英美文學(xué)選讀名詞解釋全套

英美文學(xué)選讀名詞解釋全套名詞解釋1.DramaticMonologue戲劇獨白apoemdeliveredinadramaticmannerbyasinglepersonaspeakerwhoisnotidentifiedwiththepoetusuallytoachieveanironicaleffect.2.Aestheticism美學(xué)主義（唯美主義）Aestheticism(alsotheAestheticMovement)isanintellectualandartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocial-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.3.ThePygmalionEffect皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)ThePygmalionEffectisthatpeopletendtobehaveasyouexpecttheywill.Ifyouexpectapersontotakeresponsibility,theyprobablywill.Ifyouexpectthemnottoeventry,theyprobablywon’t.4.Colonialism殖民主義onecountry’sdominationofanothercountryorpeople—usuallyachievedthroughaggressive,oftenmilitaryactions，andtheterritoryacquiredinthismanner.5.Post-colonialtheory后殖民主義理論isamulticulturaltheorywhichmainlystudiesrelationsofculturaldiscoursepowerbetweenthecolonistandthecolonizedaswellasracism(種族主義),culturalimperialism（文化帝國主義）,nationalcultureandculturepoweridentityaftercolonialperiodRepresentatives后殖民理論的“圣三位一體”EdwardSaid(薩義德)GayatriC.Spivak(斯皮瓦克)HomiK.Bhabha(霍米·巴巴),6.Imagism意象主義Thebodyoftheoriesofagroupofanti-Romanticandanti-GeorgianBritishandAmericanpoets(1912-18)whoaimedatsimplicityanddetachmentinpoeticexpressionbytheclearpresentationofvisualimages.,7.Imagery意象Wordsorphrasesthatcreatepicture,orimages,inthereadermind.Imagesareprimarilyvisual.Imagescanappealtoothersensesaswell:touch,taste,smellandhearing.8.Symbolism印象主義Epiphany頓悟Anexperienceofsuddenandstrikingrealization頓.悟Epiphanyisanappearanceorperceptionoftheessentialnatureormeaningofsomething,todescribethesuddenrevelationofwhatnessofathing,themomentinwhichthesoulofthecommonestobjectseemstousradiant.9.StreamofConsciousness意識流

Itisanarrativemodethatseekstoportrayanindividual'spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter'sthoughtprocesses,eitherinalooseinteriormonologue,orinconnectiontohisorheractions.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyleapsinsyntaxandpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow,tracingacharacter'sfragmentarythoughtsandsensoryfeelings.Thenarrativemethodofcapturingandrepresentingtheinnerworkingofacharacter’smind.10.FeministCriticism女性主義Feminismreferstomovementsaimedatestablishinganddefendingequalpolitical,economic,socialrightsandopportunitiesforwomen11.Transcendentalists超驗主義Transcendentalistsemphasizetheimportanceoftheindividual.Theybelievethattheindividualisthemostimportantpartofsociety,andthatsocialinnovationcanonlybeachievedthroughpersonalcultivationandimprovement.Therefore,theprimaryresponsibilityofpeopleistoimprovethemselves,ratherthandeliberatelypursuewealthandwealth.AnidealpersonisonewhodependsonhimselfTranscendentalistslookatnatureinanewway,believingthatnatureisthesymbolofsuperspiritorgod.Intheirview,natureismorethanmatter.Ithaslife,thespiritofgodfillsit,itisthecloakofthesuperspirit12.Iambicpentameter(五音步詩)IambicpentameteristhemostcommonEnglishmeter,inwhicheachfootcontainsanunaccentedsyllableandanaccentedsyllable.Itisameterinpoetry,consistingofanunrhymedlinewithfiveiambsorfeet(hencepentameter).13.Alliteration(頭韻)Alliterationmeansarepetitionoftheinitialsoundsofseveralwordsinalineorgroup.ItisaveryoldtraditionalstylisticdeviceinEnglishliteratureandverse.Theconsonantsandstressedsyllablesarerepeatedinonelineorinonestanza14.Byronichero

拜倫式英雄TheByronicheropresentsanidealized,butflawedcharacterwhoseattributesinclude:greattalent;greatpassion;distasteforsocietyandsocialinstitutions;alackofrespectforrankandprivilege;beingthwartedinlovebysocialconstraintordeath;rebellion;exile;anunpleasantsecretpast;arrogance;overconfidenceorlackofforesight;and,ultimately,aself-destructivemanner.15.Sonnet

十四行詩Asonnetisa14-linelyricpoemwithasingletheme.Sonnetsvarybutareusuallywritteniniambicpentameter,followingoneoftwotraditionalpatterns:thePetrarchanorItaliansonnetandtheShakespeareanorEnglishsonnet.Asonnetgenerallyexpressesasinglethemeoridea.16.LakePoets湖畔詩人TheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.Asagroup,theyfollowednosingle"school"ofthoughtorliterarypracticethenknown,althoughtheirworkswereuniformlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement17.Metaphysical玄學(xué)派詩歌的MetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetandcriticSamuelJohnsontodescribealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whoseworkwascharacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceits,andbyspeculationabouttopicssuchasloveorreligion.JohnDonneisthemostimportantrepresentative.18.ShakespeareanComedy莎士比亞式喜劇AShakespeareancomedyisonethathasahappyending,usuallyinvolvingmarriagesbetweentheunmarriedcharacters,andatoneandstylethatismorelight-heartedthanShakespeare'sotherplays.Shakespeareancomediestendtoalsoinclude:`Astruggleofyoungloverstoovercomedifficulty,oftenpresentedbyelder.Metaphysicalpoets

（玄學(xué)派詩歌）

ThemetaphysicalpoetswerealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestinmetaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem.Theirrigorous,energeticverseappealstothereader’sintellectratherthanemotions,discardingintuitionandmysticisminfavourofrationaldiscussion.Theirinventive,elaboratestylewascharacterisedbylearnedimageryandsubtleargumentation,andthe"metaphysicalconceit",afigureofspeechthatemploysunusualandparadoxicalimagessuchasinAndrewMarvell’scomparisonofthesoulwithadropofdew.Althoughsuchdeviceswerenotnew,thesepoetsmanagedtomakethemostofthemwiththeirfreshandoriginalapproach,infusingnewlifeintoEnglishpoetry.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄學(xué)派詩歌)Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonnewitharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry,thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.LakePoets(湖畔詩人)InenglishliteratureLakePoetsrefertosuchromanticpoetsaswilliamwordsworth,coleridgeandsoutheywholivedinthelakeDistrict.TheycametobeknownasthelakeschoolorLakers.Imagism（意象派）：itwasapoeticvoguethatflourishedinEngland,andevenmorevigorouslyinAmerica,betweentheyears1912and1917.ItwasplannedandexemplifiedbyagroupofEnglishandAmericanwritersinLondon,partlyundertheinfluenceofthepoetictheoryofT.E.Hulme,asarevoltagainstthesentimentalandmannerishpoetryattheturnofthecentury.ThetypicalImagistpoetryiswritteninfreeverseandundertakestobeaspreciselyandterselyaspossible.Meanwhile,theImagistpoetrylikestoexpressthewriters’momentaryimpressionofavisualobjectorsceneandoftentheimpressionisrenderedbymeansofmetaphorwithoutindicatingarelation.MostfamousImagistpoem,“InaStationoftheMetro”,waswrittenbyEzraPound.Imagismwastoorestrictivetoendurelongasaconcertedmovement,butitinfluencedalmostallmodernpoetsofBritainandAmerica.Imagism(意象主義)ImagismcameintobeinginBritainandU.Saround1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.2>theimagists,withEzraPoundleadingtheway,holdthatthemosteffectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.3>imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoeticprinciples:A.directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;B.economyofexpression;C.asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofmetronome.