饋，“抬頭，脖子伸長，挺胸，收腹，背部挺直，臀部繃緊?！盇.strictly嚴格地；B.hurriedly匆忙地；C.impatiently不耐煩地；D.cautiously謹慎地。根據句中“Headup,necklong,chestproud,stomachin,backstraight,bottomtight.”可知，史密斯先生讓學員“抬頭，脖子伸長，挺胸，收腹，背部挺直，臀部繃緊”，由此可知，他是嚴格地給出反饋。故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：課間，我在經過的每扇窗戶上都會檢查自己的姿勢。A.design設計；B.check檢查；C.assess評估；D.value珍視。根據句中“mypostureineverywindowIpass”可知，作者在學習芭蕾舞，她是看著窗戶中自己的身影，檢查自己的姿勢是否正確。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在進步。我的手不那么像爪子了，我的姿勢更直了一些。A.progressing進步；B.thinking思考；C.succeeding成功；D.waiting等待。根據句中Myhandsarelessclaw-likeandmyposturealittlemorestraight.”可知，我的手不那么像爪子了，我的姿勢更直了一些，由此可知，與之前相比，我正在進步。故選A項。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我經常想象我在舞臺上，使觀眾完全被我的力量所震撼。A.energy能量；B.power能力；C.strength力量；D.force武力。根據語境可知，這里指作者想象自己站在舞臺上跳舞，觀眾被自己的舞蹈所震撼，“holdsb.inone’spower”意為“使某人被……的力量所震撼。故選B項。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為成年人學習芭蕾舞的挑戰(zhàn)比我想象的要大得多，但我很高興我采取了行動，芭蕾舞仍然像我小時候一樣吸引著我。A.practice實踐；B.achievement成就；C.campaign運動；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據上文內容可知，因為年齡很大，作者身體僵硬，動作不夠靈活，由此可知，作為成年人學習芭蕾舞給作者帶來了很大挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為成年人學習芭蕾舞的挑戰(zhàn)比我想象的要大得多，但我很高興我采取了行動，芭蕾舞仍然像我小時候一樣吸引著我。A.appeals對……有吸引力；B.attends出席；C.anticipates預料；D.attaches把……固定。根據上文內容可知，當我還是個小女孩的時候，我夢想著像天鵝公主一樣優(yōu)雅地在舞臺上跳舞，由此可知，這里指芭蕾舞仍然像我小時候一樣吸引著我。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式.Acompany.InterstellarLabs,believestheyhavecreatedasystemthatcansolvethefoodproblemrelatedtofurtherspaceexploration.Theyhavedevelopedan____36____(advance)systemthatcangrowplantsanywhere,eveninspace.Theycalltheirgreenhousesmanagedbyartificialintelligence(Al)BioPods,which____37____(confirm)tobeverypracticalsofar.Infact.InterstellarLabssaysthatBioPodsreducetheamountoflandandwater____38____(need)toproducefoodby99percent.Thatisnot____39____impossiblething.BioPodsdon'tuseanysoiltogrowplants.____40____thevastmajorityofwaterthereisrecycledandrecirculated.PlantsaregrowninsideBioPodsusingthepracticeoffloatingplantsintheairand____41____(spray)amistofnutrient-richwaterontheirroots.Inthisway,theBioPodsyst