2022-2023學年湖南省長沙市雨花區(qū)某中學高三（上）第三次月考英語試卷（附答案詳解）

2022.2023學年湖南省長沙市雨花區(qū)雅禮中學高三（上）第三次

月考英語試卷

A

SinceearlyMay2022,casesofmonkeypox（猴痘）havebeenreportedfromcountrieswherethedisease

isnotcndcmic（地方性流行的），andcontinuetobereportedinseveralendemiccountries.Mostconfirmed

caseswithtravelhistoryreportedtraveltocountriesinEuropeandNorthAmerica,ratherthanWestor

CentralAfricawherethemonkeypoxvirusisendemic.Thisisthefirsttimethatmanymonkeypoxcases

andclustershavebeenreportedconcurrentlyinnon-endemicandendemiccountriesinwidelydisparate

geographicalareas.Clickhereformoreinformation.

WHOiscollaboratingwithhealthauthoritiestopreventfurtherspreadofthedisease.Weareissuing

guidancetohelpcountriesonsurveillance,laboratorywork,clinicalcare,infectionpreventionandcontrol,

aswellasriskcommunicationandcommunityengagementtoinformcommunitiesatriskandthebroader

generalpublicaboutmonkeypoxandhowtokeepsafe.

Youcancatchmonkeypoxthroughclosecontactwithsomeonewhohassymploms.Closecontactincludes

skin-to-skin：face-to-face；mouth-to-skin；andmouth-to-mouth.Youcanalsocatchmonkeypoxfrom

contaminatedbedding,towels,surfacesorobjects.

Protectyourself

,Ifsomeoneyouknowisdiagnosedwithorhassuspectedmonkeypox,avoidclosecontactwiththem

?Knowthesymptomsandcheckyourselfregularly

,Ifyouhavesymptoms,seekhealthadviceandself-isola（ewhileyouwaittogettested

?Getvaccinatedifitisavailabletoyou

,Cleananddisinfectenvironmentsthatcouldhavebeencontaminatedwiththevirusfromsomeonewho

isinfectious

,Stayinformedaboutmonkeypoxinyourarea

?Haveopen,non-judgmcntalconversationswithpeopleyouconicintoclosecontactwithaboutany

symptomsyouortheymayhave

Protectothersifyouarerecoveringfrommonkeypoxathome

,Isolateinaseparateroom

,Useaseparatebathroom,orcleananddisinfectit（withhouseholddisinfectant）aftereachuse

,Cleanhandsfrequentlyusingsoapandwateroranalcohol-basedhandsanitizer

,Cleananddisinfectfrequentlytouchedsurfacesandobjects

,Avoidsweepingandvacuuming

,Useseparatedishes,cups,bedding,towelsandelectronics

,Doyourownlaundry.Puteverythinginaplasticbagbeforecarryingittothewashingmachine.Usesoap

andwater>60degrees.

,Openwindows

I.Whatshouldwedowheninteractingwithinfectedpeople?

A.Talkwiththem.

B.Gossipabouthow(he>wereinfected.

C.Befriendlyandshakehandswiththem.

D.Disinfectsurfacesorobjectstouchedbythem.

2.Ifyouarerecoveringfrommonkeypoxathome,whichisWRONGtoprotectothers?

A.Keepgoodventilation.

B.Cleanthefloorfrequently.

C.Don'tdolaundrywithyourfamily.

D.Sanitizethebathroomaftereachuse.

3.Whereisthisicxiprobablytakenfrom?

A.Awebsite.B.Abook.

C.Abrochure.D.Anadvertisement.

B

TheSupremeCourtdecidedtooverturnRoevWade,startingafreshbattleinthisdecades-longfightover

abortion.Ina6-3ruling,thecourtfoundthattherewasnoconstitutionalrighttoabortion,turningthe

decisionofwhethertoallowabortionsornotuptothestates.Millionsofwomenarcnowexpectedtolose

access.

Thisdecisionwasbasedontheirinterpretationofconstitutionallaw,butit'salsodeeplypolitical.Whenthe

courtoverturnsapreviousrulingitinevitablylookstocriticstobemorepoliticalthanconstitutional.

Thecourthasa6-3conservativesupermajority,thanksto(hethreejusticesappointedbyDonald

Trump.HemadeaspecificcampaignpromisetoappointjudgeswhowouldoverturnRoevWade—and

thoseappointmentswillprobablybehismostlastinglegacy.

NowthatRoevWadeisoverturned,26statescouldfurtherrestrictabortionaccess,including13states

thathavepassedso-calledtriggerlaws,whichwouldintroducebansimmediatelyuponthecourt'sdecision.

Democratic-controlledstateslikeCaliforniaandNewYorkwillcastthemselvesasabortion,welcoming

womenfromplaceswheretheprocedurehasbeenoutlawcd.Thcrcarc20statesinallwhereabortionwill

remainaprotectedright.About26.5millionwomenofchildbearingageliveinthosestates.

Asabortionclinicsclosedowninstatesthathaveoutlawedthepracticemanymorearcexpectedtoopen

nearstatebordersinplaceswhereitisstillallowed.Thosewhodon'thavethetimeormoneytotravelmay

resorttoothermeans—suchasorderingabortion-inducingpilkonline—evenifitisillegal.

Thereweresomewherebetween600,000and800,000abortionsintheUSin2019.Accordingtothe

CenterforDiseaseControl,aboutoneinsixpregnanciesendinabortion,andover90%occurinthefirst

trimester（妊娠頭三個月）.Overhalfofwomenwhogetabortionsarealreadymothers,andformost,

itistheirfirstabortion.

Furtherfightsmaybeaheadoverhowthisrulingaffectscertaintypesofcontraception（避孕）orIVF

treatment.Andsomehavequestionedwhethersimilarlegalargumentscanbeusedtounderminesame-sex

marriage.

Americatodayfeelslikeonecountrythatcontainstwoveryseparatenations,inhabitedbytwotribesthat

havecompletelydifferentvalues,beliefsandgoals.Now,theyhavejustmovedfartherapart.

（RoevWade案是美國最高院1973年宣判的一個案子，它通過借道隱私權，確認「美國憲法保障

女性的墮胎權。）

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sanctuaries"meaninthefifthparagraph?

A.Refuges.B.Churches.C.Markets.D.Intersections.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthesixthparagraph?

A.Thedecisionwillreduceabortioneffectively.

B.AllabortionclinicswillbeabandonedinAmerica.

C.Womenwillstilltrydifferentwaystohaveanabortion.

D.Timeandmoneyisamustforwomentohaveanabortion.

6.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

A.WomeninCaliforniacan'thaveanabortion.

B.DonaldTrumpmadeefforttoabandonabortion.

C.Americaisaveryunitedcountryintermsofabortionright.

D.Thedecisionwasmademerelyaccordingtointerpretationoflaw.

7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Abortionrightishumanright

B.WhyisabortionforbiddeninAmerica

C.RoevWadeoverlurned,abortionrightlost

D.Womenshouldfightfbrtheirabortionright

c

Housingofficialssaythatlatelytheyarcnoticingsomethingdifferent：studentsseemtolackthewilland

（heskill,toaddressordinaryconflicts."Wehavestudentswhoaremadateachotherandtheytexteach

otherinthesameroom,"saysateacher."Somanyofourroommateconflictsarebecausekidsdon'tknow

howtonegotiateaproblem."

Andasanypoppsychologistwilltellyou,bottledemotionsleadtosilentdiscontentthatcanboiloverinto

frustrationandanger.AttheUniversityofFlorida,emotionaloutburstsoccuraboutonceaweek,the

D

Ifyou'rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit?your

nextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister-you

mightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss-youprobablywillgiveup.

Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandinghowmammals'brainencodessocialrankanduses

thisinformationtoshapebehaviors——suchaswhethertofightforthelastpizzaslice.Theydiscoveredthat

anareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocial

rankinmammals；changestoamouse'smPFCaffecteditsdominancebehavior.Butitwasunknownhow

themPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons(神經元)wereinvolvedinchanging

dominancebehaviour.

Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage.Somemicebecamemore

dominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoonasthemicewerepairedup,hediscovered,theactivityof

(heirmPFCneuronscoukiprecict一with90percentcertainty-therankoftheiropponent.

"Wcexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyarcinacompetition,"saysco-rcscarchcrNancy.

"Butitturnsoutanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime."

WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,

theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,

suchashowfastamousemoved,andalsocouldpredict-afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted

—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.

Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedinawinningmindset.Justasyou

mightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyour

boss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamorewinningmindsetthanamoredominantmouseandendup

winning.

TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankandwinningmindsetarcnexttooneanotherardhighly

conncctcd.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedinwinningmindset.Inotherwords,

asubordinatemouse'sconfidenceandwinningmindsetmaypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwitha

dominantone.

"Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatwearcindifferentbrainstateswhenwcarewithotherscompared

towhenwe'realone,"saysTye.

12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

B.Tostatetheimportanceofsocialrank.

C.Togivereadersanexampleofsocialrank.

D.Tointroducethetopicofthereadingpassage.

13.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"they"inparagraph5referto?

A.ThemPFCneurons.B.Theresearchers.

C.Thebrainactivitypatterns.D.Thechangesinbehaviour.

14.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?

A.Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialrank.

B.Dominantopponentsboostwinningmindset.

C.Socialrankandwinningmindsetaffectbehaviour.

D.Animalsonlyexhibittheirrankincompetition.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Winningmindsetestablishesdominance.

B.Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour.

C.Asubordinatemousecanneverbeenawinner.

D.Awarenessofdiffeienipeoplearoundyoumakeyourbrainusedifferentneurons.

Ifyouaresomeonewhostruggleswithexamanxiety?knowthatyouaren'talone.

Ifyouarcalwayssuccessful,youmaynotlearnmuch.(1)Scientistshavefoundthatbeingwrong-15

percentofthetimeisthesecrettolearningnewthings.Althoughnobodylikestofail,scientistshavelong

suspectedthatpeoplelearntbelterwhentheywerechallengedtolearnsomethingjustoutsideof:hcir

existingknowledge.

Makeatasktoohardandparticipantswillgiveupwithoutlearringanynewskills,butifitistooeasy,

theywillalsonotpickupanythinguseful.(2)Tofindoutwherethe"sweetspot"lies,researchersatthe

UniversityofArizonaconductedaseriesofmachine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtcomputers

simpletasks,suchaspickingwhetheranumberwasodd(奇數的)oreven(偶數的).Theyfoundthat

whentheerrorratewas15percent，thecomputerslearntfastest.

(3)Itcouldhelpteachersadapttheirclasses(otherightlevel.Iftheteachersgivereallyeasyexamples,

youget100percentrightallthetime.(4)Iftheygivereallyhardexamples,youstillwon'tleamanything

new.Onlywhenyouarealthis"sweetspot"canyougetthemostinformationfromeachparticular

example.

(5)Youshouldn'tbedisappointedifyouaren't100%rightallthetime.Ifyouaretakingclassesthataretoo

easy,thenyouaren'tprobablygettingasmuchoutofaclassassomeonewho'sstrugglingbutmanagingto

keepup.

A.Acceptchallengesbravely.

B.Thcnthere'snothinglefttolearn.

C.Themoredifficultthetask,thebetter.

D.Inthisway,youcanmaximizeyourlearning.

E.Butthat"sweetspot"hasalwaysbeenunknown.

F.Somcstudieshaveshownthatfailureisnotabadthing.

G.Thescientistshavenamedit"The85percentrule".

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

ItwasChristmas1961.1wasteachinginasmalltownwheremythirdgraderseagerly(21)thegreatdayof

giftsgiving.

Eachdayall(hechildrenexceptonegirlproducedsomenewwendertobehungfromtheceiling.Through

itallsheremained(22),watchingfromafar,seeminglymilesaway.Iwonderedwhathadhappenedtothis

onceso(23)butnowsosuddenlywithdrawnchild.Ihopedthefestivitieswould(24)her.Butnothing

did.Wemadecardsandgiftsforeveryone.Asmygifttothem,Imadeeachofmystudentsalittlebag.Of

course,Iknewtheyhadeachmadesomethingforme.

Thedayofgift-givingfinallycame.Weoohedandaahedoverourhandiworkasthepresentswere

(25)Throughitall,shesatquietlywatching.Ihadmadeaspecialbagforher,redandgreenwithwhitelace,

hopingverymuchioseeher(26).Sheopenedthepackagesoslowlyandcarefully.Iwailedbutshe(27).1

hadnotcrackedthewallof(28)shehadbuiltaroundherself.

Afterschoolthechildrenleftinlittlegroups.ShelingeredwhenIsatdowntocatchmybreath.(29),she

cametomewithoutstretchedhands,(30)asmallwhitebox,unwrappedandslightlysoiled,asthough

ithadbeenheldmanytimesby(31)>childishhands."Forme?"Iaskedwithaweaksmile.Shesaid

nothing,butnodded.Iopenedit(32).Thereinside,ashinyglassmarblehungfromafadedgoldenchain.In

aflashIknew-shehadmadeitforhermotherwhodiedjustthreeweeksbeforeandwouldneveragain

hearherchildishjoysorsorrows.

Shetookthechaininbothherhands,reachedforward?and(33)thesimpleclasp(扣環(huán))atthebackof

myneck.Ilookeddownatthegift,(henbackat(hegiver.I(34)itwhenIwhispered,"Oh,Maria?itis

sobeautiful.Shewouldhavelovedit."Shestumbledintoniyarmsandwcwepttogcthcr.Andforthatbrief

momentIbecamehermother,forshehadgivenmethegreatestgiftofall：(35).

21.A.lookedB.admiredC.anticipatedD.spent

22.A.curiousB.awkwardC.bitterD.indifferent

23.A.dullB.cheerfulC.moodyD.unfriendly

24.A.belongtoB.gowithC.appealtoD.turnto

25.A.comparedB.purchasedC.wrappedD.exchanged

26.A.prideB.movementC.smileD.gift

27.A.turnedawayB.loredownC.droppedoutD.gaveout

28.A.isolationB.trustC.safetyD.hatred

29.A.FrequentlyR.UnexpectedlyC.ApparentlyD.Consequently

30.A.bearingB.collectingC.openingD.making

31.A.unwashedB.disabledC.coldD.clever

32.A.byaccidentB.onpurposeC.withcareD.byforce

33.A.unlockedB.securedC.removedD.rolled

34.A.pretendedB.liedC.managedD.meant

35.A.agoldenchainB.joyC.patienceD.herself

36.OnatableathishomeinRosetta,aportcityin(I)(north)bgypt,self-taughtartistIbrahim

Bilaldisplayedavarietycfhissignatureminisculptures(2)(make)withpenciltips.

Withabout80works(3)(feature)landmarksandfamouspeopleinEgyptandbeyond,⑷

3()-year-oldartistsaidhe(5)(inspire)fouryearsagotothoroughlygrasp(heartformafter

watchingvideosofaChineseartistcarvingpencillead(鉗筆芯)intosculptures.

FondofancientEgyptianicons(圖標)，Bilaldedicatedoneofhisearliestworkstotheworlc-famous

RosettaStone?anancientEgyptianrelic(6)(accidental)discoveredinhiscityandhasbeenkept

intheBritishMuseum.

Bilalusesamicroscopeforanenlargedview,asetofpencuttersorcarvingdetail⑺(knife),

andqualitypencils(8)aremostlymadeinGermanyorChinawhileworking.Throughhishands,

landmarksacross(heglobe,includingtheLeaningTowerofPisainItaly,appearonthepencil

lips.Thesizeofeachsculptureisnomore(9)6mmunlessitisatower.Andeachlakesanaverageof

10hours(10)(finish).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

⑼

(10)

37.假定你是李華,是學校國學社(TraditionalChineseCultureClub)社長,想邀請外教Kris

一起參觀中國剪紙(paper-cutting)藝術展。請給他寫封郵件，內容包括：1.展覽時間、地點；

2.展覽內容。

注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右：2.請按如下格式作答。

DearKris,

Yours,

LiHua

(1)

(2)

38.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

Grandfatherwasawiseandhonorableman.Hishousewasnotfarfromours,andIwouldvisithim

oftengoinghomeafterschool.

NomatterhowrottenIhadbeen,IcouldtellGrandpaanything.Mysecretsweresafe.Wheneverthere

wasaproblem,hegavemethetoolstofixit.IknewIwouldalwaysfind(hebestanswerfromhim.He

alwaysunderstood.Helovedme.

IrememberatimewhenabunchofuswereplayingbaseballinthefieldbehindMrs.Ferguson's

house.Ihitonepitchjustrightandslam!Itwasahomerunthatsoaredhighandaway,andendedup

breakingOldLadyFerguson'skitchenwindow!WeallranJWalkinghome,mybestfriend.Tom,

asked,"Howwillsheeverknowwhodidit?She'sblinderthanabat!"Hehadapoint.

IwasafraidthatMrs.Fergusonwouldstaymadatme,soIran.Ididn'tknowwhatshewoulddo.Itried

tocalmdown.However,mystomachwasinknots.Onthewayhonic.Iimaginedthatshewasamean

witch(女巫)chasingme,andthefurtherwayIran?thelargershegrew...untilfinallyshetowered

overthewholetown,seeingmyeverymovewithanevileye.Thoughtsrushedthroughmy

mind.WouldMrs.Fergusonstaymadatme?Wouldshecallpolice?WorsestilLwouldshetellmy

parentsIcouldn'tevenimaginethedisappointmentonMomandDad'sface.TheywerehopingI

wouldacthonestlyandinaresponsibleway

IdecidedtostopbyGrandpa's.!feltashamed.Iwantedtohide.Iwantedtoknockmyheadagainsta

treeathousandtimesandmaketheworldjustgoaway—asifpunishingmyselfcouldundothings.

"1wouldtelleverythingtoGrandpa,"avoiceinsidemesaid.

"Iwaswrong.'*I(oldhim；withmyheaddown.Hemusthaveknownsomethingwasupby(he

expressiononmyface.Heknewwehadbeenwarnedmanytimesaboutthedangersofplayingwhere

weshouldn't.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數應為150左右

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答

Para1：ButhejustlistenedwhileIcontinuedtalking.

Para2：GrandpasmiledwhenheknewIhadfigureditout.

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】D、B、A

【解析】（I）細節(jié)理解題。根據Protectyourself中第一條注意事項Ifsomeoneyouknowisdiagnosed

withorhassuspectedmonkeypox,avoidclosecontactwiththem.（如果你認識的人中有人被診斷患

有或者疑似患有猴痘病，一定要避免與其近距離接觸）以及第五條注意事項Cleananddisinfect

environmentsthatcouldhavebeencontaminatedwiththevirusfromsomeonewhoisinfectious;清潔和

消毒可能被感染者污染的環(huán)境）可知，當跟感染者有接觸時，應該消毒感染者接觸過的表面或者

物體。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據Protectothersifyouarcrecoveringfrommonkeypoxathome"中第二條"Usea

separatebathroom,orcleananddisinfectit（withhouseholddisinfectant）aftereachuse（浴室要分

開或者每次使用后用家庭消毒劑清潔和消毒浴室）可知，要清潔和消毒浴室，所以D.Sanitizethe

bathroomaftereachuse.（每次使用后清潔浴室）正確；根據最后一條Openwindows（開窗）可知，

要保持空氣流通，所以A.Keepgoodveniilalion.（保持空氣流通）正確；根據倒數第二條Doyourown

laundry.（自己洗衣服）可知,衣物要分開洗，所以C.Don'ldolaundrywithyourfamily.（不要跟家

人的衣物?起洗）正確;根據第四條Cleananddisinfectfrequentlytouchedsurfacesandobjects（經

常清理和消毒觸摸過的物體和表面）可知，并沒有讓經常清理地板，所以B錯誤。故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句話Click判reformoreinformation.（點擊這里獲得更多的

信息）可知，這篇文章很可能來自網上。故選A。

這是一篇應用文。主要講述自2022年5月份開始猴痘病開始傳播，為了預防更近一步的擴散，世

界衛(wèi)生組織制定了一些注意事項。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對

未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷；或根據作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

4?7.【答案】A、C^B、C

［解析］（1）詞義猜測題c根據第五段Democratic-controlledstateslikeCaliforniaandNewYorkwill

castthemselvesasabortion___,welcomingwomenfromplaceswheretheprocedurehasbeen

outlawed.Thereare20statesinallwhereabortionwillremainaprotectedright.About26.5millionwomen

ofchildbearingageliveinthosestates.（像加利福尼亞和紐約這樣由民主黨控制的州將把自己塑造成

墮胎—，歡迎來自墮胎被宣布為非法的地方的婦女。總共有20個州墮胎仍然是受保護的權利。

大約有2650萬育齡婦女生活在這些州。）可知那些因墮胎而被宣布為違法的女性可以生活在像紐

約和加利福尼亞等州，這些州有保護墮胎的權利，所以加利福尼亞和紐約這樣的州對這些女性來

說是避難圣地，所以劃線詞意思是“避難所"，A.Refuges.避難所；B.Churches.教堂；C.Markets.市

場;D.Intersections.交叉路口。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據第六段Asabortionclinicsclosedowninstatesthathaveoutlawedthepractice,

manymoreareexpectedtoopennearstatebordersinplaceswhereitisstillallowed.Thosewhodon'thave

thetimeormoneytotravelmayresorttoothermeans—suchasorderingabortion-inducingpillsonline-

evenifitisillegal.（隨著墮胎性所在禁止這種做法的州關閉，預計會有更多的診所在州邊界附近仍

然允許墮胎的地方開業(yè)。那些沒有時間或金錢去到那里的人可能會訴諸其他方式一比如在網上訂

購人工流產藥丸一即使這是非法的。）可知女性們仍然會選擇各種方式來墮胎。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的Thecourthasa6-3consenativesupermajority,thankstothethree

justicesappointedbyDonaldTrump.Hemadea3specificcampaignpromisetoappointjudgeswhowould

overturnRoevWade—andthoseappointmentswillprobablybehismostlastinglegacy.（因為唐納德?

特朗普任命的三名大法官，最高法院以6比3的比例獲得了保守派的絕對多數。特朗普在競選中

做出了明確的承諾，將任命推翻羅伊訴韋德案的法官一這些任命可能是他最持久的遺產。）可知，

特朗普任命的法官推翻了羅伊訴韋德案，由此可知，唐納德?特朗普反對墮胎，B項DonaldTrump

madeefforttoabandonabortion.（唐納德?特朗普努力廢除墮胎。）說法正確。故選B。

（4）主標題判斷題。通讀全文，結合第一段的TheSupremeCourtdecidedtooverturnRoevWade,

startingafreshbattleinthisdecades-longfightoverabortion.Inz6-3ruling,thecourtfoundthattherewas

noconstitutionalrighttoabortion,turningthedecisionofwhethertoallowabortionsornotupIothe

statcs.Millionsofwomenarcnowexpectedtoloseaccess.（美國最高法院最終決定推翻羅伊訴韋德案,

開啟了這場持續(xù)數十年的流產之爭的新篇章。在一項6比3的裁決中，法院發(fā)現(xiàn)憲法中沒有墮胎

的權利，將是否允許墮胎的決定權轉向了各州。現(xiàn)在，預計數百萬婦女將無法享有這項權利。）

可知，本文主要講述了美國否定了羅伊訴韋德案，使得婦女享有的墮胎權丟失，所以以RocvWade

overturned,abortionrightlost（羅伊訴韋德案被推翻，墮胎權喪失）作為題目最合適。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了美國最高法院裁定推翻羅伊訴韋德案，讓各州決定女性是否擁

有墮胎的權利。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有

標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；

其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，

帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強

的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，

才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

8?11.【答案】D、B、A、B

【解析1（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據第一■段Somanyofourroommateconflictsarcbecausekidsdon'tknow

howtonegotiateaproblem.（我們的很多室友沖突都是因為孩子們不知道如何協(xié)商問題。）可知，

許多室友沖突的主:要原因是學牛.們不善于就問題達成一致意見。故選Do

(2)推理判斷題。根據第二段Theproblemismostdramaticamongfreshmen；housingprofessionals

saytheyseeimprovementasstudentsmovetowardgraduation,butsomeneverseemtocatchon,andthey

worryabouthowsuchstudentswilldealwithconflictsaftercollege.(這個問題在大一新生中表現(xiàn)得最

為明顯；舍務專員說，隨著學生們臨近畢業(yè)，他們看到了改善，但有些人似乎從來沒有領會到這

一點，他們擔心這些學生畢業(yè)后將如何處理沖突。)可知，有些學生到畢業(yè)時還無法處理沖突。

故選

(3)推理判斷題。根據第三段Thingsarepostedonsomeone'swallonFacebook：Oh,myroommate

keptmeupallnightstudying,'saysDanaPysz,anassistantdirectorintheofficeofresidentiallifeatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.'It'sadifferentwaytoexpresstheirconflictloeachother,

consequentlycreatingevenmorefrictionsascomplaintsgopublic.(力U州大學洛杉磯分校(Universityof

California,LosAngeles)住后生活辦公室助理主任達納?皮斯說："有人在Facebook上的留言板上

貼了一些東西：哦，我的室友讓我整晚熬夜學習?！薄边@是一種表達彼此沖突的不同方式，隨著投

訴公開化，結果會產生更多摩擦。")可知，達納?皮斯并不贊同在媒體上公開與室友間的沖突這

一做法。故選Ao

(4)推理判斷題。根據最后一段Administratorspointtoparentswhohavefixedtheirchildren's

problemsin(heirentirelives.Nowincollege,thechildrenlacktheskillstoattendtoevenmodestconflicts.

(管理人員指出，父母在孩子的整個生活中都解決了他們的問題。現(xiàn)在上了大學，孩子們甚至缺

乏處理輕微沖突的能力。)可知，家長們應該教他們的孩子處理沖突的技能。故選B。

本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了大學生宿舍沖突日益加劇的原因。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對

未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷；或根據作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

12?15.【答案】D、A、C、A

【解析】(1)寫作意圖題。IgiSM—?Ifyou'rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,and

meanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthe

handbelongsto.Yourlittlesister-youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss——youprobablywillgive

up.Butifyou'rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.(如果你在派對上伸手

去拿最后一塊披薩，同時看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬

于誰。你妹妹一一你可能就去拿披薩。你的老板一一你可能會放棄。但是如果你餓了并且感覺特

別自信，你可能會去拿披薩。)結合之后文章提出大腦中一個叫做內側前額葉皮質(mPFC)的區(qū)

域負責代表哺乳動物的社會地位，可知作者寫第一段是為了引出一個主要話題。故選D。

(2)代詞指代題o根據第五段WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFC

neuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswere

linkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andalsocouldpredict—a

full30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted-whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.（當研究人員

再次詢問mPFC神經元的活動是否與行為有關時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的事情。大腦活動模

式與行為的輕微變化有關，例如老鼠移動的速度，它們還可以在比賽開始前整整30秒預測哪只老

鼠會贏得食物獎勵。）可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)mPFC神經元的活動與行為密切相關，劃線部分yKthcy”

指的是mPFC神經元。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand"winning

mindset"arenext（ooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateof:hebrain

involvedin"winningmindset".Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse'sconHclenceand"winningmindset"

maypartiallydecreasewhen