大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試模擬題1

大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試

全國(guó)統(tǒng)一模擬沖刺試卷

COLLEGEENGLISHTEST

一BandSix一

試題冊(cè)

敬告考生

一、在答題前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容：

1.請(qǐng)檢查試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時(shí)向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)

無誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。

2.請(qǐng)將試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證

號(hào)填寫在試題冊(cè)背面相應(yīng)位置。

3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B

鉛筆將對(duì)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑，

二、在開始過程中，請(qǐng)注意以下內(nèi)容：

L所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊(cè)上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無

效。

2.前在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作

文期間不得翻閱該試題冊(cè)。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請(qǐng)立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答

題卡1,得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。

3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊(cè)背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)

作答。

4.選擇題均為單選題，錯(cuò)選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時(shí)必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相

應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時(shí)須用橡皮擦凈。

三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理：

1.未正確填寫(涂)個(gè)人信息，錯(cuò)貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。

2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊(cè)、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。

3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊或毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評(píng)卷。

4.考試期間在非聽力考試時(shí)間佩戴耳機(jī)。

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthesignificanceof

possessingthespiritofpersistence.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutno

tnorethan200words.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillhespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Paris.B)NewJersey.C)NewYork.D)London.

2.A)Shecanwalkonlyifayoungpersongivesherassistance.

B)Sheworkedasanursebeforeherretirementyearsago.

C)SheaskedAmyforamorecomfortableseatthanhers.

D)ShecomplainedtoJackaboutthelongjourneybackhome.

3.A)Hetookaseatintheeconomyclasssection.

B)Heaskedforacupofcoffeefromaflightattendant.

C)HehadaniceconversationwithAmy.

D)HeusedFacebooktocommunicatewithhisfriends.

4.A)Shewouldgainmuchfamebypostingthestoryonline.

B)ShewouldgiveVioletausedphoneasagift.

C)ShewouldsendphotostoVioletbythemail.

D)Shewouldgetaraiseinpaybyheremployer.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Becauseitleadstotheappearanceofnationalisminsomecountries.

B)Becauseitdevelopsfastwiththewidespreaduseofsmartphones.

C)Becauseitattractsanincreasingnumberofusersovertheyears.

D)Becauseitfacesmuchcriticismforinfluencingpoliticalissues.

6.A)Digitaltechnologygivesavoicetominoritygroups.

B)Digitaltechnologyhelpsinadvocatingpoliticalparties9policies.

C)Digitaltechnologycontributestogenderequalityacrosstheworld.

D)Digitaltechnologycreatesamessinthepoliticalarena.

7.A)Bypreparingusefulresourcesforacademicresearch.

B)Byprovidingsourcesofnewsreports.

C)Bydeliveringonlineshoppingfunctions.

D)Byofferingavarietyofonlinegames.

8.A)About72%ofAmericanadultsgetaddictedtosocialmedia.

B)Socialmediaresultsinlowefficiencyattheworkplace.

C)Overhalfofadultsindevelopingcountriesusesocialmedia.

D)Socialmediasitescarrymuchunhealthyinfototeenagers.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill

hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Hospitalityinlocalresidents.

B)Foodinlocalrestaurants.

C)Politicalviolenceofadestination.

D)Servicequalityofatravelagency.

10.A)Somalia.B)Greenland.C)Norway.D)Mexico.

11.A)Tocontactafriendlivinginthedestination.

B)lbcollectphonenumbersoflocalauthorities.

C)Toknowmoreabouttheirdestination.

D)Toconsultexperiencedtourguides.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Researchingonatrickytopic.

B)ConnectingfriendsviatheInternet.

C)Hearinggoodnewsonradio.

D)Livinginanewenvironment.

13.A)Fallingoutoftheirtriballeaders9favor.

B)Keepingdistancefromtheirtribe.

C)Contractinganinfectiousdisease.

D)Confrontingthedevastatingforceofnature.

14.A)Feelingawayfromothers.

B)Sleepingexcessivelyatdaytime.

C)Sensingtheupcomingofathreat.

D)Sufferinggreatphysicalpain.

15.A)Itwillnothelptoensurepeople'ssatisfactionwithlife.

B)Itwouldaffectpeople'shealthnegatively.

C)Itmightnotmakepeoplefeellesslonely.

D)Itcouldservetoeliminatepeople'semotionalstress.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythree

orfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)BecauseshelikestogivesurprisestoherhusbandwhoisaBritishcitizen.

B)BecauseshedesirestocelebrateThanksgivinginaBritishway.

C)Becauseshewantstostayclosetoherfamilyandfriendsnowandthen.

D)BecauseshelovestoliveinLondonratherthaninanyAmericancity.

17.A)Asymptomoflonelinessamongflightattendants.

B)Anattitudeofpositivityaboutclimatechange.

C)Asenseofuneasinessaboutflightonclimatechange.

D)Afeelingofprideinaffordingfrequentflights.

18.A)Bigfossilfuelcompanies.B)EveryIndividual.C)Scientists.D)Climatevillain.

19.A)Theytrickpoliticiansintosupportingtheirbusinesses.

B)Theyblamethegeneralpublicfortheclimatecrisis.

C)Theyfailtopaytheirtaxataproperpointofthetime.

D)Theyencouragetheiremployeestotakefrequentflights.

Questions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

20.A)Itmightberegretabouttheeffortsfbrwomentoprepareanicemeal.

B)Itcouldbethelastkindofhouseholdchoreswomenwanttodo.

C)Itwouldbenothingtowomenwhencomparedtootherchallengesinlife.

D)Itmaybethesoleresponsibilityforwomentotakeashousewives.

21.A)Beingemotionallyneglectedbytheirhusbands.

B)Havingtogooutsidehometowork.

C)Doingthedishesallontheirown.

D)Sharinghouseholdtaskswiththeirspouses.

22.A)Communicatingmoreovertheissueofgenderstereotypes.

B)Participatinginonlinecoursesfordoinghouseholdtasksbetter.

C)Fonningawell-consideredplanforsharinghouseholdchores.

D)Providingfinancialsupportforthefamilybybothparties.

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Insectscontainmorekindsofvitaminsthanplant-basedfood.

B)Insectstasteagreatdealbetterthantraditionalanimalmeat.

C)Insectsarenotyetacceptedasproperfoodinwesterncountries.

D)InsectshavebeenconsumedforlonginSouthLatincountries.

24.A)Ithasahigheramountofusefulminerals.

B)Itcontainsmoreproteinandfatcontent.

C)Itisusuallysoldatarelativelylowerprice.

D)Itattractsalargernumberofconsumers.

25.A)Theyneedmuchsunlightintheirgrowth.

B)Theyareresistanttovariouskindsofdiseases.

C)Theyliveonverylittleresourcestogrow.

D)Theycausenoharmtocropsinthefield.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone

wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each

choiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor

eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynot

useanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Headingintothenewyear,Ifindmyselfworkingwithsomanycouplesthatareburned

out,26up,andfeelingthattheirrelationshipisn'tasgoodasitcouldbe.Theydon'tlike

theirpartnersasmuchastheyusedto,they'velostthethreadoftherelationshipwithsomuch

elsegoingon,andsome27iftheyshouldstillevenbetogether.

Fvebeenthinkingand,talkingtosomeofmycolleaguesabout,goodrelationship

resolutionsforthenewyeartogetyoutoyour28relationship.HereIwanttosharewith

yousomeofmyideas.

Firstly,maketimeforeachother.It'seasytohaveagoodtimeatthebeginningofa

relationship,whenthingsarenewandexciting.Whenwegetcomfortableinourrelationships

andalloflife's29comeintoplay,thattendstofade.Continuingtoplayaroundwith

andhavefunwithyourpartnerwillkeepyouhappierandmoresatisfied.Expertsalso

recommendeddoing30thingstogether,likevolunteering.Spendingtimegivingback

cancreateadeeperconnectionandcan31yourbondwithyourpartner.

Secondly,bepresent.Manycouplestalkabouttheirrelationshipalottothepointthat

theyforgettobeinit.It'stimetoputyourintentionandeffortswhereit32mostrather

thanwaitingforthemtobecome'canyons(峽谷)'andthenseekhelp.Thatworkcaninclude

payingcloserattentiontoyourpartner'snonverbalcuesandsubtle33intheiremotional

state.Thiswillenhancetherelationshipbond.

Lastly,argue34.Whetheryou'resingleorinarelationship,trytoapproachconflicts

fromaplaceofcuriosityratherthanjudgingandblaming.Insteadofblackandwhitethinking

andjudging,makingthechoicetoredirectstressintofriendlycuriosityisthequickestwayto

improve35duringconflict.

A)mattersI)dramatically

B)leftJ)focuses

C)meaningfulK)strained

D)respectfullyL)communication

E)wonderM)wellbeing

F)shiftsN)strengthen

G)fed0)stresses

H)ideal

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe

paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph

morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby

markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

TheRoleofAIinJobHunting

[A]There'sanewobstacletolandingajobaftercollege:GettingapprovedbyAI.Collegecareer

centersusedtopreparestudentsforjobinterviewsbyhelpingthemlearnhowtodress

appropriatelyorwriteastandoutcoverletter.Thesedays,they'realsotryingtobracestudents

foratotallynewreality:Theymaybevetted（審查）forjobsinpartbyartificialintelligence.

[B]AtschoolssuchasDukeUniversity,PurdueUniversity,andtheUniversityofNorthCarolina

atCharlotte,careercounselorsarenowworkingtofindoutwhichcompaniesuseAIandalso

speakingcandidlywithstudentsaboutwhat,ifanything,theycandotowinoverthe

algorithms（算法程序）.Thisshiftinpreparationscomesasmorebusinessesinterestedin

fillinginternshipsandentry-levelpositionsthatmayseeagreatnumberofapplicantsturnto

outsidecompaniessuchasHireVuetohelpthemquicklyconductvastnumbersofvideo

interviews.

[C]AIsoftwaredefinespeopleasmaleorfemale.That'saproblem.WithHireVue,businessescan

posepre-determinedquestions-oftenrecordedbyahiringmanager-thatcandidatesanswer

oncamerathroughalaptoporsmartphone.Increasingly,thosevideosarethencheckedby

algorithmsanalyzingdetailssuchaswordsandgrammar,facialexpressionsandthetonalityof

thejobapplicant'svoice,tryingtodeterminewhatkindsofattributesapersonmayhave.

Basedonthisanalysis,thealgorithmswillconcludewhetherthecandidateistenacious,

resilient,orgoodatworkingonateam,forinstance.

[DJMuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthepotentialofAItoreplacehumanjobsinthefuture,butthe

useofserviceslikeHireVuehighlightsadifferentconcern:thatAIcanactasagatekeeperfbr

thejobsoftoday.Companiesmaynotbereadytogivethetaskofselectingcandidatesfor

CSuite（公司高管）andexecutivepositionstoalgorithms,butthestakesarelowerfbr

entry-levelrolesandinternships.Thatmeanssomeoftoday'scollegestudentsareeffectively

theguineapigsforalargelyunprovenmechanismforevaluatingapplicants.

[E]WhatworriesmeaboutAIisAIcan'ttelltheheartofapersonandthedriveapersonhas.To

makemattersmorecomplicated,thereislittleinthewayofregulationsorindustrystandards

surroundingdisclosureoftechnologyusage-thoughIllinois,forexample,changedthatwitha

recently-enactedlaw.Sointervieweesmaynotknowwhen（orhow）AIisanalyzingtheir

interview,andwhenitisn't.Thatcreatesasenseofuncertaintyforthosetryingtoguide

collegestudentsandnewgraduatesthroughtheinterviewprocess,andforthejobseekers

themselves."It'skindofthewild,wildwestrightnowofinterviewing/,saidMatthewFrench,

assistantdirectorforemployerrelationsatUNCCharlotte'suniversitycareercenter.

[FJSarahAli,aDukeundergraduatestudent,hasgonethroughabouteightHireVueinterviews

withvariouscompaniesforjobsandinternshipsinfieldsliketechandmarketing.Exceptfbr

thefirstinterview,whichhelpedhergetamarketinginternship,noneofthemledtoajob.

Evennow,she'sunsurewhatrole,ifany,AIplayedintheprocess—apossibilitysheonly

contemplatedafterspeakingwithfriendsaboutitfollowingthefirstone.

[G]Eventhoughshelandedtheinternshipafterthatfirstinterview,Alisaidshewouldhavedonea

lotofthingsdifferentlyhadsheknownforsureAIwasinvolved.Shemighthaveusedkey

wordsorphrasesthatwouldbepickedupbyAIandalsokeptdirecteyecontactwiththe

camera.t4OnceIunderstoodtheAIinterviewprocess,Idefinitelystartedthinkingaboutitasa

gameandhowIcouldoptimizeforcertainqualitiesorgestures,“Alisaid.SarahAli,aDuke

Universityundergraduatestudent,saidshenowthinksoftheAIinterviewprocessasa

“game."

[H]WhysomecompaniesturntoAIininterviews.HireVuemaybethemostwell-knownvideo

interviewcompanywithnearly800companiesasclients,includingCNN,whichdoesnotuse

itsAIfeatures.Itisusedtointerviewabout1millionpeopleevery90days,accordingto

HireVueCEOKevinParker.

[I]"We'Hinterviewprobablyamillioncollegekidsthisyear,“Parkersaid.Hesaidthe

Utah-basedcompanybeganusingAIin2014asawaytohelpcompaniessortthroughvideo

interviews.Hewon'tsayhowmanyclientsuseAIassessmentstoday,beyondnotingthatit'sa

“smallersubset“ofthecompaniesitworkswith.HireVuehighlightsseveralofthemonits

website,includingmultipleFortune500companies,suchasUnilever.

[J]AswithothercompanieslikeYobsandTaiviewthatofferAl-basedassessmentsofvideo

interviews,HireVuebelievesitcanbehelpfulforusheringamassivenumberofpeople

throughtheinterviewprocessquicklyandreviewingtheminafair,consistentway.

[K]AmockupofareportthatacompanywouldreceiveafterAIisusedtoassessajobcandidate's

HireVueinterview,showinghowthepersoncomparedtootherswhowereinterviewedandan

averagerecommendationforthecandidate.Inthisexample,thecandidatealsocompleteda

codingtaskandansweredmultiple-choicequestions.

[LIParkersaiditsalgorithmsconsiderthingssuchaswordusage,pronounsandfacialexpressions

todeterminehowlikelyajobcandidateistopossessaspecificattributeaclientislookingfor

inacertainjob,suchasempathyorwillingnesstolearn.

[M]TheseAIassessmentsareoftenusedforfillingentry-leveljobsbecausecandidatesdon'thave

alotofworkhistory.Thegoal,accordingtoParker,isthattheAIcanactasawaytoevaluate

abilitiesandtalent.AfteranAIassessmentisperformedonaninterview—videointerviews

cantakeroughly20to25minutes-theclientgetsareportscoringthecandidateonthe

attributesdeemedkeytothejob.

[N]This,Parkersaid,givesthecompanyofferingthejobanalmoststandardized-test-scoreviewof

thecandidate,showingwhatthey'regoodatandhowtheystandrelativetoothercandidates.A

reportcanalsobegeneratedforthejobcandidatetogivethemfeedback,butit'suptothe

employertosharethat.uWerecommendthatcustomersdoitandIthinkit'sgreatfeedbackfor

thecandidate,butit'scustomerspecific,“Parkersaid.It'sunclearhowmanycompaniesdo

applicantsthecourtesyoftakingthisstep.

fO]“Wedon'tknowwhatit'slookingfor”.ForMeredithMcCook,assistantdirectorattheDuke

careercenter,theriseofthiskindofinterview-viavideo,andpossiblywithAIinthe

backgroundanalyzingthatvideo-hasmeantsomechangestohowsheworkswithstudents.

She'softentalkingtostudentsaboutthenewwaystechnologymaybepartoftheinterview

process,andcoachingthemtopracticebydoingthingssuchasturningontheirlaptop'svideo

cameraandspendingtimetalkingtoit.Dukeoffersstudentsonlinevideointerviewpractice

sessions,too.uWithAI,wedon'tknowwhatit'slookingfbr,^^McCooksaid.ButincaseAIis

analyzingtheinterview,shesuggestsstudentsraisetheirlaptoptobeeyelevelwiththecamera

soitappearsthey'remaintainingeyecontact,eventhoughthereisn'tahumanontheother

sideofthelens.

36.AlthoughMeredithMcCookdoesn'tknowexactlyabouthowAIworks,shetrieshardto

providestudentswithnecessarypreparationforonlinevideointerviews.

37.Accordingtothepassage,thoughemployersmaynotuseAItocheckoutcandidatesfor

high-levelpositions,theymayadoptitforentry-leveljobs.

38.ByKevinParker,theAIcanbeemployedtojudgetheabilitiesandpotentialsofjob

applicantswhoapplyforentry-leveljobsfortheirlackofworkhistory.

39.IntheeyesofSarahAli,byreflectingontheAIinterviewprocess,sheconsidersitasa

gamewhichrunsonsomeparticularrules.

40.AtsuchschoolsasDukeUniversity,careercounselorsaretryingtheirbesttowarntheir

graduatesoftheexistenceofAIinvideointerviewsandtopreparethemforcopingwithit.

41.AccordingtoKevinParker,ifsadvisablefbrhiscustomerstosendthereportsgenerated

byAItocorrespondingjobapplicants,butitdependsonspecificcustomers..

42.AIhasitsdefectswhenassessingapplicantsandthereishardlyanyregulationtorestrictit,

whichbewilderedintervieweesandworriedcareercounselors.

43.ThoughSarahAlihadexperiencedeightAl-basedinterviewswithseveralemployers,she

hasn'tfiguredoutwhetherorhowAIworksintheprocessyet.

44.AccordingtoKevinParker,hiscompanystartedtouseAIhelpcompaniestoclassifyvideo

interviewsseveralyearsagobutonlyasmallgroupofhisclientsuseAItoselectjob

applicantsnow.

45.AccordingtoKevenParker,theAIwillprocessthedataonajobcandidate'sfacial

expressionsandwordusagetodeterminewhetherheorsheisequippedwithqualitieskey

toacertainposition.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),

C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AsCharlesDickenswrote,“Nooneisuselessinthisworldwholightenstheburdensof

another."Andsciencehasshownthataltruistic(知】他主義的)behaviors—definedasputting

thewell-beingofothersbeforeourownwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn-actuallydo

improveourhealth.Volunteering,forexample,hasbeenshowntominimizestressand

improvedepression.Itcanreducetheriskforcognitiveimpairment.Itcanevenhelpuslive

longer.Italsoappearsthatgivingcanhelpuscopewithpain.A2017studyfoundchronicpain

suffererswhovolunteeredreporteddecreasedpainalongwithanimprovedsenseofpurpose.

Anewseriesofstudiesmayhavefoundonereasonwhy:regionsofthebrainthatreactto

painfulstimulationappeartobeinstantlydeactivated(使變遲鈍)bytheexperienceofgiving.

“Whereasmostoftheprevioustheoriesandresearchhaveemphasizedthelong-termand

indirectbenefitsforaltruisticindividuals,thepresentresearchdemonstratedthatparticipants

underconditionsofpainbenefitedfromaltruisticactsinstantly,thestudyauthorswrote.

Thestudies,publishedMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,

testedvariousscenariosofaltruismin287people.Onefoundthatthosewhovolunteeredto

givebloodafteranearthquakeexperiencedlesspainthanthosewhodidaroutinetest,despite

theuseofalargerneedle.Aseconddiscoveredpeoplewhofreelygavetheirtimetorevisea

handbookforthechildrenofmigrantworkersexperiencedlesspainwhenexposedtocold

temperaturesthanpeoplewhodidnotvolunteer.

Inanotherstudy,theresearchersrecruitedcancerpatientslivingwithchronicpainand

askedthemtocookandcleanforthemselvesorforthebenefitofothersattheirtreatment

center.Whentheywerehelpingothers,theirpainlevelsdropped.Whentheydidtheworkfor

theirownpersonalbenefit,thepain-relievingeffectwasreducedbyover62%.

Inthemosttellingstudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoconsiderdonatingmoneyto

helporphans;iftheychosetodosotheywereaskedtoratehowhelpfultheybelievedtheir

donationwouldbe.ThebrainsofthoseparticipantswerethenscannedviaMRIwhilethey

receivedanastyelectricshocktotheirhands.Resultsshowedthepain-controlcentersinthe

brainsofthosewhodonatedreactedlesstothepainfulsensationthanthosewhodidnotgive

money.Notonlythat,butthemorepeoplebelievedtheiraltruisticactionswerehelpful,the

lesstheirbrainrespondedtothepain.

Inaddition,theauthorsfounditwasthemeaningpeoplegavetotheirgooddeedsthat

predictedhowmuchpainthebrainwouldperceive.Whilemoreresearchisneeded,theauthors

believethatmedicineshouldconsiderusingaltruismto''supplementcurrentbehavioral

therapiestotreatpain."Priorresearchfoundtheactofgivingstimulatedtherewardcentersof

thebrain,producingasortof“helper'shigh.^^

46.Inwhichwaycouldvolunteeringinfluencepeople?

A)IthelpsinunderstandingCharlesDickens5works.

B)Itoffersasenseofpurposeinlifetomanypeople.

C)Itresultsinahabitofbeingconsiderateofothers.

D)Itcuresawiderangeoflife-threateningdiseases.

47.Inwhichwaycanaltruisticbehaviorsbenefitpeoplesufferingpain?

A)Inestablishingstrongfriendshipwithotherswithanaltruisticmind.

B)Ingettingsubstantialhelplaterfromtherecipientsoftheirhelp.

C)Inbecomingmuchlesssensitivetopaininthenervesystem.

D)Inreceivingmedicalaidfromvolunteeringmedicalworkers.

48.Whywasalargerneedleusedwhenpeoplevolunteeredtodonateblood?

A)Itmeanttocausemorepaintoblooddonators.

B)Itwaspartofaroutinecheckonearthquakevictims.

C)Itstimulatedblooddonatorstodonatemoreblood.

D)Itscaredsomeblooddonatorsintogivingupdonation.

49.Whatmighthelptoreducethepainsufferedbypeoplewhodonatedmoneytohelp

orphans?

A)Theirimaginationabouttheorphansenjoyingfamilywarmth.

B)Theirbeliefinthegreatusefulnessoftheirdonationaction.

C)Theirpainfulmemoryoftheelectricshockbeingerased.

D)TheirgratitudetodoctorswhoperformedMRIforthem.

50.What'stheresearchers5suggestionfbrthetreatmentofpain?

A)Toinspirepatientstocookorcleanforthepoor.

B)Toinstructpatientsingettingapsychological“high”.

C)Toencouragepatientstodothingsinfavorofothers.

D)Toexposepatientstocoldtemperaturesallyeararound.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Abstainingfromfoodfor16to18hoursadaycouldbekeytotreatingavarietyofhealth

conditions-evenifyou'vegottotrainyourselftopushpastthehunger.Areviewofpast

animalandhumanstudiesinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinesuggeststhatintermittent

fasting(間歇式禁食)canreducebloodpressure,aidinweightlossandimprovelongevity.

Whatisintermittentfasting,andisithealthy?Thereportfunctionsasaroadmapofsorts

forphysicianstoprescribefastingasamethodofpreventionortreatmentfbrobesity,cancer,

diabetesandheartdisease.StudyauthorMarkMattson,aprofessorofneuroscienceatJohns

HopkinsUniversity,focusesontwotypes:Dailytime-restrictedfeeding(eating6-8hoursa

dayandfastingfbr16-18hours)and5:2intermittentfasting(fastingtwodaysa