2023年中考英語(yǔ)新熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀-科技發(fā)展

2023年中考英語(yǔ)新熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀-科技發(fā)展

題型主要內(nèi)容

1閱讀理解介紹了應(yīng)用在北京2022年冬奧會(huì)上的高科技設(shè)備及給運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來(lái)的好處。

2閱讀理解介紹了嫦娥5號(hào)帶回了進(jìn)過(guò)太空環(huán)境誘變的種子，并介紹了相關(guān)的太空育種

知識(shí)。

3閱讀理解介紹了疫情期間，面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新，能夠通過(guò)眼睛來(lái)識(shí)別不同的人。

4閱讀理解介紹了仿生眼研究的情況和其發(fā)展前景，這一切都是為了使盲人能夠重新看

到世界。

5閱讀還原5選5介紹了北京冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)使用的一些高科技。

01

（2022廣西三模）TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicswerenotonlyasportingeventbut

alsoashowforscienceandtechnology.Hightechgear（設(shè)備）ishelpingathletesbecome'"faster,

higher,stronger^^.Lefslookatsome.

TheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalissaidtohave"thefastestice”,as12new

ThefastestOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere.Thesecretisnewice-making

icetechnology.Liquidcarbondioxide（液體二氧化碳）isputundertheicetokeep

temperaturechangesontheicesurfaceinhalfadegree.Thatkeepstheiceflat.

Ineventslikefreestyleskiing,skijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewind

canhaveabigeffectonanathlete'sperformance.AChineseresearchteam

“Seeing”

developsasystemtomeasure（測(cè)量）wind.ThesystemusesAItechnology.It

thewind

allowsathletesandcoachesto"see"windwithreal-timedataontheirpads,and

decidewhenandwheretojump.

AsCOVID-19canspreadthroughtheair,cleanairiskeytokeepingfans,

workersandathletessafeandhealthy.TheWinterOlympicsuselargeairpurifiers

Freshair

（凈化器）tocatchandkillbacteriaintheairandmakesurethatclosedvenues

alwayshavefreshair.

Awearablethermometer（溫度計(jì)）canmeasurethebodytemperaturesoffans

Smart

andathletes.Peoplecanwearitontheirupperarmstomonitor（監(jiān)測(cè)）their

“Band

temperatureinrealtime.Itwillsendawarningifsomebody'sbodytemperature

Aid”

goeshigherthan37.3degrees.

1.Howmanykindsofnewhigh-techgearsarementionedinthispassage?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

2.Whicheventisn'taffectedbythedirectionandspeedofthewindaccordingtothispassage?

A.FreestyleskiingB.CurlingC.RunningD.Skijumping

3.Whatdoestheunlinedword“bacteria"mean?

A.昆蟲(chóng)B.細(xì)菌C.植物D.灰塵

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Hightechgear（設(shè)備）ishelpingathletesbecome'"faster,higher,stronger^^.

B.Thesecretofsetting12newworldrecordsisanewice-makingtechnology.

C.WiththehelpofAItechnology,athletescan"see"thewind.

D.Thewearablethermometerwillsendawarningwhentemperatureishigherthan38.3degrees.

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Anewice-makingtechnologyhelpsathletesdobetter.

B.Largeairpurifierscanhelpfans,workersathleteskeephealthy.

C.Awearablethermometercanmeasurethebodytemperaturesofathletes.

D.High-techhelpathletesperformbetterattheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.

02

（2022湖北武漢匚模）Chang'e5completeditstasksuccessfullyin23days,notonlydidit

returnwithvaluablerockandsoilsamplesfromthemoon,butalsobroughtbackagroupofseeds

thattraveledthefurthestinChina.Morethan30kindsofseeds,includingthatofrice,oatsetc.,were

placedinsidetheChang'e5spacecraftandwentaroundthemoonforabout15days.

Scientistswishedtocheckwhatwouldhappentotheseedsafterthetask.Thistaskoffered

goodopportunitiestoscientists,whichhelpedthemtodeepentheirstudiesontheeffectofcosmic

rays（宇宙射線）onthegrowthanddevelopmentoflifeonEarth.

Space-basedmutationbreeding（太空誘變育種）referstotheprocessofplacingseedsinthe

environmentsuchasmicrogravity（微重力），vacuums（真空）andcosmicradiation（宇宙輻射）

duringaspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudyandplanting.Scientists

studyandexamineseveralgenerationsofplantsgrownfromseedswhichwentintothespaceand

studytheirchanges-somearedesirablewhileothersarebadandnegative.Thosewithgoodchanges

willbekeptforfurtherresearch,andwillbeintroducedtofarmersaftergettingpermission.

Spacebreeding（育種）canmaketheseedschangefasterthantheexperimentsontheearthand

canbringaboutsomewonderfulresults.Comparedwiththetraditionalmethods,space-developed

methodscanmaketheseedsgrowmuchbetter,suchashavingshortergrowthperiodsandhaving

morepowertofightagainstdiseasesandinsect.

Chinadiditsfirstspacebreedingexperimentin1987,usingasatellitetocarryseedsintospace.

Sincethen,hundredsofkindsofseedsandseedlingshavetraveledwithdozensofChinese

spaceships.Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsin

Chinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetablesandfruits.

TheChang'e5broughtback1,731gramsofmoon'srockandsoiltoEarth,showingahistoric

achievement44yearsafterthelastmoon'srockandsoilweretakenback.

6.WhyweretheseedsplacedinsideChang'e5?

A.Topickoutthebestseeds.

B.Tounderstandtheenvironmentofthespace.

C.Tostudythecosmicrays.

D.Toputtheminaspecialenvironment.

7.Theunderlinedword“desirable"inparagraph3isprobablyclosesttoinmeaning.

A.worseB.goodC.uselessD.correct

8.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Chang'e5flewaroundthemoonforabout23days.

B.Chinawasthefirsttodoaspacebreedingexperiment.

C.Itissometimesinceseedswerelasttakenintospace.

D.Spacebreedingisgoodforfanning.

9.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.

A.spacebreedingisthebestwaytodeveloptheseeds

B.Chinaisthefirstcountrytodospacebreedingexperiment

C.Chinawillspendmoretimeandenergyonspacebreeding

D.Chang'e5spacecraftwillflytothemoonagain

10.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Chang,e5ReturnswithaBigPackage

B.Space-bredSeedsOfferGreatChances

C.PlantMutationsResultinaBetterLife

D.SeedsfromSpaceShowaNewHistory

03

（2022河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模）Facial-recognitioncamerasareeverywhere-eveninyoursmart

phone.Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,ormakequick

payments.Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）：everyonewearsmasks.Whata

headache!

Scientistsaretryingtosolvethisproblem.Forexample,EngineeringandTechnology（E&T）

magazinereportsthatHanwang,atechcompanyinBeijing,hasmadeanewsystem.Itcanrecognize

鱗認(rèn)）95%ofpeoplewhentheywearmasks.

What'sthesecret?Ifsallaboutyoureyes.MariosSawidesfromCarnegieMellonUniversity

studiesfacial-recognition.Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaroundour

eyesdoesn't.Itstaysthesame-evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafrom

theareaofoureyes,thecamerascanrecognizeus.

Tech5isanotherfacial-recognitioncompany.TheSwisscompany'sproductsscan（掃描）the

shapeofyourface.Theyalsoscanyouriris,whichisthecoloredpartofyoureyes.Tech5hopesto

ignore（忽略）allofthefacebelowthenose.

Thiskindofsoftwareismoreimportantthanjustunlockingyourphone."Itcandiscover

criminals,evenwhentheywearmasks,9,saidHuangLeifromHanwang.Hanwang'stechnologyis

usedbyChinesepoliceinplaceslikesubwaystationsandairports.Similartechnologyisusedby

theUnitedStatesAirForce.

Huangpointedoutonebigweakness:itfailswhenpeoplewearbothamaskandsunglasses.

“Inthissituation,allofthekeyfacialinformationislost,"LeisaidtoE&T.

根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。

11.Atpresent,whatcanfacial-recognitiontechnologybeusedfor?

A.Takingphotos.B.Shuttingdoors.C.Payingforthings.D.Lockingsmart

phones.

12.Whichofthefollowingisapictureofamask?

A,自C（g）D.

13.Whatistheproblemwiththistechnologyduringtheepidemic?

A.Itdoesn'tworkwhenpeoplewearmasks.B.Itcausestroubletopeople'sfaces.

C.Itbringspeopleheadachesallthetime.D.Itgivespersonalinformationtothebad.

14.Whyareeyesthekeytosolvingrecognitionproblems?

A.Becauseeyesnevergetold.

B.Becauseeyeshavebrightcolors.

C.Becausetheareaaroundoureyesdoesn'tchange.

D.Becauseeyescanstorethepeople'skeyinformation.

15.Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Itisallabouteyes.B.Itisasafeway.

C.Facialinformationisimportant.D.Facial-recognitionisarisk.

04

Therearemillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworldwhoareeitherbomblindorhavebecome

blindoverthecourseoftheirlifetime.Itisunfairtotakeawaythevisual（視覺(jué)的）beautyofthe

worldfromthesepeople.DoctorHumayunhascreatedtheworld'sfirstbionic（仿生學(xué)的）eyethat

couldchangethelifeofeveryblindpeopleintheworld.

DoctorMarkHumayunisawellrespectedprofessorattheDohenyEyeInstituteCalifornia.

Hehasbeenworkingforyearsoncreatingabioniceyethatwouldallowblindpeopletoseeimages

justlikeanormalpersondoes.Thebioniceyeisactuallyaneyethathasbeenbuiltinasmallvideo

camera.

Thetestresultsshowthebioniceyehasgivenblindpatientstheamazingabilitytoseethe

scientistsdoingthetests.Buttheimagesarestillblurry（模糊的）andweneedmuchworkbefore

theeyeactuallybecomesaregularimplant（植入物）intoblindpeople.Humayunbelievesthathe

cangointoproductionwiththebioniceyeoverthenextthreetofiveyears.

Acloserlookatthebioniceyeisamazing.Thepatientwearsaspecialsetofeyeglasses.All

thesignalsarepassedtotheimplantedeye.Ifsdonebywirelesstechnology.Humayunhascreated

aninventionthatcouldchangethelivesofmillionsofpeople.Imagineaworldinwhichsomeone

wouldnolongerhavetofearaboutbeingblind.Thiscouldbeconsideredatechnological

achievement.

16.Thewriterthinksthelifeofblindpeopleisforthem.

A.easyB.unfairC.busyD.different

17.DoctorMarkHumayuniswellrespectedbecause.

A.hehasbeenworkingonasmallvideocameraB.heisaprofessorofafamousuniversity

C.heinventedavideocamerafortheblindD.hedevotedhimselftomakingtheblindsee

again

18.ThebioniceyecreatedbyMarkHumayunatpresent.

A.canhelptheblindtoseethepeopledoingthetestsB.hasbeenatotalsuccessduringtheuse

C.canbeplantedintotheblindpeople'seyeD.looksmuchlikethenormalpeople'seye

19.ItwilltakeDoctorMarkHumayuntoproducethebioniceyeinlargenumbers.

A.morethaneightyearsB.morethanfiveyears

C.threetofiveyearsD.lessthanthreeyears

20.Thispassagemainlytellsus

A.thelifeofblindpeoplehaschangedB.MarkHumayunbecomesfamous

C.therewillbenoblindinthefutureD.atechnologicalstudyfortheblind

05

（2022遼寧鞍山中考真題）閱讀短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選擇合適的句子還原到短文中，

使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicGamesweremorethanasportingevent.21They

arehelpingathletes（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）become“faster,higher,stronger“andofferingyouagreatgame-

watchingexperiencewiththesupportof5G.LefslookatsometechnologiesbehindtheBeijing

2022WinterOlympicGames.TheNationalSpeedSkatingOval（國(guó)家速滑館）issaidtohave"the

fastestice”,astwelvenewOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere,includingChinese

speedskaterGaoTingyu'sOlympicrecordof34.32secondsinthemen's500meters.

22Iftheicesurfacetemperaturedoesn'tchangemuch,theicewillstayevenflatter

（平滑的）.Liquidcarbondioxide（液體二氧化碳）isputundertheicetokeepthetemperature

changesontheicesurfacewithinhalfadegree.23

Ineventslikefreestyleskiingandskijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewindcanhavea

greatinfluenceonanathlete?sperformance.Someeventsonlylastafewsecondsandthewindis

changingallthetime.AresearchteamfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences（中國(guó)科學(xué)院）

developedasystemtomeasurewind.24Itallowsathletesandcoachesto"see"wind

directlywithreal-timedata（數(shù)據(jù)）ontheirpads（便攜式電腦）anddecidewhenandwhereto

jump.

Duringthespeedskatingrace,athletescanreachspeedsofupto18meterspersecond.Tocatch

everyexcitingmomentofthecompetition,wehaveusedLieBaofortheevent.LieBaoisa4K

high-definition（高清）camerasystemdevelopedbyChinaMedia（媒體的）Group.25

Itcloselyfollowstheathletes5movementsandcatchesdifferentscenesduringspeedskating,

accordingtothereport.

A.ThesystemusesAItechnology.

B.Theywerealsoashowforscienceandtechnology.

C.Thesecretisanewice-makingtechnology.

D.Itcanrecordspeedsofupto25meterspersecond.

E.Thatkeepstheiceaflatsurfaceanditiseasiertoskateon.

參考答案：

1.D2.C3.B4.D5,D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了應(yīng)用在北京2022年冬奧會(huì)上的高科技設(shè)備及給運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來(lái)的好處。

L細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的四個(gè)小標(biāo)題可知，共介紹了四種高科技設(shè)備。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Ineventslikefreestyleskiing,skijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthe

windcanhaveabigeffectonanathlete'sperformance.pf知“Freestyleskiing"和"Skijumping”是

受風(fēng)向和風(fēng)速影響的。剩余兩項(xiàng)冰壺”和跑步”結(jié)合常識(shí)可判斷冬奧會(huì)項(xiàng)目冰壺”也會(huì)受影

響。故選C。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"AsCOVID-19canspreadthroughtheair,cleanairiskeytokeepingfans,

workersandathletessafbandhealthy.''結(jié)合前面搭配的動(dòng)詞"kill”可猜測(cè)，此處“bacteria”是細(xì)

菌”的含義。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Itwillsendawarningifsomebody'sbodytemperaturegoeshigherthan

37.3degrees.”可知,體溫超過(guò)37.3度就會(huì)報(bào)警。故選D。

5.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了高科技設(shè)備應(yīng)用在冬奧會(huì)中對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員

的影響，因此D選項(xiàng)"High-techhelpathletesperformbetterattheBeijing2022WinterOlympics^^

可作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。

6.D7,B8.D9.C10.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，本文主要介紹了嫦娥5號(hào)帶回了進(jìn)過(guò)太空環(huán)境誘變的種子，并

介紹了相關(guān)的太空育種知識(shí)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Space-basedmutationbreeding（太空誘變育種）referstotheprocessof

placingseedsintheenvironmentsuchasmicrogravity（微重力），vacuums（真空）andcosmic

radiation（宇宙輻射）duringaspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudyand

planting.”可知，科學(xué)家們希望進(jìn)行太空誘變育種。所以是將種子放置在特殊的環(huán)境中，故選

Do

7.詞義猜測(cè)題o根據(jù)“studytheirchanges-somearedesirablewhileothersarebadandnegative.^^

可知，而另一些是壞的和消極的，所以這些是好的，劃線單詞意思與good同義好的”，故

選B。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutated

plantsinChinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetables

andfruits."可知，太空養(yǎng)殖有利于農(nóng)業(yè)。故選D。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutated

plantsinChinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetables

andfruits."可知，太空養(yǎng)殖有利于農(nóng)業(yè)。中國(guó)將在太空育種上投入更多的時(shí)間和精力。故選

Co

10.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了嫦娥5號(hào)帶回了進(jìn)過(guò)太空環(huán)境誘變的種子，并介紹了相關(guān)

的太空育種知識(shí)，選項(xiàng)B“太空培育的種子提供了很好的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。

11.C12.C13.A14.C15.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了疫情期間，面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新，能夠通過(guò)眼睛來(lái)

識(shí)別不同的人。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,

ormakequickpayments.”可知，目前，人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)可以用于買(mǎi)東西付款。故選C。

12.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前句“Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）'可猜測(cè)出，后句

應(yīng)是：每個(gè)人都戴著口罩，故下劃線單詞“masks”的意思應(yīng)是句罩"，結(jié)合圖畫(huà)可知，應(yīng)是C

項(xiàng)。故選C。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）：everyonewears

masks.Whataheadache!”可推理出,在疫情期間，當(dāng)人們戴口罩時(shí)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)不起作用了。

故選Ao

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaround

oureyesdoesn't.Itstaysthesame~~evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafrom

theareaofoureyes,thecamerascanrecognizeus.”可知，眼睛是解決識(shí)別問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是因?yàn)槲?/p>

們眼睛周?chē)膮^(qū)域不會(huì)改變。故選C。

15.最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文可知，短文主要介紹了疫情期間，面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新，能夠通過(guò)

眼睛來(lái)識(shí)別不同的人。故文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是關(guān)于眼睛的面部識(shí)別軟件”。故選A。

16.B17.D18.A19.C20.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了仿生眼研究的情況和其發(fā)展前景，這一切都是為了使盲人能夠重新看到

世界。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itisunfairtotakeawaythevisual（視覺(jué)的）beautyoftheworldfromthese

people.”可知作者認(rèn)為對(duì)盲人來(lái)說(shuō)看不到美麗的世界是不公平的。故選B。