上海卷05（含聽力）-2024年高考英語一輪復習測試卷（解析版）

上海卷05（含聽力）1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本次考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或寫（非選擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三一模SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Themuseum. B.Theairport.C.Thehotel. D.Thecampus.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,wherecanItransferforaflighttoSingapore?W:Thisway,please.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?2.A.Hostandguest. B.Lawyerandclient.C.Guideandtourist. D.Doctorandpatient.【答案】D【原文】M:WhencanIgobacktomyschool?W:Isuggestyoushouldhaveagoodrestuntilyouhavenosymptomandyourtemperaturegoesbacktonormal.Q:What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?3.A.$5. B.$10. C.$15. D.$20.【答案】D【原文】M:Sowhathaveyouboughtfromthenewsupermarket?W:Aleave-inconditioner.Itwasarealbargain.Igotithalfprice,saving10dollars.Q:Whatistheoriginalpriceoftheconditioner?4.A.Shefeelsalittlebitdisappointed.B.Sheisthinkingofmovingtothesouth.C.ShewonderswheretheBrownsaregoing.D.ShehasfoundanewwaytocontacttheBrowns.【答案】A【原文】M:AreyoudisappointedthattheBrownsaremovingtothesouth?W:Insomeway,Iguess.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?5.A.TrytogetaridewithPete. B.TakeanairplanetoYellowstone.C.AskPeteabouthisgeologyclass. D.DrivehercartoYellowstone.【答案】A【原文】W:DoyouknowanyonewhoisdrivingtothegeologyfieldtripatYellowstoneNationalPark?M:Peteis.Ithinkhehasroomforanotherperson.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?6.A.Themanshouldexercisefirstafterhegetsup.B.Themancanexerciseformanytimesaday.C.Themanshouldfirstpreparehisbreakfast.D.Themancanexercisewhenhehastime.【答案】A【原文】M:Iwanttoexercisebutneverseemtohavetime.W:Whynotdoitthefirstthinginthemorning?Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?7.A.Hemaysellittotheownerofahotel.B.Hemayrentitoutforuseasahotel.C.Hemayredecorateitanduseitasahotel.D.Hemaytearitdownandbuildanewhotel.【答案】C【原文】W:WhatisMr.PetersongoingtodowithhisoldhouseonBostonRoad?Rentitorsellit?M:I’veheardheisconsideringturningitintoasmallhotel,whichisn’tabadidea,asit’snexttoatouristattraction.Q:WhatwillMr.Petersondowithhisoldhouse?8.A.Therearedifferentkindsoffolders.B.Thisdecisionrequirescarefulthought.C.Itdoesn’tmatterwhichfoldersheuses.D.Thecolorofthefoldersuggeststhecontent.【答案】C【原文】W:Idon’tknowwhichfoldertouse,whiteorbrown?M:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?It’sthecontentthatcounts.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.A.Annieshouldtrytoavoidgettingsick.B.HehasknownAnnie’sneighborformanyyears.C.Hehasheardofmanycomposersofclassicalmusic.D.Anniemightspendalotofmoneyonclassicalmusic.【答案】D【原文】W:Mynewneighbornextdoorisreallygreat.She’sgotafantasticcollectionofclassicalmusic.ImeandozensofcomposersI’veneverevenheardof.M:Justbecareful,Annie,ahobbylikethatcanbeinfectiousandexpensive.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?10.A.Shealsoneedsanewtennisracket.B.Shewantstoborrowsomemoney,too.C.Shedoesn’tthinkBrianwillrepaythemoney.D.Shecouldn’tgetBriantoplaytennis.【答案】C【原文】M:IfIcangetBriantopaybackmoneyIlenthimlastweek,Icouldgetthatnewtennisracket.W:Howdoyoupicturethat?IhopeyouhavebetterluckthanIdid.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。11.A.Peopleundergreatpressure.B.Peoplewaitingforoperations.C.Peopledealingwithcancer.D.Peoplewithmentaldisorder.12.A.Singingcancurepatientswithcancer.B.Thesingersfeltlessstressfulaftersinging.C.Thesingers’psychologicalactivitiesincreased.D.Singingwasbeneficialtorepairingcellgenes.13.A.Anewly-establishedsinginggroupinWales.B.Theconnectionbetweencancerandstressrelief.C.Analternativetotraditionalcancertreatments.D.Supportiveeffectsofsingingoncancersufferers.【答案】11.C12.B13.D【原文】Thisisn’tatypicalsingingpractice.Andit’snotheldinatraditionalpracticespace.Thesesingersarealldealingwithcancer,theirsortheirlovedone’s.RosieDow,wholeadsthesinginggroupsatTenovusCancerCareintheUKsaid,“Therearepeopleinourgroupswhoareundergoingtreatmentrightnow.Therearesomepeoplewhoarewaitingfortreatment.”Virtually,chorusmembershavesaidthatsingingloudlymakesthemfeelgood.ButDowandhercolleagueswantedtoseeifthatpsychologicaleffectmighttranslatetoabiologicaleffect.SotheyselectedfivesinginggroupsinWales—withatotalof193singers—andtooksamplesbothbeforeandafteranhourofsinging.Theyfoundthatsingershadsignificantlylowerlevelsofthestresshormoneaftersingingtogether,alongwithanincreaseinproteinscalledcellgenes—whichtheresearcherssaymightsuggestaboostinimmuneactivity.It’sstillnotclearwhetherthesebiochemicalchangestranslatetoanybetteroutcomeforpatients.Andsingingpracticeisinadditionto—notinsteadof—traditionaltreatments.Dowsaid,“Wewouldn’trecommenditasanalternativetosurgeryoranyoftheothertraditionalcancertreatments,butintermsofpeople’smentalhealth,thismightbeagoodcomplementtothetreatmentthatthey’rehaving.”(Nowlistenagain,please.)Question:Whoarethemembersinthissinginggroup?WhatdidDowandhercolleaguesfindintheirstudy?What’sthepassagemainlyabout?聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。14.A.China. B.Egypt. C.Spain. D.Siberia.15.A.Avoidtheepidemic.B.Makeslavestougher.C.Serveassacrifices.D.Bethefoodforlambs.16.A.Thehistoryofgarliccultivation.B.Thedifferentwaysofcookinggarlic.C.Thecharacteristicsandusesofgarlic.D.Garlic’sextensiveimpactonourmodernlife.【答案】14.D15.A16.C【原文】Allaroundtheworld,forover4,000years,garlichasplayedmanyimportantrolesinourdailylives.Manycountriesgrowgarlictoday,likeChina,Egypt,Spain,etc.GarlicoriginatesfromthedesertregionofSiberia,wherethesummersaredryandhot.Inordertosurvive,thewildgarlicplanthadtoadapttothisharshclimate.Garlichadtogrowwhentherewasmoisture,inthespringandfall,anditalsohadtobeabletosurvivewithoutwaterfortheexceptionallydrysummerandwintermonths.Oncediscoveredbyhumans,itisnowonderthatgarlicquicklybecameimportantcropofalmosteverycivilizationintheworld.TheancientEgyptiansfedittoslavesbuildingthepyramidstoincreasetheirtoughness.InancientGreeceandRome,garlicwasclaimedtohavemoreusessuchastreatingdogbites.IntheMiddleAges,soldiersreturningtoEuropeafterfarawaybattlesweregenerallycreditedwithbringinggarlicbackwiththem,foritwasthoughttopreventtheepidemic.Garlicwassoprizedinceremonyandritual,andit’ssaidthatlambsofferedforsacrificeinChinawereseasonedwithgarlictomakethemmorepleasingtothegods.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Question:Wheredoesgarlicoriginallycomefrom?WhatcouldgarlicdoaccordingtoEuropeansintheMiddleAges?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。17.A.Theacceptablebehaviorsatthecinema.B.Thedifferencebetweencinemaandhome.C.Theremarkonthelatestfilms.D.Thetreatmentpeoplegetatthecinema.18.A.Comfortable. B.Unhealthy.C.Annoying. D.Tolerable.19.A.Sendingmessages.B.Makingphonecalls.C.Takingselfies.D.Doingmakeup.20.A.Totakeacomfortableseat.B.Toappreciatethefilmattentively.C.Tobehaveourselvesatthecinema.D.Tobringcleardigitalprojection.【答案】17.A18.C19.D20.C【原文】W:Thisis6MinuteEnglishfromBBC.I’mJessica.Hello,Neil.M:Hello,Jessica.W:Todaywearetalkingaboutsomethingwemustallhaveanopinionon—it’scinemamanners.Whatdoyouthinkitis?M:Ithinkitiswhatistherightwaytobehavewhenyougotoseeafilmatthecinema.W:Youmeanhowwebehavethereisdifferentfromhowwebehavewhenwe’rewatchingafilmathome.M:Yes,butsomepeopleseemtoforgetthat,don’tthey?Somepeopleeventreatthecinemaliketheirownhouses.W:Theyforgetotherpeoplearesittingaroundthem.Whatdoyouthinkisunbearable?M:Peopleeatingreallyannoysme—Ihatetherustleofsweetwrappersandthecrackleofacrisppacket.It’smessytoo.W:That’sreallydisturbing.Anythingelse?M:Anewlowwasreached,asthewomaninfrontofmegetsthephoneout...W:Standardthing,suchassendingmessagesthatkindofstuff.M:Butshethenhasanapponherphonewhichturnsherphoneintoamirror,OK.Andthenwithhercolleague’storchappontheirphone,sheproceedstodohermakeupduringthemovie!W:That,myfriend,isunbelievable!M:It’sbadmannersandIwonderwhysheevenbotheredgoingtothecinema.W:Oh,Idon’tthinkmobilephonesatthecinemaareagoodidea.M:WhenIgotoseeafilm,allIwantisacomfortableseatandtobeabletoseeandhearthefilm.Idon’twantdistractions!W:Yes,Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Toreallyappreciatethesurround-soundandcleardigitalprojectionyouneedawell-behavedaudience.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:Whatiscinemamannersaccordingtotheman?Whatdoesthemanthinkofpeopleeatingatthecinema?Accordingtotheman,whatdoesthestrangerwomandoatthecinema?Whatdoesthewomanappealtoustodowhenseeingafilm?Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.2023屆上海市閔行區(qū)高三下學期二模Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationforover20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreats___21___resupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themore___22___maylosenutrients.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechance___23___(taste)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers___24___(raise)inspace.PlantHabitat-04wasoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratory___25___pepperstookmuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplantsthere.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepeppers___26___(harvest)onFriday.Whenthevegetableswerereadytoeat,theastronautsalsocompletedasensoryassessment.Theyratedtheflavor,color,appearance,andtasteoftheproducetosee___27___thelaborovertheirgreensprovedfruitfulasasupplementtoprepackagedspacefood.Freshgreens,likepeppers,provideagreatsourceofkeynutrients,whichareessentialtohumanbodies.Freshgreensalsohavepsychologicalbenefits.Theycanhelptokeepmorale(士氣)andprovideasenseofnormalcy(正常)onmissions___28___alltheconditionsaredistinctivelydifferentfromtheearth.Freshgreensmakealong-durationmission___29___(bearable)byprovidingatasteofhome.Lookingtothefuture,theplantexperimentshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactthesustainabilityofspaceexploration.They____30____,oneday,provideafoodsourceforlong-termhabitationofMarsandotherplanets.【答案】21.from##through22.it23.totaste24.raised25.because##as##since##for26.wereharvested27.whether##if28.where29.morebearable30.can##may##could##might【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了自2015年以來，宇航員已經在空間站成功種植了十種不同的作物，并有機會品嘗每一種。周五，國際空間站為宇航員舉辦了一個派對，慶祝收獲了第一批在太空種植的辣椒。21考查介詞。句意：他們的食物是包裝好的，盡管有時宇航員會從（通過）補給任務中獲得新鮮的食物。表示“從……中”或“通過”應用介詞from或through。故填from/through。22考查代詞。句意：包裝食品儲存的時間越長，其營養(yǎng)損失就越大。此處指代上文packagedfood，應用代詞it。故填it。23考查非謂語動詞。句意：自2015年以來，宇航員已經在空間站成功種植了十種不同的作物，并有機會品嘗每一種。名詞chance后跟不定式作后置定語。故填totaste。24考查非謂語動詞。句意：周五，國際空間站為宇航員舉辦了一個派對，慶祝收獲了第一批在太空種植的辣椒。分析句子結構可知raise與邏輯主語thefirstchilipeppers構成被動關系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，表被動和完成。故填raised。25考查狀語從句。句意：“植物棲息地-04”是軌道實驗室中最復雜的植物實驗之一，因為辣椒的生長時間比之前的實驗植物長得多。引導原因狀語從句，表示“因為”應用because/as/since/for。故填because/as/since/for。26考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：經過四個月的生長，這些辣椒于周五收獲。主語peppers與謂語harvest構成被動關系，且根據(jù)后文onFriday可知為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，謂語用復數(shù)。故填wereharvested。27考查賓語從句。句意：當這些蔬菜可以吃的時候，宇航員還完成了一個感官評估。他們對這些蔬菜的味道、顏色、外觀和味道進行打分，看看這些蔬菜作為預先包裝的太空食品的補充是否有益。引導賓語從句，從句表示“是否”應用whether或if。故填whether/if。28考查定語從句。句意：它們可以幫助保持士氣，并在所有條件與地球截然不同的任務中提供一種正常的感覺。定語從句修飾先行詞missions，從句缺少地點狀語，故用where引導。故填where。29考查比較級。句意：新鮮的蔬菜提供了一種家的味道，使長期的任務更容易忍受。表示“更容易忍受”應用比較級，故填morebearable。10考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：有一天，它們可以/可能為火星和其他行星的長期居住提供食物來源。后跟動詞原形，結合句意表示“可能”、“可以”應用情態(tài)動詞can/may/could/might。故填can/may/could/might。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2023屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三下學期二模A.automaticallyB.coexistC.conceptD.discontinuedE.discouragedF.necessarilyG.optimismH.pricedI.profit-generatingJ.promotionalK.trashTooGoodToGoAroundthecountry,appsthatconnectcustomerstobusinesseswithleftoverfoodhavebeguntospread.The___31___issimple:Restaurantsandgrocerystoresthrowawayhugeamountsoffoodeveryday.Ratherthan___32___it,appslikeTooGoodToGoandFlashfoodhelpbusinessessellitatareducedprice.Theyclaimthatthebusinessesandbuyersarehelpingtheenvironmentbecausethefoodwouldotherwisebecomefoodwaste,abigcontributortoclimatechange.IntheUnitedStates,customersin12citiescanlookthroughrestaurantsandstoresonTooGoodToGo,thenreserve“surprisebags”thattypicallycostabout$4to$6andcontainfoodthatwouldhavebeen___33___atroughlythreetimesthatamount.Severalfoodwasteexpertsexpressed___34___thatthesetypesofappscouldhelplimittheamountofwastedfood.Andeventhoughcharitableorganizationsoftenredirectunwantedfoodfromrestaurantsandgrocerystorestofoodbanksandcommunitykitchens,there’sspaceforallofthesekindsofsolutionsto___35___.Onecomplicationisthat,accordingtointerviewswithseveralcompaniessellingonTooGoodToGo,atleastafewitemsforsaletherearen’t___36___whatbuyersmightthinkofas“foodwaste.”TheownerofaBaltimoredessertshopsaidsheconsideredtheappa(n)___37___tooltoreachnewcustomersbysellingwhatshecalled“l(fā)ittlesamples.”Abeercompanyownersaidheusedtheapptosell___38___products,butalsosoldnewflavorsthereinhopesofattractingnewcustomers.Mr.Crummie,theTooGoodToGodirector,saidtheapp___39___thistypeofbehavior.“Ifsomebodyispaying$5,theyshouldbereceiving$15worthoffood,”hesaid.“Soit’snota(n)___40___platform.”【答案】31.C32.K33.H34.G35.B36.F37.J38.D39.E40.I【解析】本文為一篇新聞報道。這是一篇說明文。主要講述了有些手機應用程序可讓顧客以低價程序買到要被浪費的食物。他們聲稱這么做可以避免食物浪費，保護環(huán)境。31考查名詞。句意：這個概念很簡單：餐館和雜貨店每天扔掉大量的食物。根據(jù)上文“Aroundthecountry,appsthatconnectcustomerstobusinesseswithleftoverfoodhavebeguntospread.(在全國各地，把顧客和有剩飯剩菜的商家聯(lián)系起來的應用程序已經開始普及)”可知，那些app的宗旨是不浪費糧食，設空處應選名詞concept，意為“概念，觀念”，指代上句的leftoverfood的概念，作主語。符合語境。故選C項。32考查動詞。句意：TooGoodToGo和Flashfood等應用程序不會將其丟棄，而是幫助企業(yè)以低價出售。根據(jù)上句“The1issimple:Restaurantsandgrocerystoresthrowawayhugeamountsoffoodeveryday.(這個概念很簡單：餐館和雜貨店每天扔掉大量的食物。)”可知，在沒有app之前，餐館雜貨店會把大量食物扔到垃圾桶，設空處應用動詞trash，意為“丟棄，去除”，作Ratherthan的賓語。故選K項。33考查動詞。句意：在美國，12個城市的顧客可以在TooGoodToGo上瀏覽餐館和商店，然后預訂通常價值4到6美元的“驚喜包”，里面的食物價格大約是這個價格的三倍。根據(jù)語境，設空處應用動詞priced，意為“為……定價，標價”，為過去分詞，與havebeen構成現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，作定語從句的謂語動詞。故選H項。34考查名詞。句意：一些食物浪費專家樂觀地表示，這類應用程序有助于限制食物浪費。根據(jù)句中的“thatthesetypesofappscouldhelplimittheamountofwastedfood”可知，專家們對這類應用程序的作用意義很看好，設空處應選名詞optimism，意為“樂觀；樂觀主義”，作expressed的賓語。故選G項。35考查動詞。句意：盡管慈善組織經常將餐館和雜貨店不需要的食物轉移到食品銀行和社區(qū)廚房，但所有這些解決方案都有共存的空間。根據(jù)語境，設空處應用動詞coexist，意為“同時存在，共存”，此處填其原形和to構成不定式結構，作space的定語。故選B項。36考查副詞。句意：據(jù)對幾家在TooGoodtoGo網(wǎng)站上銷售的公司的采訪，一個復雜的問題是，至少有幾件商品并不一定是買家眼中的“食物垃圾”。此處考查短語notnecessarily，意為“未必，不一定”。故選F項。37考查形容詞。句意：巴爾的摩一家甜品店的老板說，她認為這款應用程序是通過銷售她所謂的“小樣品”來吸引新客戶的促銷工具。設空處應用形容詞promotional，意為“促銷的，推廣的”，promotionaltool意為“促銷工具”，形容詞修飾名詞作定語。故選J項。38考查形容詞。句意：一家啤酒公司的老板說，他使用該應用銷售停產的產品，但也在那里銷售新口味的產品，希望吸引新客戶。此處考查短語discontinuedproducts，意為“停產的商品”，設空處應用形容詞discontinued，作前置定語。故選D項。39考查動詞。句意：TooGoodToGo的總監(jiān)克拉米說，這款應用不鼓勵這種行為。根據(jù)語境，設空處應選動詞discouraged，意為“使打消念頭，勸阻”，作賓語從句的謂語，為一般過去時。故選E項。40考查形容詞短語。句意：所以這不是一個產生利潤的平臺。設空處在名詞platform之前，應選形容詞profit-generating，意為“營利的”，作定語。故選I項。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.2023屆上海市長寧區(qū)高三下學期二模Afterfivelongyears,itappearsCalifornia’sdroughtisfinallybecominglesssevere.___41___arecentstringofstorms,morethanathirdofthestatehasnowwelcomedhealthyprecipitation(降水量),andCalifornia’ssnowpack—a(n)___42___sourceofwaterastheyearprogresses—hasreachednearlytwiceitsseasonalaverageinsomepartsoftheSierraNevada.That’sadramaticimprovementoverlastsummer,whenliterallyeveryinchofthestate___43___droughtconditions.It’salsowelcomenewsforCalifornians,whohavefacedaseriesofwater___44___sinceGovernorJerryBrowndeclaredastateofemergencyinearly2014.Farmershavebeenforcedtospendheavilytomaintainproduction.Thestate’swaterstruggles,___45___,arefarfromover.Forone,nobodyknowsforsurehowlongtheserainswilllast.Althoughrecentprecipitationhasbeen___46___—insomeplacesmorethan80inches—theaccuracyofstormforecastingremains___47___beyondaweek.Californiansknowthisalltoowell:lastyear,expertsprojecteda“Godzilla”ElNi?othatwouldbringrecordlevelsofprecipitation.Itnever___48___.“Willsixweeksfromnowbewet?”asksJeanineJones,California’sinterstatewater-resourcesmanager.“Theskillinthatkindofforecastingisjustnotthere.”___49___,astormslowdownisaveryrealpossibility—anditcouldleaveCaliforniawithoutenoughwatertomakeitthroughthedrysummer.____50____,whenthathappens,thestatehasturnedtogroundwaterstoredinnaturalrockformationsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Butthose____51____remainusedupafteryearsofdrought;restoringthemcouldtakeyearsinsomeplaces,saysJones.Thequickinrushofwaterhasalsocreateda(n)____52____balancingactforwatermanagers.Keepingsurfacereservoirs(水庫)filledtotheedgeprotectsagainstthepossibilityofasuddendryspell,butitalso____53____theriskoffloodingifandwhenfuturestormshit.Tothatend,watermanagersopenedtheSacramentoWeirfloodgatesearlierthismonthtopourreservoirwaterintonearbyfieldsafter____54____showedlocalwaterlevelswouldlikelycontinuetorise.That’sacalculationthatwillbemadeacrossthestateinthecomingmonths.Fornow,though,Jonesisfocusedonplanningandensuringthestate’swatersupplywhatevermayhappen.“We’rehalfwaythroughourwettestseason,andconditionshavebeenencouraging,”shesays.“Iwouldsaywe’re____55____optimistic.”41.A.Accordingto B.Withrespectto C.Thanksto D.Inadditionto42.A.official B.exhaustible C.unexpected D.crucial43.A.experienced B.improved C.worsened D.investigated44.A.pollution B.restrictions C.pressure D.cycles45.A.nevertheless B.therefore C.meanwhile D.moreover46.A.accurate B.plentiful C.consistent D.emergent47.A.productive B.unchangeable C.progressive D.unreliable48.A.fellbehind B.brokedown C.cameabout D.tookoff49.A.Orelse B.Inotherwords C.Atthatpoint D.Aboveall50.A.Literally B.Contrarily C.Historically D.Consequently51.A.levels B.formations C.struggles D.reserves52.A.random B.delicate C.mechanical D.insensible53.A.heightens B.assumes C.minimizes D.identifies54.A.restorations B.calculations C.conditions D.projections55A.hopelessly B.extremely C.guardedly D.cheerfully【答案】41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.B47.D48.C49.B50.C51.D52.B53.A54.D55.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了加州今年干旱減輕的現(xiàn)狀，以及一些新的擔憂。41考查介詞短語辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列風暴，該州超過三分之一的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在迎來了健康的降水量，隨著時間的推移，加利福尼亞州的積雪——一個重要的水源——在內華達山脈的一些地區(qū)已經達到了季節(jié)平均水平的兩倍左右。A.Accordingto根據(jù)；B.Withrespectto關于；C.Thanksto由于；D.Inadditionto除了。根據(jù)上文“Afterfivelongyears,itappearsCalifornia’sdroughtisfinallybecominglesssevere.(經過漫長的五年，加州的干旱似乎終于減輕了。)”可知，干旱得到緩解，而下文指出的就是緩解的原因。故選C項。42考查形容詞辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列風暴，該州超過三分之一的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在迎來了健康的降水量,隨著時間的推移，加利福尼亞州的積雪——一個重要的水源——在內華達山脈的一些地區(qū)已經達到了季節(jié)平均水平的兩倍左右。A.official官方的；B.exhaustible用得盡的；C.unexpected未料想的；D.crucial至關重要的。根據(jù)本句“snowpack(積雪)”可知，積雪是重要水源。故選D項。43考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：與去年夏天相比，這有了顯著的改善，當時該州的每一寸土地都經歷了干旱。A.experienced經歷；B.improved提升；C.worsened惡化；D.investigated調查。根據(jù)本句搭配“everyinchofthestate(該州的每一寸土地)”和“droughtconditions(干旱狀況)”可知，此處指的是這個州去年暑假到處都很干旱，即經歷了干旱。故選A項。44考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對加州人來說也是個好消息，自2014年初州長杰里·布朗宣布進入緊急狀態(tài)以來，他們面臨著一系列的用水限制。A.pollution污染；B.restrictions限制；C.pressure壓力；D.cycles循環(huán)。根據(jù)下文“Farmershavebeenforcedtospendheavilytomaintainproduction.(農民們被迫花費巨資來維持生產。)”可知，因為干旱，包括農民在內的加州人遭受了很多麻煩，這是因為政府限制用水。故選B項。45考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，該州的水資源斗爭遠未結束。A.nevertheless然而；B.therefore因此；C.meanwhile同時；D.moreover而且。根據(jù)上文“That’sadramaticimprovementoverlastsummer,whenliterallyeveryinchofthestateexperienceddroughtconditions.(與去年夏天相比，這有了顯著的改善，當時該州的每一寸土地都經歷了干旱。)”可知，上文指出情況有好轉，但本段接著卻說斗爭未結束，這是一個不好的現(xiàn)象，即前后文存在轉折關系。故選A項。46考查形容詞辨析。句意：盡管最近一些地方的降雨量超過80英寸，但風暴預報的準確性在一周后仍然不可靠。A.accurate精準的；B.plentiful豐富的；C.consistent連貫的；D.emergent緊急的。根據(jù)本句破折號后的說明“insomeplacesmorethan80inches(一些地方的降雨量超過80英寸)”可知，降雨量充足。故選B項。47考查形容詞辨析。句意：盡管最近一些地方的降雨量超過80英寸，但對一周以后的風暴預報的準確性仍然不可靠。A.productive多產的；B.unchangeable無法改變的；C.progressive進步的；D.unreliable靠不住的。根據(jù)下文“Theskillinthatkindofforecastingisjustnotthere.(這種預測的技巧尚未存在)”可知，天氣預測的技巧尚不成熟，可推測準確性不可靠。故選D項。48考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這從來沒有發(fā)生過。A.fellbehind落后；B.brokedown出故障；C.cameabout出現(xiàn)；D.tookoff騰飛。根據(jù)上文“Californiansknowthisalltoowell:lastyear,expertsprojecteda“Godzilla”ElNi?othatwouldbringrecordlevelsofprecipitation.(加州人非常清楚這一點：去年，專家預測“哥斯拉”厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象將帶來創(chuàng)紀錄的降水量。)”可知，專家預測了降水；而下文“Theskillinthatkindofforecastingisjustnotthere.(這種預測的技巧尚未存在。)”可知，天氣預測的技巧尚不成熟，因此專家的推測并不準確，其推測的創(chuàng)紀錄的降水量并未出現(xiàn)。故選C項。49考查短語辨析。句意：換句話說，風暴減緩是一種非常現(xiàn)實的可能性，它可能會使加利福尼亞州沒有足夠的水來度過干燥的夏天。A.Orelse要不然；B.Inotherwords換言之；C.Atthatpoint就在那時；D.Aboveall總之。根據(jù)本句“astormslowdownisaveryrealpossibility—anditcouldleaveCaliforniawithoutenoughwatertomakeitthroughthedrysummer.(風暴減緩是一種非?，F(xiàn)實的可能性，它可能會使加利福尼亞州沒有足夠的水來度過干燥的夏天。)”可知，此處延續(xù)上文，繼續(xù)描述對降水量的推測，即是換一種方式說明上文提及的預測。故選B項。50考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：歷史上，當這種情況發(fā)生時，該州轉向儲存在地表深處天然巖層中的地下水。A.Literally字面意思地；B.Contrarily反之；C.Historically在歷史上；D.Consequently因此。根據(jù)本句“whenthathappens,thestatehasturnedtogroundwaterstoredinnaturalrockformationsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface(當這種情況發(fā)生時，該州轉向儲存在地表深處天然巖層中的地下水。)”可知，此句描述的是以前發(fā)生這種情況時的處理方法，即歷史上的處理方法。故選C項。51考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但經過多年的干旱，這些儲備仍然耗盡；瓊斯說，在某些地方，修復它們可能需要數(shù)年時間。A.levels水平；B.formations構成；C.struggles掙扎；D.reserves儲備。根據(jù)上文“Historically,whenthathappens,thestatehasturnedtogroundwaterstoredinnaturalrockformationsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface.(歷史上，當這種情況發(fā)生時，該州轉向儲存在地表深處天然巖層中的地下水。)”可知，以前發(fā)生干旱時，都會借助儲存在地表深層的地下水，這是水儲備的一種方式。故選D項。52考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：水的快速涌入也為水資源管理者創(chuàng)造了一種易被破壞的平衡行為。A.random隨機的；B.delicate易被破壞的；C.mechanical機械的；D.insensible無知覺的。根據(jù)下文“Keepingsurfacereservoirs(水庫)filledtotheedgeprotectsagainstthepossibilityofasuddendryspell,butitalsoheightenstheriskoffloodingifandwhenfuturestormshit.(保持地表水庫填充到邊緣可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未來風暴來襲，也會增加洪水的風險。)”可知，水的快速涌入很容易破壞平衡，同時可能造成干旱和洪水，即這種平衡很容易被破壞。故選B項。53考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：保持地表水庫填充到邊緣可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未來風暴來襲，也會增加洪水的風險。A.heightens使變高，使加強；B.assumes認為；C.minimizes最小化；D.identifies認出。根據(jù)本句前半句“Keepingsurfacereservoirs(水庫)filledtotheedgeprotectsagainstthepossibilityofasuddendryspell(保持地表水庫填充到邊緣可以防止突然干旱的可能性)”可知，這能防止干旱的可能性，但轉折連詞but說明下半句并列句與上文轉折，即在提高防止干旱的可能性的同時也增加了洪水的可能性。故選A項。54考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為此，在預測顯示當?shù)厮豢赡軙^續(xù)上升后，水務管理人員于本月早些時候打開了薩克拉門托堰的閘門，將水庫水倒入附近的田地。A.restorations恢復；B.calculations計算；C.conditions狀況；D.projections預測。根據(jù)下文“That’sacalculationthatwillbemadeacrossthestateinthecomingmonths.(這是未來幾個月將在全州范圍內進行的計算。)”可知，此處提及的未來幾個月將會進行計算就是一種預測。故選D項。55考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我想說，我們謹慎樂觀?！盇.hopelessly無望地；B.extremely極其；C.guardedly謹慎地；D.cheerfully開心地。根據(jù)上文“Fornow,though,Jonesisfocusedonplanningandensuringthestate’swatersupplywhatevermayhappen.(不過，目前，無論發(fā)生什么，瓊斯專注于規(guī)劃和確保該州的供水。)”可知，雖然目前狀況令人鼓舞，但是瓊斯表示還需專注于供水，故可知情況樂觀但也需謹慎對待。故選C項。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)2023屆上海市青浦區(qū)高三下學期二模Lifeislikearollercoaster;everypointhasupsanddowns.Thetrulyvictoriouspeoplestaycommittedtotheirbroadgoalseveninunplannedcircumstances.Onetrueexampleofsuchpeoplecomesfromawomanpassionateaboutspreadinghappinessandhelpingothers.NicoleThornesisamother,aformerpoliceofficer,andnowservingsocietyasadeathdoula.Believingsmalleffortscouldcomfortindividualsandunitesociety,Nicolethoughtapoliceofficerhadtheopportunitytopreventcrime,bringjusticeandcreateabettersocietyforeveryone.Shewasdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficertoprotectlifeandbringprosperity.AllherpassionandmotivationdrovehertopursueaCriminalJusticedegreetobecomeapoliceofficer.Althoughshebecameamotherduringherstudies,shedidn’tgiveuponherpassion.Nicolecouldhavecalledoffherstudies,butherpassionforservingsocietydidn’tletherstepdown.Shetookabreakfromherstudieswhenherkidsneededmoreattentionbutlatercamebacktocontinueherstudyandcompletedherdegree.Nicolefina