遼寧省大連市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末雙基考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省大連市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末雙基考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThatyourparentsarefootingthebillrightnowdoesn’tmeanyou’relivingfreeofexpense.Asateenager,youmayneedcashondailyactivities,nottomentionprovidingfuturefundsforcollegeinyourownright.Thechallengeliesinfindingajobthatfitsyourholidayschedule.Here’salistoftoppicksthatmaytickallyourrightboxes.HyreCarOwnerEstimatedpay:$35/dayIfyouliketheideaofAirbnb,HyreCarissimilar,butforcars.HyreCarisanonlineplatformwhereyoucanlistyourcarandrentitouttobackground-checkeddeliveryserviceandridesharedrivers.HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.PetSitter&DogWalkerEstimatedpay:$30/dayFindingatrustedpetsitterisessentialfortravelingpetowners.Payvariesbylocation,withhigherearningsinurbanareas.Petownersremainloyaltosittersanddogwalkerstheylike.StartbuildingyourclientbasethroughRover,anonlineplatformconnectingpetownerswithlocalsittersandwalkers.ProofreaderEstimatedpay:$40/dayIfyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.Proofreaderspolishwrittencontentforbloggers,websiteownersandmore.WithaccesstotheInternetandalaptop,proofreadingisanexcellentoptionforstay-at-homeparents,students,oranyoneseekingalocation-independentrole.LifeguardEstimatedpay:$15/hourStudleyCastleisseekingpassionatelifeguardstojointhedynamicteam.You’llplayaroleinensuringguestsafetywithamaximumof20hoursperweek.Enjoybenefitssuchasfreegymaccess,discountedfood,andpromotionopportunities.Fulltrainingwillbeprovided.SendyourupdatedCVviaApplyNow.Qualifiedapplicantswillbecontacted.1.HowdoesHyreCarprovideprotectionforcarowners?A.Byofferingfreemaintenance. B.Byassistingwithcardelivery.C.Byprovidingmotorinsurance. D.Byguaranteeingrentalincome.2.Whatqualityismostdesirableforaproofreader?A.Grammaticalsensitivity. B.Publicspeakingskills.C.Independentpersonality. D.Creativethinkingability.3.Whichjobcouldpossiblymakethemostmoneyweekly?A.HyreCarowner. B.Petsitter&dogwalker.C.Proofreader. D.Lifeguard.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種工作的情況?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HyreCarOwner部分中“HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.(如果發(fā)生盜竊或物理?yè)p壞，HyreCar將為您的車輛提供高達(dá)100萬(wàn)美元的保險(xiǎn))”可知，HyreCar通過(guò)提供汽車保險(xiǎn)為車主提供保護(hù)。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Proofreader部分中“Ifyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.(如果有人用錯(cuò)了動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，或者把“their”和“there”搞混了，你覺(jué)得很尷尬，那么校對(duì)對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)可能是最理想的選擇)”可知，校對(duì)人員最需要的素質(zhì)是語(yǔ)法敏感性。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)HyreCarOwner部分中“Estimatedpay:$35/day(估計(jì)工資：35美元/天)”；PetSitter&DogWalker部分中“Estimatedpay:$30/day(估計(jì)工資：30美元/天)”；Proofreader部分中“Estimatedpay:$40/day(估計(jì)工資：40美元/天)”；Lifeguard部分中“Estimatedpay:$15/hour(預(yù)計(jì)工資：每小時(shí)15美元)”可知，救生員按小時(shí)計(jì)費(fèi)，推測(cè)可能每周賺最多的錢。故選D。BLastwinter,IwokeupinastonebedroominAlmeria,Spain,whereIwasworkingonavolunteerproject.Mymorningwalksoftenledmepastafarmwitharottingpileofeggplantsthatgrewlargerovertwomonths,alongwithunsoldoranges.Ithoughtthattheanswertosomuchwastemightbeasimpleone,butinsteaditscomplicationsurprisedme.IinquiredRichard,thefounderofanenvironmentalNGOworkingcloselywithfarmerswhythisdumpinghappenedandheletoutadeepsighoffrustration.“Mostofthetimeit’sjustapureamounthere…thereistheinfrastructuremissing,theknowledgemissing.”Theregion’slargegreenhousesarevisiblefromspace,yetthediversityoffarmsmakesitdifficulttodealwiththewasteissueuniformly.RichardandIdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyfarmers,whooftenlackwastemanagementfacilities,especiallysmalleronesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Biowaste,includingplasticclipsandtwine,endsupintheocean,visiblealongAlmeria’sbeaches.Whilesomefarmersareawareoftheproblem,thecostsoftacklingitareoftenprohibitive.Spanishagricultureextendsbeyondfruitandvegetables;in2015,SpainbecametheEU’slargestexporterofpork.ThefarmingsectorinSpainhasadaptedtochangingconsumerdemandsandincreasedanimalproductconsumption.Onesolutionproposedistorecyclebiowasteasanimalfeed,reducingtheneedforimportsofsoyandcorn,primarilyfromBrazil.However,thedistancebetweencropandlivestockareasmakesthissolutionenergy-consumingandcostlyforsmall-scalefarmers.Thankfully,therearesomeverypromisingapproachesbeingcarriedout,suchasbiochar(生物炭)andregenerativeenergyproduction.Afterwitnessingthewaste,Ifeeladeepcompassionforfarmers,whoarepartofasmallcommunityfeedingmuchofEurope.Theydesirechangeandlongforconcretesupport.Theissueoffoodproductionandmanagementisourcommonresponsibility,andwemustworktogetherwithfarmerstohealourworld.4.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthewasteprobleminAlmeria?A.Asituationlargelyignored. B.Aproblemeasytomanage.C.AchallengeuniquetoAlmeria. D.Anissuecomplextoapproach.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Thesamesolutionsapplyacrossfarms.B.Smallfarmsstrugglefinanciallywithwaste.C.Farmersareunconsciousofthewasteproblem.D.Manyfarmscomplicatethewastemanagement.6.Whyisturningplantwasteintoanimalfeedimpractical?A.Hightransportationcosts. B.Expensivehigh-techequipment.C.Multi-stepprocessingtechniques. D.Lownutritionalvalueforanimals.7.Whatisthekeytosolvingfoodwaste?A.Self-changebyfarmers. B.Innovationintechnology.C.Widespreadsocialparticipation. D.Directgovernmentinvolvement.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要介紹的是阿爾梅里亞地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物問(wèn)題的復(fù)雜性，探討其成因及可能的解決方案，強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)共同參與的重要性?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ithoughtthattheanswertosomuchwastemightbeasimpleone,butinsteaditscomplicationsurprisedme.IinquiredRichard,thefounderofanenvironmentalNGOworkingcloselywithfarmerswhythisdumpinghappenedandheletoutadeepsighoffrustration.“Mostofthetimeit’sjustapureamounthere…thereistheinfrastructuremissing,theknowledgemissing.”(我原以為解決這么多浪費(fèi)的辦法很簡(jiǎn)單，但它的復(fù)雜性卻讓我大吃一驚。理查德是一家與農(nóng)民密切合作的環(huán)保非政府組織的創(chuàng)始人，我問(wèn)他為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種傾倒，他沮喪地嘆了口氣。“大多數(shù)時(shí)候，這只是一個(gè)純粹的數(shù)量……基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施缺失，知識(shí)缺失?！?”可知，阿爾梅里亞的垃圾問(wèn)題是難以處理的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theregion’slargegreenhousesarevisiblefromspace,yetthediversityoffarmsmakesitdifficulttodealwiththewasteissueuniformly.RichardandIdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyfarmers,whooftenlackwastemanagementfacilities,especiallysmalleronesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Biowaste,includingplasticclipsandtwine,endsupintheocean,visiblealongAlmeria’sbeaches.Whilesomefarmersareawareoftheproblem,thecostsoftacklingitareoftenprohibitive.(從太空中都能看到該地區(qū)龐大的溫室，但農(nóng)場(chǎng)的多樣性使得難以統(tǒng)一處理浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題。理查德和我討論了農(nóng)民面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，他們往往缺乏廢物管理設(shè)施，尤其是那些勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)的小農(nóng)戶。包括塑料夾子和麻繩在內(nèi)的生物廢物最終流入海洋，在阿爾梅里亞的海灘上隨處可見(jiàn)。雖然一些農(nóng)民意識(shí)到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但解決它的成本往往讓他們望而卻步)”可知，從本段可知，小農(nóng)場(chǎng)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上與浪費(fèi)作斗爭(zhēng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Onesolutionproposedistorecyclebiowasteasanimalfeed,reducingtheneedforimportsofsoyandcorn,primarilyfromBrazil.However,thedistancebetweencropandlivestockareasmakesthissolutionenergy-consumingandcostlyforsmall-scalefarmers.Thankfully,therearesomeverypromisingapproachesbeingcarriedout,suchasbiochar(生物炭)andregenerativeenergyproduction.(有人提出的一個(gè)解決方案是將生物廢物回收作為動(dòng)物飼料，減少對(duì)主要從巴西進(jìn)口的大豆和玉米的需求。然而，作物種植區(qū)和牲畜飼養(yǎng)區(qū)之間的距離使得這一方案對(duì)小型農(nóng)戶來(lái)說(shuō)既耗能又昂貴。值得慶幸的是，目前正在實(shí)施一些非常有前景的方法，如生物炭和再生能源生產(chǎn))”可知，高昂的運(yùn)輸成本，讓植物廢料變成動(dòng)物飼料這個(gè)主意變得不切實(shí)際。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afterwitnessingthewaste,Ifeeladeepcompassionforfarmers,whoarepartofasmallcommunityfeedingmuchofEurope.Theydesirechangeandlongforconcretesupport.Theissueoffoodproductionandmanagementisourcommonresponsibility,andwemustworktogetherwithfarmerstohealourworld.(目睹了這些浪費(fèi)后，我對(duì)農(nóng)民們深感同情，他們是滋養(yǎng)歐洲大部分地區(qū)的一個(gè)小社區(qū)的一部分。他們渴望改變，并期待得到具體的支持。糧食生產(chǎn)和管理的問(wèn)題是我們共同的責(zé)任，我們必須與農(nóng)民攜手合作，共同治愈我們的世界)”可知，解決食物浪費(fèi)的關(guān)鍵是社會(huì)的廣泛參與。故選C項(xiàng)。CThebrainofafruitflyissmallenoughtofitontheheadofapin,yetitcontainsnearly140,000neurons(神經(jīng)元).Nowondermappingthiscomplexstructuretook5yearsandover200people—amonumentalprojectdiscussedinabodyofpapers.Brainmappingisoneofthemostcomplextasksinneuroscience,whereminorerrorscansignificantlyaffectoutcomes.Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedata-hungryresearch.TheFlyWireconnectome(連接組)mapdevelopedbyMalaMurthy’steamatPrincetonUniversity,ishelpingtoadvanceneuroscience.Thisprojectcreateda“wiringdiagram”ofneuronconnectionsanddiscovered4,581celltypes,manyinlesser-studiedbrainregions.Researchersworldwideareusingthismaptostudyneuronalcontroloffeedingbehaviorsofflies.Additionally,ateamfromtheUniversityofCaliforniausesittounderstandhowspecializedneuronsintheflybrainprocessvisualinformation.Bystudyingtheintricatestructureofitsbrain,scientistscanbetterunderstandhowhumanbrainworksandthefundamentalmechanismsthatgovernneuralsystem.Volunteerswerecrucialinlabelingthemapanddouble-checkingitsaccuracy.Theprojectinitiatedwithelectronmicroscopyimagesoftheflybrain,whichwereusedtotrainAItocreateawiringdiagram.Fact-checkingmillionsofdatapointswaslabor-intensive;thus,projectco-leaderSebastiandevelopedEyeWire,aninteractivegame-likeplatformwheretop-performingvolunteerswerepicked.ThoseshortlistedwerethentrainedtoproofreadAI-generateddataintherealproject,ataskthatwouldhaverequired33full-timeneuroscientistsforayear.Murthynotedthatthiscooperativeapproachcouldbeappliedtolargerprojects.Increasingly,amateurscientistsareinvolvedinmoreresearchareas,helpingfilldatagap.Theuniqueaspectofthefly-brainprojectisthatcitizenscientistsassistfull-timescientistsconfirmingtheirfindings,amodelthatmayhavebroaderapplicationsinourdata-richworld.8.Whatisahighlightofthebrainmappingproject?A.Gettingridofunwantedoutcomes. B.Partneringamateurswithscientists.C.UsingAItoproducedesiredresults. D.Makingcontributionstouniversities.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph3?A.Straightforward. B.Administrative. C.Mature. D.Delicate.10.WhydidresearchersdevelopEyeWire?A.Toinitiatetheproject. B.Toselectcandidates.C.Toenhanceinteraction. D.Toconstructplatforms.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Understandingflybehavior:citizenscience’sroleinpublichealth.B.Unlockingflybrainsecrets:concertedscienceandamateurpower.C.Decodingflybrainforhumanemotions:findingsfromvolunteers.D.Probingintoflybrainconnections:insectsputscientiststothetest.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了果蠅大腦連接組映射項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息，包括項(xiàng)目的規(guī)模、意義、參與人員以及其對(duì)神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究的推動(dòng)作用，同時(shí)還闡述了業(yè)余科學(xué)家在數(shù)據(jù)密集型研究中的重要作用。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedata-hungryresearch.(值得注意的是，該項(xiàng)目的一些貢獻(xiàn)者是來(lái)自不同背景的志愿者，他們與神經(jīng)科學(xué)家合作，確認(rèn)人工智能（AI）產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，展示了業(yè)余科學(xué)如何增強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)饑渴的研究)”可知，大腦測(cè)繪項(xiàng)目的亮點(diǎn)是業(yè)余愛(ài)好者與科學(xué)家合作。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Thisprojectcreateda“wiringdiagram”ofneuronconnectionsanddiscovered4,581celltypes,manyinlesser-studiedbrainregions.Researchersworldwideareusingthismaptostudyneuronalcontroloffeedingbehaviorsofflies.

(該項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建了神經(jīng)元連接的“接線圖”，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了4581種細(xì)胞類型，其中許多位于研究較少的大腦區(qū)域。全世界的研究人員都在使用這張圖來(lái)研究果蠅攝食行為的神經(jīng)元控制)”可知，果蠅的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)雜的精密的，通過(guò)研究其復(fù)雜的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)，科學(xué)家可以更好地了解人類大腦是如何工作的，以及控制神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的基本機(jī)。由此猜測(cè)intricate應(yīng)是“復(fù)雜的，精密的”之意，和D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Volunteerswerecrucialinlabelingthemapanddouble-checkingitsaccuracy.Theprojectinitiatedwithelectronmicroscopyimagesoftheflybrain,whichwereusedtotrainAItocreateawiringdiagram.Fact-checkingmillionsofdatapointswaslabor-intensive;thus,projectco-leaderSebastiandevelopedEyeWire,aninteractivegame-likeplatformwheretop-performingvolunteerswerepicked.(志愿者在給地圖貼上標(biāo)簽和再次檢查其準(zhǔn)確性方面發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。該項(xiàng)目以蒼蠅大腦的電子顯微鏡圖像開(kāi)始，這些圖像被用來(lái)訓(xùn)練人工智能創(chuàng)建接線圖。對(duì)數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行事實(shí)核查是一項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)密集型工作；因此，項(xiàng)目聯(lián)合負(fù)責(zé)人塞巴斯蒂安開(kāi)發(fā)了EyeWire，這是一個(gè)類似互動(dòng)游戲的平臺(tái)，可以挑選出表現(xiàn)最好的志愿者)”可知，研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)EyeWire是為了選擇候選人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Brainmappingisoneofthemostcomplextasksinneuroscience,whereminorerrorscansignificantlyaffectoutcomes.Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedata-hungryresearch.(大腦繪圖是神經(jīng)科學(xué)中最復(fù)雜的任務(wù)之一，其中微小的錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)顯著影響結(jié)果。值得注意的是，該項(xiàng)目的一些貢獻(xiàn)者是來(lái)自不同背景的志愿者，他們與神經(jīng)科學(xué)家合作，確認(rèn)人工智能（Al）產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，展示了業(yè)余科學(xué)如何增強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)饑渴的研究)”以及最后一段“Increasingly,amateurscientistsareinvolvedinmoreresearchareas,helpingfilldatagapTheuniqueaspectofthefly-brainprojectisthatcitizenscientistsassistfull-timescientistsconfirmingtheirfindings,amodelthatmayhavebroaderapplicationsinourdata-richworld.(越來(lái)越多的業(yè)余科學(xué)家參與到更多的研究領(lǐng)域，幫助填補(bǔ)數(shù)據(jù)空白。蒼蠅大腦項(xiàng)目的獨(dú)特之處在于，公民科學(xué)家?guī)椭毧茖W(xué)家確認(rèn)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種模式在我們這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)豐富的世界可能會(huì)有更廣泛的應(yīng)用)”可知，本文主要介紹了果蠅大腦連接組映射項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息以及業(yè)余科學(xué)家在數(shù)據(jù)密集型研究中的重要作用，所以B項(xiàng)“解開(kāi)蒼蠅大腦的秘密：協(xié)調(diào)一致的科學(xué)和業(yè)余力量?！笔潜疚淖詈玫臉?biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。DIfyouproudlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhyyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusionofinformationadequacy”.“Wefoundthat,ingeneral,peopledon’tstoptothinkwhethertheremightbemoreinformationthatwouldhelpthemmakeamoreinformeddecision,”saidstudyco-authorAngusFletcher,aprofessorofEnglishatTheOhioStateUniversity.“Ifyougivepeopleafewpiecesofinformationthatseemstolineup,mostwillsay‘thatsoundsaboutright’andgowiththat.”Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,involved1,261Americanswhoparticipatedonline.Theyweresplitintothreegroupswhoreadanarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedadequatewater.Onegroupreadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldmergewithanotherthathadadequatewater;asecondgroup’sarticleonlygavereasonsforstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutions;andthethirdgroupreadalltheargumentsfortheschoolsmergingandforstayingseparate.Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory—eitherjustthepro-mergingorjusttheanti-mergingarguments—stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.“Thosewithhalftheinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthecompletestory,”Fletchersaid.Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofna?verealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonalviewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonna?verealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.“Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?’”Fletchersaid,“That’sthewaytofightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.”12.Whatwill“illusionofinformationadequacy”makeusdo?A.Believewehaveenoughinformation.B.Judgeifwehaveenoughinformation.C.Seekallinformationtomakeadecision.D.Hesitatetodecidewithoutfullinformation.13.Inthestudy,whoaremoreconfidentindecision-making?A.Criticalinformationreaders. B.Balancedinformationreaders.C.Overloadedinformationreaders. D.One-sidedinformationreaders.14.Whichoftheexamplescanillustratena?verealism?A.Ateacherencouragesmultipleviewpoints.B.Ascientistdrawsaconclusionbasedondata.C.Adriverinsiststheotherpartyisfullyresponsible.D.Astudentwritesanessaywithlimitedsearchresults.15.WhatdoesFletcheradviseustodointhetext?A.Torelyonyourowninformation. B.Tolistentothosewhoagreewithyou.C.Tothinkaboutoverlookedviewpoints. D.Toassumeyouhavealltherelevantfacts.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，該研究揭示了人們?cè)跔?zhēng)論中為何可能堅(jiān)信自己是正確的，而實(shí)際上可能是錯(cuò)誤的，即“信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)”現(xiàn)象，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明，最后給出了應(yīng)對(duì)這種錯(cuò)覺(jué)的建議?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouproudlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhyyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusionofinformationadequacy”.(如果你驕傲地認(rèn)為自己在與朋友或同事的分歧中是對(duì)的，一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了為什么你實(shí)際上可能是錯(cuò)的。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們很自然地認(rèn)為自己掌握了做出決定或支持自己立場(chǎng)所需的所有信息，即使事實(shí)并非如此。研究人員稱之為“信息充足的錯(cuò)覺(jué)”)”可知，“信息充足的錯(cuò)覺(jué)”會(huì)讓人們很自然地認(rèn)為自己掌握了做出決定或支持自己立場(chǎng)所需的所有信息。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory—eitherjustthepro-mergingorjusttheanti-mergingarguments—stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.“Thosewithhalftheinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthecompletestory,”Fletchersaid.(研究結(jié)果表明，兩組只讀了一半故事的人——要么只讀了支持合并的觀點(diǎn)，要么只讀了反對(duì)合并的觀點(diǎn)——仍然認(rèn)為他們有足夠的信息來(lái)做出正確的決定。弗萊徹說(shuō)：“那些掌握了一半信息的人實(shí)際上比那些掌握了全部信息的人在決定合并或保持分離時(shí)表現(xiàn)出更大的確定性?！?”可推知，片面的信息閱讀者對(duì)決策更有信心。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofna?verealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonalviewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonna?verealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)增進(jìn)了我們對(duì)天真現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的理解，即如弗萊徹所指出的，個(gè)體將其個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)視為事實(shí)真相。關(guān)于天真現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的研究通常關(guān)注人們?nèi)绾螌?duì)同一情境有不同的理解)”可知，天真現(xiàn)實(shí)主義指的是個(gè)人將他們的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)視為事實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)，所以C項(xiàng)“一名司機(jī)堅(jiān)稱，對(duì)方應(yīng)負(fù)全部責(zé)任?！笨梢哉f(shuō)明天真現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?””Fletchersaid,“That’sthewaytofightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.”(“當(dāng)你不同意別人的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，你的第一步應(yīng)該是想，‘我是否遺漏了一些東西，可以幫助我更好地理解他們的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)？’”弗萊徹說(shuō)，“這就是對(duì)抗信息充足錯(cuò)覺(jué)的方法?！?”可知，弗萊徹建議思考被忽視的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whetherafriendhasbrokenupwiththeirlong-termpartner,acolleagueislosinghisjob,oralovedonehasbeendiagnosedwithahealthcondition,therearetimeswhenpeoplesharedifficultnewswithus.Wemaybeunsureabouthowbesttohelporfeelawkwardanduncomfortable.____16____ShowyoucareRuth,apsychologistatStonyBrookUniversity,recommendstryingtofindsomewherequiettohavetheconversationifpossible.____17____“Goodeyecontactandrelaxednon-verbalcues,suchasleaningforwardslightly,noddingandusingappropriatefacialexpressionsthatconveywarmthandempathycanputthepersonatease.Acknowledgingtheirfeelingsthroughstatementshelpspeoplefeelheard,”Ruthcontinues.AskwhattheyneedSometimespeopleneedtoletoffsteamandothertimestheywantsolutions,soit’sbesttoaskhowyoucansupportthem.Checkwhethertheywouldlikeadviceorjusttosharetheirexperience.Ruthsays,“____18____”____19____Accidentallywetendtounderstatetheperson’sexperiencewithcommentslike“____20____”Thiscaninvalidate(駁斥)theirfeelingsandexperiences.Ruthalsorecommendstryingtoavoidofferinguninvitedadvice,orpushingthepersonintoproblem-solvingbeforetheyfeelready.“Theymayalreadybeoverwhelmedandabarrageofpossibilitiesandsolutions,withoutagoodunderstandingofallthefactors,canbeunhelpfulandmakethepersonfeelunheard,”shesays.“Trytoavoidmakingyourselfthefocusoftheconversation,”addsRuth.A.Itcouldhavebeenworse.B.ItistheworstnewsI’veheard.C.Trynottominimizeormakeitaboutyou.D.Avoidlookingatyourphoneorotherdistractions.E.Listeningismorepowerfulthancomfortingwords.F.Here,welookatwhattodowhensomeonesharestheirdifficultnewswithyou.G.Askingcanofferthepersonasenseofbeingheardwhentheyfeeloverwhelmed.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.C20.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了當(dāng)有人與你分享他們的壞消息時(shí)，你應(yīng)該如何做，給出了一些具體的建議，如表現(xiàn)出關(guān)心、詢問(wèn)對(duì)方需要什么、盡量不要輕描淡寫或把話題引到自己身上等?！?6題詳析】設(shè)空位于首段段尾，應(yīng)是起到點(diǎn)明本文主題，引出下文的作用，根據(jù)前文“Whetherafriendhasbrokenupwiththeirlong-termpartner,acolleagueislosinghisjob,oralovedonehasbeendiagnosedwithahealthcondition,therearetimeswhenpeoplesharedifficultnewswithus.Wemaybeunsureabouthowbesttohelporfeelawkwardanduncomfortable.(不管是朋友和長(zhǎng)期伴侶分手了，同事失業(yè)了，還是愛(ài)人被診斷出患有疾病，總有一些時(shí)候人們會(huì)和我們分享不幸的消息。我們可能不確定如何最好地幫助或感到尷尬和不舒服)”可知，本文主題，應(yīng)是有人和你分享不幸的消息時(shí)如何處理，所以F項(xiàng)“Here,welookatwhattodowhensomeonesharestheirdifficultnewswithyou.(在這里，我們來(lái)看看當(dāng)有人和你分享他們艱難的消息時(shí)該怎么做)”符合文意，承接上文，點(diǎn)明主題。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Ruth,apsychologistatStonyBrookUniversity,recommendstryingtofindsomewherequiettohavetheconversationifpossible.(石溪大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家魯斯建議，如果可能的話，盡量找一個(gè)安靜的地方進(jìn)行對(duì)話)”可知，D項(xiàng)“Avoidlookingatyourphoneorotherdistractions.(避免看手機(jī)或其他讓人分心的東西)”是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Sometimespeopleneedtoletoffsteamandothertimestheywantsolutions,soit’sbesttoaskhowyoucansupportthem.Checkwhethertheywouldlikeadviceorjusttosharetheirexperience.(有時(shí)人們需要發(fā)泄，有時(shí)他們需要解決方案，所以最好問(wèn)問(wèn)你如何支持他們。看看他們是需要建議還是只是分享他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，本段主要講述可以詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的需求，所以G項(xiàng)“Askingcanofferthepersonasenseofbeingheardwhentheyfeeloverwhelmed.(當(dāng)他們感到不知所措時(shí)，詢問(wèn)可以給他們一種被傾聽(tīng)的感覺(jué))”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，符合本段主題。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】設(shè)空為本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Ruthalsorecommendstryingtoavoidofferinguninvitedadvice,orpushingthepersonintoproblem-solvingbeforetheyfeelready.“Theymayalreadybeoverwhelmedandabarrageofpossibilitiesandsolutions,withoutagoodunderstandingofallthefactors,canbeunhelpfulandmakethepersonfeelunheard,”shesays.“Trytoavoidmakingyourselfthefocusoftheconversation,”addsRuth.(魯斯還建議，盡量避免主動(dòng)提供未經(jīng)請(qǐng)求的建議，或者在對(duì)方還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好之前就催促他們解決問(wèn)題。她說(shuō)：“他們可能已經(jīng)不知所措，而在沒(méi)有充分了解所有因素的情況下，一大堆可能性和解決方案可能會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得無(wú)助，并感覺(jué)自己沒(méi)有被傾聽(tīng)?！濒斔寡a(bǔ)充道：“盡量不要讓自己成為談話的焦點(diǎn)?！?”可知，本段主要講述不要在沒(méi)有充分了解所有因素的情況下，給出一大堆可能性和解決方案，或把話題引到自己身上。所以C項(xiàng)“Trynottominimizeormakeitaboutyou.(盡量不要輕描淡寫或把話題引到自己身上)”符合本段主題，為本段小標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Accidentallywetendtounderstatetheperson’sexperiencewithcommentslike(我們無(wú)意中傾向于低估別人的經(jīng)歷，比如)”可知，空處應(yīng)是針對(duì)低估別人的經(jīng)歷這件事，進(jìn)行舉例，所以A項(xiàng)“Itcouldhavebeenworse.(本來(lái)可能更糟)”符合此處主題，是對(duì)前文的舉例。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。It’salwaysdarkestbeforedawn.Althoughdawnpromiseslight,itbringssomepain.StandinginfrontofUnsicht-Bar,Iwashalf-readyformysensestobe____21____astheyhadadvertised,thoughIfeltsomewhatuncertainaboutwhatwouldhappennext.Iwasn’tleft____22____forlongwhenawaiterarrivedand____23____metofollowhimthroughtheentrance.DiningintheDarkisaconceptthat____24____aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests,withprovidingjobsforvisually____25____individuals.Lightsout,darknessfelluponme.Intheabsenceofsight,thefamiliartransformedintothe____26____.Ittookmeseveral____27____tofinallylocatemyglass.Celebratingthat____28____,Ididn’trealizekeepingitfromspilling(溢出)wasevenharder.Oftenempty-forked,Iknewitwastimeformyhandstotakeover,soI____29____myhandsforfoodasiftodrinkfromastream.Thefoodwassimilarly____30____inmystery(神秘).Withmy____31____gone,mysenseofsmellfailed,andthetasteoffooddidn’tdelivertheexpected____32____experience.Theexperiencehighlightsmyinabilitytocopewithsightlessness,whichgoesbeyonddailytaskslikediningormaking____33____soundswhenwalkingonthepavementto____34____danger.I’mgratefultohavethis____35____experiencewithblindindividuals.21.A.praised B.heightened C.lowered D.recovered22.A.weeping B.talking C.running D.wondering23.A.ordered B.forced C.signaled D.persuaded24.A.illustrates B.describes C.combines D.contrasts25.A.challenged B.engaging C.enhanced D.pleasing26.A.unknown B.unrest C.unconscious D.unfortunate27.A.thoughts B.items C.attempts D.successes28.A.victory B.diversity C.liberty D.anniversary29.A.washed B.cupped C.shook D.clapped30.A.absorbed B.invested C.occupied D.blanketed31.A.enthusiasm B.trust C.wealth D.vision32.A.time-consuming B.mind-blowing C.pain-relieving D.risk-taking33.A.clicking B.documented C.agreeable D.elegant34.A.giveriseto B.losetrackof C.keepclearof D.getusedto35.A.extensive B.shared C.previous D.abnormal【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.A27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.B33.A34.C35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了作者在Unsicht-Bar（一家黑暗餐廳）的一次特別的在黑暗中用餐的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：站在Unsicht-Bar前，我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了像他們宣傳的那樣提高我的感覺(jué)，盡管我對(duì)接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么感到有些不確定。A.praised贊揚(yáng)；B.heightened加強(qiáng)，提高；C.lowered降低；D.recovered恢復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“DiningintheDarkisaconceptthat

_____

aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests”可知，此處是指在黑暗中看不見(jiàn)的情況下用餐使其他感覺(jué)得到增強(qiáng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒(méi)等我想多久，一個(gè)服務(wù)員來(lái)了，示意我跟著他穿過(guò)入口。A.weeping哭泣；B.talking談話；C.running跑步；D.wondering想知道，琢磨，好奇。根據(jù)前文“Ifeltsomewhatuncertainaboutwhatwouldhappennext”可知，作者對(duì)接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么感到有些不確定，作者沒(méi)有琢磨多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，服務(wù)員來(lái)了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒(méi)等我想多久，一個(gè)服務(wù)員來(lái)了，示意我跟著他穿過(guò)入口。A.ordered命令；B.forced強(qiáng)迫；C.signaled發(fā)信號(hào)，示意；D.persuaded勸說(shuō)。根據(jù)后文“tofollowhimthroughtheentrance”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處應(yīng)是“服務(wù)員示意我跟著他穿過(guò)入口”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“DiningintheDark”是一個(gè)概念，它將創(chuàng)新的用餐體驗(yàn)、增強(qiáng)客人的感官刺激以及為視覺(jué)障礙人士提供工作機(jī)會(huì)相結(jié)合。A.illustrates說(shuō)明；B.describes描述；C.combines結(jié)合；D.contrasts對(duì)比。根據(jù)后文“aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests,withprovidingjobsforvisually_____individuals.”可知，此處指“DiningintheDark”這一概念是將創(chuàng)新的用餐體驗(yàn)、增強(qiáng)客人的感官刺激以及為視覺(jué)障礙人士提供工作機(jī)會(huì)相結(jié)合。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“DiningintheDark”是一個(gè)概念，它將為視覺(jué)障礙人士提供工作機(jī)會(huì)與一種創(chuàng)新的用餐體驗(yàn)相結(jié)合，為客人增強(qiáng)感官刺激。A.challenged傷殘的，（生理或精神狀況）有障礙的；B.engaging吸引人的；C.enhanced提高的；D.pleasing令人愉快的。根據(jù)后文“I’mgratefultohavethis_______experiencewithblindindividuals.”可知，此處指為盲人提供工作機(jī)會(huì)，也就是視覺(jué)障礙人士。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在看不見(jiàn)的情況下，熟悉的東西變成了未知的東西。A.unknown未知的事物；B.unrest動(dòng)蕩；C.unconscious無(wú)意識(shí)；D.unfortunate不幸的人。根據(jù)前文“