用還原法解決定語從句難題

用“還原法”解決定語從句的難題定語從句原本就是一個(gè)完整的句子，用個(gè)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)而成為從句。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代此和關(guān)系副詞要位于從句的開頭，改變了原來句子的結(jié)構(gòu)的順序，常常會(huì)給定語從句的使用和理解造成困難。用“還原法”將定語從句還原成原來的獨(dú)立句子往往可以簡(jiǎn)化難點(diǎn)，使問題變得容易。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選擇和which前的介詞的選擇是中學(xué)生英語中定語從句內(nèi)容的重難點(diǎn)，本文僅在這兩個(gè)方面向讀者演示“還原法”的使用，希望對(duì)讀者在解決類似問題時(shí)有些幫助。一、是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？眾所周知，關(guān)系代詞替代先行名詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或定語；關(guān)系副詞替代“介詞+先行名詞”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。據(jù)此，在還原的句子里，通過分析句子的構(gòu)成，可以容易地?cái)喽ㄏ刃性~在句子中的作用，從而使用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。如：1.

Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.until

B.that

C.when

D.where定語從句還原為：InthehoursIwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.故選when作時(shí)間狀語。2.

Thehours_____thechildrenspendntheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyafecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.A.that

B.when

C.inwhich

D.onwhich

定語從句還原為：Thechildrenspendthehoursintheirone-wayrelatioshipwithtelevisionpeople.先行詞thehours在這里作spend及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞that。3.

Wearelivinginanage_____manythingsaredoneoncomputers.A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.when

定語從句還原為：Inthisagemanythingsaredoneoncomputers.故選when表達(dá)inthiscage義，作時(shí)間狀語。4.

Anyway,thatevening,_______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.when

B.where

C.what

D.which定語從句還原為:I’lltellyoumoreaboutthateveninglater.先行詞在這里作介詞about的賓語，故選which。5.

Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace_______,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.which

B.where

C.there

D.what定語從句還原為:Intheplaceeatingisperformedquickly.故選where作地點(diǎn)狀語。其中的justasthenamesuggests是為了增加難度而設(shè)的，應(yīng)去不作考慮。6.

York,_______lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisited

B.whichIvisited

C.whereIvisited

D.inwhichIvisited

定語從句還原為:IvisitedYorklastyear.先行詞在這里作及物動(dòng)詞visited的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。7.

York,______westayedfortwomonthslastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.when定語從句還原為:先行詞york在這里與in一起作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用C.where。另亦可用inwhich。8.

Isthisthereason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplained

B.whatheexplained

C.howheexplained

D.whyheexplained還原定語從句成：Heexplainedthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.先行詞thereason在這里作賓語，因而要用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。而關(guān)系代詞作賓語被省略，故選A。9.

Isthisthereason______hedidn’tattendthemeeting?A.onwhich

B.why

C.where

D.which還原定語從句成：Hedidn’tattendthemeetingforthereason.先行詞thereason與介詞for結(jié)合，作原因狀語，故選why表達(dá)forthereason義。另亦可用forwhich。10.

Asian-Americans,_______populationisincreasingrapidly,willbecomeanimportantminorityintheUSA.A.whose

B.who

C.its

D.their定語從句還原為:Asian-Americans’populationisincreasingrapidly.先行詞Asian-americans在這里用所有格作定語，故選whose表達(dá)Asian-Americans’義，作定語。二、用什么介詞？當(dāng)“介詞+which”放在定語從句首位時(shí)，會(huì)給介詞的確定或其它方面問題造成困難。把定語從句還原為獨(dú)立的句子、使介詞回歸原位后問題往往能迎刃而解。1.

Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmap,_____whichwewouldhavelostourway.A.with

B.without

C.for

D.on定語從句還原為：Wewouldhavelostourway_____theroadmap.根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該用without。2.

Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.who

B.as

C.aboutwhich

D.withwhom定語從句還原為：Theycantalk____themfrequently.根據(jù)句意用with才對(duì)。3.

Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhich

B.duringwhich

C.fromwhich

D.forwhich定語從句還原為：Thesailingtimeiftheninemonthswas226days.根據(jù)此句容易看出用ofwhich正確。4.

Thewrongyou’vedonehimisaterrible,____whichyoushouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink.A.for

B.at

C.in

D.to定語從句還原為：Youshouldmakeanapologytohimforthewrong,Ithink.5.

CarolsaidthattheworkwouldbewelldonebytheendofOctober,_____personallyIwonderedcompletely.A.which

B.atwhich

C.inwhich

D.aboutwhich

定語從句還原為：PersonallyIwondered______itcompletely.要用at與wonder搭配，故選B。6.

LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,____gettingwaterisnottheleast..A.as

B.forwhich

C.ofwhich

D.whose定語從句還原為：Gettingwaterisnottheleastoftheproblems.

顯然應(yīng)選C。7．LiuXiangwonagoldmedalinthe2004AthensOlympics,_____whichallChinesefeelproud.

A.for

B.of

C.at

D.on定語從句還原為：Allchinesefeelproudofit.要用of與proud搭配，故選B正確。練習(xí)：1.

Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_____othervisitorsseldomgo.A.what

B.which

C.where

D.when2.Therearedirtymarksonhertrousers_______shehadwipedherhands.

A.where

B.which

C.when

D.that3.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_______heislikelytolosecontroloertheplane.

A.where

B.which

C.while

D.why4.Icanthinkofmanycases________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.

A.why

B.which

C.as

D.where5.Iworkinabusiness_______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.

A.how

B.which

C.where

D.that6.Doyouthinkthereason_______hegaveisbelievable?

A.forwhich

B.which

C.why

D.what7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatinetreachesthepoint___