2025年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：構(gòu)詞法（講練）（原卷版）

專題05構(gòu)詞法

????

詞類的構(gòu)成考點主要分布在語法填空中，懂得詞類的構(gòu)成對我們平時學(xué)習(xí)英語幫助極大。

—k真題研析?規(guī)律探尋

1.(江蘇泰州)Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isworld's(one)citytohostOlympicGamestwice.

【答案】first

【解析】句意：中國首都北京是世界上第一個兩次舉辦奧運會的城市。根據(jù)"citytohostOlympicGamestwice”可

知，此處是指第一個兩次舉辦奧運會的城市，表示順序用序數(shù)詞first“第一”。故填first。

2.(江蘇泰州)Withthe(develop)ofthesociety,moreandmorepeopledevotetheirenergytocharity.

【答案】development

【解析】句意：隨著社會的發(fā)展，越來越多的人將精力投入到慈善事業(yè)中?？崭裎挥凇皌he”和“of，之間，用名詞形

式development"發(fā)展"，固定短語withthedevelopmentof，隨著...的發(fā)展故填developmento

3.(2023?江蘇泰州)Audiobooks(有聲讀物)aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing

(rapid).

【答案】rapidly

【解析】句意：有聲讀物是如此受歡迎，聽眾的數(shù)量正在增加。此處在句中修飾動詞，用副詞形式，故填rapidly。

(2023?深圳一模)

HowmuchdoyouknowaboutWushu?Wushu,alsoknownasmartialarts,isoneoftheearliest36(sport)in

China.Itusesbothbodyandbrain.Whafsmore,Wushuisanoutstandingexampleof37(tradition)Chinese

culture.Itcanexplain38Chinesepeopleunderstandtheworld.Overitslonghistory,Wushu39(develop)

intoaspecialunityofexercise,sei住protectionandart.

Asasportand40artisticform,WushuwinsgreatpopularityinChina.InShenzhen,someschoolshaveWushu

classesforkids.Everytraining41(require)studentstotakeitseriously.Onlybytraininghardcantheybuildup

42(they)bodiesandmeetthechallengesinthefuture.

Asacompetitivesportwithgreatfitnessvalue,Wushuhasspread43(wide)acrosstheworld.BruceLeehelped

makeWushuworld-famous.Thankstohim,theword"kungfii“appearedinmanyforeignlanguagedictionaries.Many

ChinesehavesetupWushuschoolsoutsideChina,providingpeople44thechancetoexperiencethefantastic

sport.DuringtheHangzhouAsianGamesin2023,morepeoplewereable45(enjoy)thebeautyofWushu.

【答案】36.sports37.traditional38.how39.hasdeveloped40.an41.requires

42.their43.widely44.with45.toenjoy

37題和43題都是詞形變化題

37.句意：更重要的是，武術(shù)是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的杰出代表。此處修飾名詞短語Chineseculture,用形容詞

traditional“傳統(tǒng)的"，作定語。故填traditional。

43.句意：武術(shù)作為一項極具健身價值的競技體育項目，在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛傳播。此處修飾動詞hasspread,用副

詞形式。故填widely。

?核心提煉?考向探究

（一）合成法

由兩個或多個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法，合成的詞叫作合成詞。初中階段最常見

的合成詞是名詞，如：

homework作業(yè)notebook筆記本schoolbag書包basketball籃球

football足球playground操場birthday生日postcard明信片

weekend周末bathroom浴室bedroom臥室classroom教室

fireman消防員policeman警察postman郵遞員rainbow彩虹

spaceship宇宙飛船spacesuit宇航服snowman雪人gentleman紳士

其他常用的合成詞：

everyday每天的hard-working努力的online在線的outdoors在戶外

outside在外面anybody/anyone任何人anything任何事（物）anywhere任何地方

everybody/everyone每個人everything所有事（物）everywhere處處somebody/someone某人

something某事（物）somewhere某處nobody沒人nothing沒有事（物）nowhere無處

（二）派生法

由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫作派生法。

1.前綴：通常變詞義，不變詞性

常用的前綴示例

dis.表示否定、相反或相對，agree同意—disagree不同意appear出現(xiàn)—disappear消失

可用在動詞、名詞、形容詞like喜歡—dislike不喜歡advantage優(yōu)點一disadvantage缺點

刖honest誠實的—dishonest不誠實的

happy開心的一unhappy不開心的healthy健康的一unhealthy不健康的

un-,im-?in-,ir-,il-表示否polite禮貌的一impolite不禮貌的possible可能的—impossible不可能的

定意義，多用于形容詞前correct正確的—incorrect不正確的regular規(guī)貝!J的—irregular不規(guī)則的

legal合法的—illegal不合法的

re-表示“重新；再”，用在動build建造一rebuild重建cycle循環(huán)―recycle再循環(huán)

詞前view觀察一review復(fù)習(xí)

2.后綴：通常變詞性

（1）常用的形容詞后綴

常用的形容詞后綴示例

accept接受—acceptable可接受的drink喝；飲一drinkable可飲用的

-able（n./v.一〃的.）表示“可

comfort舒適-comfortable舒服的fashion時尚一fashionable流行的

以……的；顯示……性質(zhì)”

value價值-valuable寶貴的

-ful(n.—adj)表示“充beauty美麗一beautifiil美麗的cheer快樂—cheerfiil快樂的

滿……的”success成功-successfid成功的harm傷害—harmftd有害的

-less(n.—adj.)表示“沒care謹慎-careless粗心的home家一homeless無家可歸的

有……的”life生命—lifeless無生命的help幫助一helpless無助的

-ous(n.一■adj)表z5danger危險—dangerous危險的fame名聲-famous有名的

“有……性質(zhì)的”humor幽默-humorous幽默的

-y（n.一。祝）表示"有...cloud云—cloudy多云的rain雨—rainy下雨的

特征的”health健康-healthy健康的

-ly（n.一4的.）表示“有...friend朋友一fHendly友好的love愛―lovely可愛的

性質(zhì)的”day一天一daily每天的

-ing/-ed(v.—adj.)表示surprise吃驚—surprising令人吃驚的；surprised感到驚訝的

“有……特征的”relax放松-relaxing令人輕松的；relaxed放松的，自在的

fool傻瓜-foolish愚蠢的attract吸引—attractive有吸引力的

其他形式:-ish,-ive,-en,

gold金子—golden金的south南方—southern南方的tradition傳統(tǒng)一traditional

-em,-al等

傳統(tǒng)的

（2）常用的名詞后綴

常用的名詞后綴示例

drive駕駛一driver司機work工作—worker工人

-er/or(v.—n.)

sing唱歌一singer歌手speak說話一speaker發(fā)言者；揚聲器

表示人或物

cook烹飪—cooker爐具contain容納-container容器

invent發(fā)明一inventor發(fā)明家visit參觀-visitor游客

act行動一action行動invent發(fā)明—invention發(fā)明

-tion(v.一〃.)

pollute污染一pollution污染introduce介紹—introduction介紹

表示行為或結(jié)果

celebrate慶?！猚elebration慶祝invite邀請一invitation邀請

agree同意—agreement同意develop發(fā)展—development發(fā)展

-ment(v.—n.)

achieve取得成就—achievement成就announce宣布一announcement公告

表示行為或結(jié)果

advertise做廣告一advertisement廣告

-ness(adj.—n.)happy幸福的—happiness幸福sad悲傷的一sadness悲傷

表本性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)ill生病的—illness疾病

-dom(adj./n.―n.)free自由的—freedom自由wise睿智的—wisdom智慧

表示狀況、領(lǐng)域king國王一kingdom王國

dead死的一death死亡true真實的一truth真相

safe安全的—safety安全difficult困難的一difficulty困難

其他形式：-th,-ty,-ence,

different不同的一difference差別important重要的—importance重要性

-ance,-hood,-ist,-ian,-an,

child小孩—childhood童年science科學(xué)—scientist科學(xué)家

-ese等

music音樂一musician音樂家Africa非洲-AfHcan非洲人

China中國一Chinese中國人

(3)常用的動詞后綴

常用的動詞后綴示例

-ize(n./adj.一u)apology道歉一apologize道歉

表示“使……成為；使……化”memory記憶一memorize記住real真的一realize認識至U

-fy(n./adj.—>v.)beauty美一beautify美化

表示“使……成為；使……進入狀態(tài)”simple簡單的一simplify簡化

-en(n./adj.一v.)表示“使...”fright恐怖—fHghten使驚恐short短的一shorten縮短

(4)常用的副詞后綴

常用的副詞后綴示例

-ly(adj.—adv.)careful小心的一careftdly謹慎地

表示方式、程度angry生氣的一angrily生氣地

-ward(s)(adv.—adv.)to朝；向一toward(s)朝著

表示“向……”fore在前面一fbrward(s)向前

(5)常用的數(shù)詞后綴

常用的數(shù)詞后綴示例

-teen表示“十幾”six六一sixteen十六

-ty表示“整十位數(shù)”six六一sixty六十

-th表示“序數(shù)詞”six六一sixth第六

（三）轉(zhuǎn)化法

一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。

常見的轉(zhuǎn)化示例

walkv.走路；步行一walk九散步

動詞一名詞Iusuallywalkhomeafterwork.我通常下班后步行回家。

Lefsgooutforawalk,我們?nèi)ネ饷嫔⑸⒉桨伞?/p>

milk機牛奶一milkv.擠奶

名詞一＞動詞Wouldyoulikemilkinyourcoffee?你想要咖啡里加奶嗎？

Tomhelpedhismothermilkthecow.湯姆幫媽媽給牛擠奶。

dryadj.干燥的一dry”弄干

形容詞一動詞Ifshotanddryhereinsummer.這里的夏季炎熱干燥。

Usethetoweltodryyourhands.用這條毛巾把手擦干。

?題型特訓(xùn)?命題預(yù)測

一、單項選擇

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedinthesamewayas“impolite”?

A.blackboardB.uncertainC.chairpersonD.earthquake

2.Weformanewword""inadifferentwayfromtheotherthree.

A.firefighterB.noticeboardC.impatientD.greenhouse

3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedthesamewayas"housework”?

A.instructionB.uncertainC.cheerfulD.chairperson

4.Wecanaddprefix"im-"tothefollowingwordstoformnewwordswiththeoppositemeaning.

A.honestB.correctC.commonD.partial

5.Wecanputtheprefix"un"beforethefollowingwordstogivethemtheoppositemeaningEXCEPT

A.activeB.certainC.importantD.finished

6.Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentprefixtomakeithaveanoppositemeaning?

A.possibleB.politeC.correctD.patient

7.”ShouldyouthfUlheadsinvainturngrey.wewouldregretforaye."

TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.

Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“youthftd”?

A.disappearB.dangerousC.footprintD.impossible

8.Anadultpanda100-150kilograms.Thatistosay,itsis100-150kilograms.

A.weight;weightB.weighs;weighsC.weight;weighD.weighs;weight

9.Heworkshardandisoften.Ihopehewillhavemoreathisbusiness.

A.successful;successB.success;successfulC.successfully;successfulD.successful;successful

10.一Whatyou,dad?

一Iwasthatthedogcoulddosomanyusefulthingsforthedisabled.

A.surprised;surprisedB.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprisingD.surprising;surprise

二、用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.Hehithishand(heavy)againstthewall.

2.一Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.

一Ifs(possible)tosleepwithallthatnoise.

3.1askedhimtohelpmebuthe(agree).

4.Someinsectsareandweshouldtrynottokillthem,(harm)

5.Therearemanyforeign(visit)inourschooltoday.

6.It'sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishwithgreat.(patient)

7.Poorlittlegirl!Itisforhertosuffersomuch.Lefsgiveherahand.(fair)

8.Ifwedon,ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests,theywillsoon.(appear)

9.Mozartwasafamous(music)intheworld.

10.LiJunwas(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.

11.Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe(discuss).

12.Hismotherisanurseandhisfatherisa(manage).

13.Themanfoundhimself(able)towalkandfelthopeless.

14.Amyisa(n)(usual)womanfromAmerica.Sheisafamousartistnow.

15.Ifs(pleasant)toseesomuchsmoginthesky.

16.1wanttobeafiremaninthefuture,butmyparents(agree).Theywantmetobecomeadoctor.

17.Thereisalotof(pollute)inthisriver.

18.Theyarejustkidding.Don'ttakeit(serious).

19.Shethinksagoodfriendmustknowher(true).

20.Heinventedamachinetopeopleinwheelchairstogoupthestairs,(able)

21.Asweallknow,thinkingisreallyimportanttostudents,(dependent)

22.Most(west)peoplelikeeatingfastfood.

23.Howthosepeopledeeplyinfluencedbywarswishtolive(peace)!

24.Myfatherkeepsdiariestorememberhis(day)life.

25.Itwas(sun)yesterday,butthereismuchraintoday.

26.Youcanfindthose(climb)namesonthehomepageofourclub.

27.Alotof(art)performplays,concertsandoperasthere.

28.Therearefourgirlsintheshop.(Germany)

29.Sheworks(careful)inherschool.

30.1knowheis(aware)ofhismistakebecausehestillactsinthesameoldway.

31.Weallliveinaplace—theEarth.(beauty)

32.Noonewaswillingtohelptheoldmanandhefelt(help).

33.Someoneissingingatthebackofthehall.(loud)

34.—AreyouabletofixtheTVMike?

—No,I'm(certainly)thatIcandoitmyself.

35.Whenyoumakea(decide),youmustbecareful.

36.Your(suggest)isofgreatvalueandisreallyworthtaking.Thankyousomuch!

37.Hewastiredoutthathefoundhimself(able)tomoveoutofthehotel.

38.Becauseofthewolf,everyoneinthetownisfeeling.(easy)

39.Hewrotelotsofbooksforyoungpeople.(science)

40.1havegotaheadache,soIfeel(comfortable)now.

41.Maryisan(Australia)girl,sosheknowsalotaboutkoalas.

42.Allthedriversmustremember(safe)isfirst.

43.Hedidn'tact(normal)yesterdayandhehadfewwordsthewholeafternoon.

44.Weshouldhelpthe(able)people.Lifeishardforthem.

45.WhenIhelpothers,Ihaveastrong(feel)ofsatisfaction.

46.Thanksverymuchforyour(kind).

47.Thanksforyour(invite),butIdon'thavetimetotheparty.

48.Hecookedthesoupbyputtingintoomuch.(salty)

49.Thetiredstudentsarrivedatthecampsite.(final)

50.Weoftenseesomepeopleinthestreetinsomepoorcountries.(home)

51.MytriptotheUKis(education).

52.Heshoutedatagirl.How(polite)hewas!

53.Thetwo(travel)weretrapped(被困)onthemountainbytheterriblestorm.

54.Sheisanexcellent(cooker).Welikeherdishesverymuch.

55.WherecanlearnmoreabouttheWestLakeinHangzhou?(tour)

56.Thesaysguestsshouldweareveningdresstotheparty.(invite)

57.Thiswasavery(use)lessonfbrher.

58.His(ill)wasmoreseriousthanthedoctorfirstthought.

59.Look!HowKateislaughing!(happy)

60.Thelittlegirl'sfaceturnedredbecauseofher.(shy)

61.Ifsverytoplaythesocceronthestreet,(danger)

62.Therewerenotmanypeopleinthesupermarket,soitwas.(crowd)

63.LiMinggoestoseehisgrandparentsata(fix)dateeverymonth..

64.1can'tunderstandthe(mean)ofallthenewwords.

65.MsZhangisourEnglish(teach).She(teach)uswell.

66.Weweretouchedbytheofthewelcome,(warm)

67.Thetwoboysliketowritestoriesandwanttobe(report)

68.Theweatherwas(fair)finesowecouldgocampingyesterday.

69.Theofthatbridgeisover200metres.(long)

70.MysisterfeltsosadtofindthatitwastocleanherfavouriteT-shirt,(hope)

71.(lucky)becausewedidn'tpassthemathtestyesterday.

72.Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillbe(success).

73.Parentsoftenfeel(help),knowingthatalltheeffortswon'timprovetheirchild'sstudy.

74.(sudden)Alicefellintoaholeinthegroundyesterday.

75.Many(visit)cametothehometownofthegreatmanduringthevacation.

76.Alltheseinterestingexperimentscanourknowledge,(wide)

77.Manystudentsget(sleep)afteradayofclasses.

78.Theywentintothebedroom(quiet).

79.Themeasureisnot(suit)forthefarmers.

80.It'scoolandsunnytoday.Ifsa(relax)day.

81.Shelikesverymuchandshewantstobean(art).

82.Theredboxisthe(heavy)ofthefive.

83.Manypeopleknowthatthezipperisagreat(invent)inourdailylife.

84.Atruefriendcanhelpyougetoutof(sad)whenyou'reunhappy.

85.Manypopstarsdislikebeingasked(person)questionsinpublic.

86.Jim'sEnglishmagazineisn'tas(interest)asthatone.

87.Youshouldmakeanapologytoherforyour(careless).

88.1thinkfriendshipismuch(value)thanmoney.

89.Pandaiskindof(love)animal,Ilikeitverymuch.

90.Itistoeatlotsofchocolatebeforethemainmeals,(health)

91.Hepractices(care)thisweekthanlastweek.

92.WuJingisawell-known(direct).Heispopularamongfilmlovers.

93.Tomydisappointment,thenewmovieisso(meaning).

94.Pleasemakea(decide)tochoosewhichoneisthebest.

95.Theplanisnotanew(discover),ifsbeenknownforyears.

96.Itwillbeagood(choose)totakethehigh-speedtraintoYanchengfromSuqiannextyear.

97.Everychildwantstobethe(proud)oftheirparents.

98.Ifyoudon'thaveadeeploveforsomething,don'tbe(satisfy)untilyoufindone.

99.Wildanimalswhicharenowindangerneedour(protect).

100.Themanisstillan(know)writer,butheissuretobefamous.

101.Nothingisawasteifwehavea(create)mind.

102.Theteachertoldustopayattentionto(spell)Englishwords.

103.Eachofusspokeatthemeeting(active).

104?His(know)ofEnglishisverylimited.

105.Everyoneisbomwiththetolearn,(able)

106.Withthehelpoftheteacher,therehasbeenagreatinherspokenEnglish,(improve)

107.Wouldyoutellmethe(pronounce)ofthenewword?

108.Youcan'tloseyourwithher;instead,youshouldbewithher.(patient)

109.TheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportant(tradition)festivalsinChina.

110.TheStoryofWhiteSnakeissothatallofusare.(touch)

111.The(die)ofTom'spetmadehimrathersad.

112.Thegametellschildrenthe(important)ofsharingloveandjoy.

113.Whafstheofdoingthat?Heisnotsogenerous,heisaman.(mean)

114.Theboylaughed(excite)afterheheardthegoodnews.

115.Englishisdifficultforme.Canyougivemesome?(suggest)

116.This5-year-oldboyhassuchagoodsenseof(direct)thathenevergetslost.

117.Myteacherpointedoutthewrongchoiceofinmycomposition,(express)

118.TheUKisanoldcountry,wheretherearemanypalacesandcastles.(Europe)

119.Chinaisancountry,andwecomefrom.(Asia)

12O.The(local)oftheJoyCityisverygood.ItisclosetotheWildGoosePagoda.

121.Thehotelhadagreat(celebrate)foritsopening.

122.