2022年河北省承德市高二下學期期末考試英語試卷

承德市高中2021~2022學年高二年級第二學期期末考試英語試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項選出最佳選項。AForcenturiespeoplehavewonderedwhowasthemodelforLeonarddodaVinci’sMonaLisaandwhatwasthereasonforhersmile.ButtheMonaLisaisjustoneofthemanymysteriesintheartworld.Herearesomeothernotableunsolvedartmysteriesthatmightbealittlelessfamiliar.Mystery1:WhoIsthegirlinJohannesVermeer’sGirlwithaPearlEarring?Around1665,DutchartistJohannesVermeerpaintedacharmingportraitofayounggirl.Peoplearoundtheglobehavelongwonderedwhothisfetchingyoungladywas.ManysayshemusthavebeenVermeer’sdaughterorgirlfriend.Othersthinkshewasn’tarealperson,butratheranintentionallymysterious,timelessfigure.Thepainting,referredtoasthe“MonaLisaoftheNorth”,hasbeenpartofTheHague’spermanentcollectionsince1903.Butitdrawsrecord-breakingcrowdswheneverandwhereverittoursaroundtheworld.Mystery2:WhereIsRaphael’sPortraitofaYoungMan?PortraitofaYoungManisconsideredoneofthemostimportantpiecesofarttogomissingduringWorldWarII.Thepaintingwascreatedaround1513byRaphael,afamousItalianRenaissanceartist,andstolenfromPoland’sPrincesCzartoryskiMuseumin1939.TheportraithadtraveledtoGermanyandAustriabeforeitwasgonein1945.Mystery3:WasVanGoghMurdered?OneofthemainthingspeopleknowaboutVincentvanGoghisthathecutoffhisear.ThatwaslikelybecausetheDutchpost-impressionistpaintersufferedfrommentalillness,probablyseveredepression.Theofficialcauseissuicidefromagunshotatcloserange.Thatcertainlyseemsplausible(貌似有理的),givenhispoormentalhealth.However,nogunwasfoundnearhisbody,andlocalsreportedtwoteenageboysbullyinghimshortlybeforehisdeath.1.WhatdoPortraitofaYoungManandGirlwithaPearlEarringhaveincommon?A.Theyarebothgone. B.Theyarebothportraits.C.Theywerecreatedatthesameperiod. D.TheyarebothrelatedtoWorldWarII.2.Whoprobablysufferedfrommentalillness?ALeonardodaVinci. B.JohannesVermeer. C.VincentvanGogh. D.Raphael.3.Whoislikelytobemoreinterestedinthisselection?A.Artlovers. B.Bookreviewers. C.Tourguides. D.Musiccomposers.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是幾個未解的藝術(shù)之謎?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mystery1:WhoIsthegirlinJohannesVermeer’sGirlwithaPearlEarring?部分的“Around1665,DutchartistJohannesVermeerpaintedacharmingportraitofayounggirl.(1665年左右，荷蘭畫家約翰內(nèi)斯·維米爾畫了一幅迷人的少女肖像。)”和Mystery2:WhereIsRaphael’sPortraitofaYoungMan?部分的“PortraitofaYoungManisconsideredoneofthemostimportantpiecesofarttogomissingduringWorldWarII.(《一個年輕人的肖像》被認為是二戰(zhàn)期間失蹤的最重要的藝術(shù)品之一。)”可知，PortraitofaYoungMan和GirlwithaPearlEarring的共同點在于它們都是肖像。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mystery3:WasVanGoghMurdered?部分的“OneofthemainthingspeopleknowaboutVincentvanGoghisthathecutoffhisear.ThatwaslikelybecausetheDutchpost-impressionistpaintersufferedfrommentalillness,probablyseveredepression.(人們對文森特·梵高的主要了解之一就是他割下了自己的耳朵。這可能是因為這位荷蘭后印象派畫家患有精神疾病，可能是嚴重的抑郁癥。)”可知，文森特·梵高可能患有精神疾病，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Herearesomeothernotableunsolvedartmysteriesthatmightbealittlelessfamiliar.(這里有一些其他可能不太熟悉的著名的未解藝術(shù)之謎。)”可知，本文是講的未解的藝術(shù)之謎，所以藝術(shù)愛好者應該對這個節(jié)選感興趣，故選A。BOneofthethreeastronautswhomadeupthehistoricApollo11crew,NASAveteranMichaelCollinspassedawaytoday,April28,2021,attheageof90.CollinswasbornonOet.31,1930,inRome,Italy.Hisfather,acareerofficerintheUS,Amywho’dgoontoretireasamajorgeneral,wasstationedthereatthetime.Afterhisfamilyreturnedstateside,CollinsearnedaBachelorofSciencedegreefromtheUS.MilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,graduatingwiththeclassof1952.HethenbecameanAirForcetestpilot,whichopenedsomeinterestingdoors.In1962,JohnGlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheEarth.Glenn’sachievementwasaninspirationforCollins.“Icertainlyhadnochildhooddreamofflyingtothemoonoranywhereelse,buttheideawasextremelyappealing.”CollinswroteinhisautobiographyCarryingtheFire:AnAstronaut’sJourneys.HewasselectedtojoinNASA’sthirdclassofastronautsthefollowingyear.Hisfirstextraterrestrial(地球外的)adventurecamein1966,whenCollinssetaboutonathree-dayspaceflightwithfellowastronautJohnYoung.KnownasGeminiX,theirmissionwasonefortherecordbooks;thetwomenreachedthethen-unprecedented(前所未有的)altitudeof475miles(764kilometers).Ofcourse,MichaelCollinsisbestrememberedforhisroleinApollo11.OnJuly16,1969,at8:32AM(EasternStandardTime),Collins,BuzzAldrinandNeilArmstrongwerelaunchedoutoftheKennedySpaceCenterinFlorida.TheywerethethreeexplorersNASAhadchosenforthefirstmissionthatwouldeverputamanonthemoon.Fourdaysintotheiradventure,onJuly20,Collinspartedwayswithhiscrewmates.SeatedintheEaglelandingcraft,ArmstrongandAldrinmadetheirlandingontothelunarsurface.AnAmericanflagwasplanted;photosweretaken;Armstrongsaidtheimmortalwords,“Onesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind.”Meanwhile,Collinsstayedbehindinthecrew’scommandmodule(艙),orbitingthemoonashiscolleaguesexploredit.4.WhatmotivatedCollinstodreamofflyingtothemoon?A.Hisfather’sencouragement. B.JohnGlenn’sachievement.C.Hischildhoodexperiences. D.Hisfavoritebook.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutCollinsfromparagraph2?A.HebecamethefirstAmericantoorbitEarth.B.Hedreamedofflyingtothemooninhischildhood.C.Hisfirstspaceexplorationwasaccomplishedbyhimself.D.Heoncewroteanautobiography.6.WhyisCollinsbest-knownmanypeopleuntilnow?A.HewaspraisedbyArmstrong. B.HebecameanAirForcetestpilot.C.HeparticipatedintheworkofApollo11. D.Hereachedthethen-unprecedentedaltitudeof475miles.7.WhichwordcanbebestusedtodescribeCollins?A.Ambitious. B.Lucky. C.Warmhearted. D.Humorous.【答案】4B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文敘述了美國宇航局資深宇航員邁克爾·柯林斯，也是阿波羅11號機組的三名宇航員之一，與世長辭。文章講述他如何成為一名宇航員并進行了著名的阿波羅11號載人登月任務。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In1962,JohnGlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheEarth.Glenn’sachievementwasaninspirationforCollins.(1962年，約翰·格里恩成為第一個繞地球飛行的美國人。格里恩的成就鼓舞了柯林斯)”可知，格里恩成為美國第一個繞地飛行的人的成就激勵柯林斯。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的““Icertainlyhadnochildhooddreamofflyingtothemoonoranywhereelse,buttheideawasextremelyappealing.”CollinswroteinhisautobiographyCarryingtheFire:AnAstronaut’sJourneys.(柯林斯在他的自傳《傳播火種：一個宇航員的旅程》中寫道：“我童年時當然沒有飛到月球或其他任何地方的夢想，但這個想法非常有吸引力?！?”可知，柯林斯曾寫過自傳。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Ofcourse,MichaelCollinsisbestrememberedforhisroleinApollo11.(當然，邁克爾·柯林斯最被人們銘記的是他在阿波羅11號中的角色)”以及第三段的第三句“TheywerethethreeexplorersNASAhadchosenforthefirstmissionthatwouldeverputamanonthemoon.(他們是美國國家航空航天局選擇的第一次載人登月任務的三名探險者)”可知，柯林斯是因為參與了阿波羅11號登月的任務而被世人所牢記。故選C項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“In1962,JohnGlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheEarth.Glenn’sachievementwasaninspirationforCollins.“Icertainlyhadnochildhooddreamofflyingtothemoonoranywhereelse,buttheideawasextremelyappealing.”CollinswroteinhisautobiographyCarryingtheFire:AnAstronaut’sJourneys.(1962年，約翰·格里恩成為第一個繞地球飛行的美國人。格里恩的成就鼓舞了柯林斯。柯林斯在他的自傳《傳播火種：一個宇航員的旅程》中寫道：“我童年時當然沒有飛到月球或其他任何地方的夢想，但這個想法非常有吸引力?！?”可知，正是因為格里恩的成就激勵著柯林斯有了他飛向月球的夢想，因此柯林斯是一個很有遠大抱負的人。故選A項。CHalfofallAustralianteensnowspendmoretime,orasmuchtine,onlinewiththeirfriendsratherthanseeingtheminperson.Thisisdespitethefactthatonethirdofboy’sand42percentofgirlssaysocialmediamakeshardtimesevenmoretough.Teenagerswhowentfromusingsocialmediaweeklytodailyhadahigherriskofdepressionandanxiety,theresearchersfound.NewresearchfromtheAustralianInstituteofFamilyStudieshasrenewedconcernsabouttheimpactofscreentimeonteenagers’mentalhealth.Thefindingsshowed46percentof16-year-oldsand36percentof14-year-oldsspentthesametimecontactingfriendsviaSnapchat,videogaming,InstagramorTikTokasseeingthenface-to-face.Thefindingsalsoshowed7percentof16-year-oldsand5percentof14-ycar-oldsmainlyinteractedwithfriendselectronically.Thehighestpercentageofchildrenwhocommunicatedwithfriendsmostlyviasocialmediawere16-year-oldswithautism(自閉癥),theresearchersfound.Thestudy,whichhasfollowed10,000childrensince2004,surveyed14and15-year-oldsand16and17-year-oldsaboutthetimetheyspentonline.AustralianInstituteofFamilyStudiesresearcherPilarRiosecosaid,“Theplatformsyoungpeopleareusingtocommunehavechangedsignificantlyanddigitaldevicessuchasmobilephoneshavebecomemorereadilyavailabletoadolescents.”“TheCOVID-19pandemichaschangedthewaythatmanyyoungpeopleconnect,withmanyhavingtorelyheavilyondigitaltechnologiestokeepintouchwithfriendsandfamily.”DrRiosecoalsofoundthataquarterofteenswerevictimsofcyber-bullying,includingthreatsandnamecalling.Aquarterofthosewithautismsaidbeingonlinemadeiteasiertobethemselvesandalmosthalfsaidbeingonlinehelpedthemfeelbetterduringdifficulttimes.DrRiosecosaidonlineconnection“appearstohavebenefitsforsomeyoungpeopleintermsofhelpingsocialconnectionandprovidingsupportduringdifficulttimes”.“Providingyoungpeoplewiththeskillstocommunicatesafelyonlineanddealwithcyber-bullyingiscritical,”sheadded.8.Whatdoesthenewresearchshow?A.36%of14-year-oldsmostlycommunicatedwithfriendsonline.B.46%of16-year-oldsmostlycommunicatedwithfriendsonline.C.7%of16-year-oldsspentequaltimewithfriendsonlineandoffline.D.36%of14-year-oldsspentequaltimewithfriendsonlineandoffline.9.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“commune”inparagraph3?A.update B.defend C.connect D.learn10.Whatmayonefourthteenagerswithautismthinkofonlineconnection?A.Itmakesthematease. B.Itisamainthreattothem.C.Itcuresthemofthedisease. D.Itmakesthemexperiencemoredifficulttimes.11.HowcanwehelptheteenagersaccordingtoDrRioseco?A.Byallowingthemtoconnectmoreonline.B.Byteachingthemtoprotectthemselvesonline.C.ByprovidingthemwithmoreInternetlanguages.D.Byofferingthemmoreplatformstocommunicate.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用社交媒體會增加青少年患抑郁癥和焦慮癥的風險?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thefindingsshowed46percentof16-year-oldsand36percentof14-year-oldsspentthesametimecontactingfriendsviaSnapchat,videogaming,InstagramorTikTokasseeingthenface-to-face.(調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，46%的16歲青少年和36%的14歲青少年通過Snapchat、視頻游戲、Instagram或TikTok聯(lián)系朋友的時間與面對面見面的時間相同。)”可知，在14歲的青少年中，36%的人在線上和線下與朋友相處的時間相同。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“digitaldevicessuchasmobilephoneshavebecomemorereadilyavailabletoadolescents(像移動電話這樣的數(shù)字設備對青少年來說已經(jīng)變得更加容易獲得)”可知，移動電話是用來和他人溝通和聯(lián)系的，因此“Theplatformsyoungpeopleareusingtocommune”意為“年輕人用來交流的平臺”，因此劃線詞commune的意思是“聯(lián)系，連接”，和connect意思相近，故選C。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Aquarterofthosewithautismsaidbeingonlinemadeiteasiertobethemselvesandalmosthalfsaidbeingonlinehelpedthemfeelbetterduringdifficulttimes.(四分之一的自閉癥患者表示，上網(wǎng)讓他們更容易成為他們自己，近一半的人表示，上網(wǎng)幫助他們在困難時期感覺更好。)”可知，四分之一的自閉癥青少年認為網(wǎng)絡連接讓他們感到輕松。故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Providingyoungpeoplewiththeskillstocommunicatesafelyonlineanddealwithcyber-bullyingiscritical(為年輕人提供在線安全溝通和應對網(wǎng)絡欺凌的技能至關(guān)重要)”可知，根據(jù)DrRioseco的說法，我們應該通過教他們在網(wǎng)上保護自己來幫助青少年，故選B。DWatershortageisoccurringinsomeoftheUS’biggestfreshwaterreservesanditisalsoevidentinotherpartsoftheplanet,accordingtoaresearchstudypublishedinthejournalNaturelastmonth.TheresearchstudywasconductedbyXanderHuggins,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoriaandhisfellowresearchers.TheEarthhaslessthan3%freshwaterwithonly1%isaccessibletothegrowinghumanpopulation.Bothnaturalfreshwaterreservesandfreshwaterinreservoirsmaybeatriskiftheiramountcontinuestodropandthepopulationcontinuestoincrease.In2021,thereareapproximately7.9billionpeoplebyJanuary31,accordingtotheUnitedStatesCensusBureau.Theresearchstudyfound34trendsinterrestrial(地面上的)waterreservesobservedbytheGravityRecoveryandClimateExperiment(GRACE)satellitesfrom2002to2016.Thesetrendswereacquiredwhentheresearchersexamined1,024basinsacrosstheworldwiththegoalofunderstandinghowwateravailabilitycoupleswithsocialprocessesinthecommunity.AccordingtoHuggins,themainfactortheystudiedwerefreshwaterstress,whichisrelatedtotheamountofH2Othatnaturallyleavesthewatershedorbasinperyear.Thehigherthestressorexitofwaterfromthebasinmeansthattherewillbelesswateravailableforecosystemsandforpeople’sdemands,Hugginsexplains.Thesignificanceofthestudycanbeofinterestnotonlytowaterspecialistsandwaterconservatorsbutalsotogovernmentpolicy-makers.Hugginsstatedthataftermappingthemosthigh-riskfreshwatersourcesandcreatingaframeworktoidentifyhotspotbasins,policymakerswillbeabletoprioritizeaspecificlocation.HugginsshowsthatwhiletheUSscorehighlyintermsofsocialadaptivenessbasedonthestudy’sfreshwaterstressfactor,thecountryhasmanyfreshwaterconcernsthatgoesbe-yondbetweenfreshwaterstressandfreshwaterstorage.ThestatesofIllinoisandOhiohavethehighestlevelsoflead(鉛)pipescarryingwaterfromfreshwaterbasinstoresidentialhouseholds.MeanwhileinColorado,anestimatefromtheColoradoWaterCenterpredictstherewillbea20%to30%lesswateroftheColoradoRiverBasinby2050.12.WhydidHugginsandhisteamexaminethebasinsallovertheworld?A.TosettletheshortageoffreshwaterintheUSA.B.Tofigureoutthenumberofbasinsacrosstheworld.C.Tolearnitspollutionoftherecentyearsacrosstheworld.D.Tounderstandhowwateravailabilityisrelatedwithsocialprocesses.13.WhatdoesHugginsbasehisframeworkforhigh-riskfreshwatersourceson?A.Freshwaterstress. B.People’sdemands.C.Histeam’sassumption. D.Policymakers’requirements.14.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthefreshwaterinIllinoisandOhio?A.Thewaterpipesaretooexpensive.B.Thestorageoffreshwaterdecreasesmostsharply.C.Thewatercarriedtohouseholdsmaybepollutedbylead.D.Theconsumptionoffreshwatergivesthreatstofoodsecurity.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheseAretheMostThreatenedFreshwaterReservesB.TheUSIsLosingSomeofItsBiggestNaturalReservesC.WaterCrisis:Planet’sFreshwaterReservesAreSeriouslyPollutedD.WeAreFacingTerribleWaterShortageonSomeBiggestFreshwaterReserves【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是《自然》雜志上月發(fā)表的一項研究表明，美國一些最大的淡水儲量正在出現(xiàn)缺水問題，地球上其他地方也明顯存在缺水問題?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesetrendswereacquiredwhentheresearchersexamined1,024basinsacrosstheworldwiththegoalofunderstandinghowwateravailabilitycoupleswithsocialprocessesinthecommunity.(研究人員調(diào)查了全球1024個盆地，目的是了解水資源可獲得性與社區(qū)社會進程之間的關(guān)系。)”可知，哈金斯和他的團隊要研究世界各地的盆地是為了了解水資源可得性與社會進程的關(guān)系。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“AccordingtoHuggins,themainfactortheystudiedwerefreshwaterstress,whichisrelatedtotheamountofH2Othatnaturallyleavesthewatershedorbasinperyear.Thehigherthestressorexitofwaterfromthebasinmeansthattherewillbelesswateravailableforecosystemsandforpeople’sdemands,Hugginsexplains.(據(jù)哈金斯說，他們研究的主要因素是淡水壓力，這與每年自然離開分水嶺或盆地的水的數(shù)量有關(guān)。哈金斯解釋說，從盆地流出的水的壓力越高，就意味著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類需求的可用水越少。)”可知，哈金斯的高危淡水資源框架是建立在淡水壓力的基礎(chǔ)之上的。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ThestatesofIllinoisandOhiohavethehighestlevelsoflead(鉛)pipescarryingwaterfromfreshwaterbasinstoresidentialhouseholds.(伊利諾斯州和俄亥俄州從淡水盆地向居民家庭輸送水的鉛管含量最高。)”可知，伊利諾斯州和俄亥俄州的輸送到家庭的水可能會被鉛污染。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“WatershortageisoccurringinsomeoftheUS’biggestfreshwaterreservesanditisalsoevidentinotherpartsoftheplanet,accordingtoaresearchstudypublishedinthejournalNaturelastmonth.(《自然》雜志(Nature)上月發(fā)表的一項研究表明，美國一些最大的淡水儲量正在出現(xiàn)缺水問題，地球上其他地方也明顯存在缺水問題。)”可知，本文主要講的是美國一些最大的淡水儲量正在出現(xiàn)缺水問題，地球上其他地方也明顯存在缺水問題，因此最好的題目是D選項“WeAreFacingTerribleWaterShortageonSomeBiggestFreshwaterReserves(一些最大的淡水儲備正面臨嚴重的水資源短缺)”，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoAverageResultsfromaStudentSurveyStudentsurveysprovidealotofinformationthatschooladministratorscanlearnfrom.____16____Thestudents’attitudetowardstheirprogramsandservicescanbemeasuredbyaveragingtheresultsfromthesurvey.Here’showtoaveragetheseresults.____17____Thestudentsurveymustbepurposefulandshouldacquirespecificresponsesfromstudentsaboutspecificschoolprogramsorservices.Ifthesurveyiswelldesignedtopersuadehonestanswersfromstudents,thenthesurveywillachievethebestresults.Afterallthesurveyquestionnaireshavebeenfilledandreturned,theresultscannowbetabulated(制成表格).____18____Togettheaveragefromthestudentsurveyresults,eachanswermustbeaddedandthesumshouldbedividedbythetotalnumberofstudentforms.Thisistheaveragenumberofrespondentswhoansweredacertainway.Onasurveyquestionthatprovideslevelsofsatisfaction,respondentscananswerwithnumericvalues(數(shù)值),from1to10,accordingtohowsatisfiedtheyare.Iffiveformsweregivenandreturnedvaluesof2,2,5,5and3,thesumwouldbe17andthendividingthatby5willgetyouanaveragesatisfactionratingof3.4.____19________20____Intheabovesatisfactionlevelsurvey,answerchoicescanberepresentedwithatickon“Yes”or“No”.Outoffiftystudentswhoweregivensurveyforms,about45studentsanswered“No”,rating90percent,andtheremaining5answered“Yes”,rating10percent.Usingnumericvaluesisasimplewayforrespondentstoratequestionsorstatementsandwouldbeeasiertoaveragetheresultsattheendofthesurvey.A.Answerchoicescanbedesignedinmanyways.B.Thegoalsforconductingasurveymustbeclear.C.Firstofall,handoutstudentsurveyquestionnaires.D.Theaveragecanalsobeexpressedasapercentage.E.Thenanaverageforeachquestioncanbecalculated.F.Itmeansstudentsaren’tsatisfiedwiththesurveyedsubject.G.Schoolmanagementscanbeimprovedthroughstudentfeedback.【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.F20.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何平均學生調(diào)查結(jié)果?！?6題詳解】空前說“Studentsurveysprovidealotofinformationthatschooladministratorscanlearnfrom.(學生調(diào)查提供了許多學校管理者可以借鑒的信息。)”，空格處應說到這些信息對學校管理有什么好處，G選項“Schoolmanagementscanbeimprovedthroughstudentfeedback.(學生的反饋可以改善學校的管理。)”說明了從調(diào)查得來的信息的作用，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“Thestudentsurveymustbepurposefulandshouldacquirespecificresponsesfromstudentsaboutspecificschoolprogramsorservices.(學生調(diào)查必須是有目的的，應該獲得學生對特定學校項目或服務的具體反應。)”可知，本段是要講調(diào)查的目的，B選項“Thegoalsforconductingasurveymustbeclear.(進行調(diào)查的目標必須明確。)”說明了要明確調(diào)查的目的，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】空前說“Afterallthesurveyquestionnaireshavebeenfilledandreturned,theresultscannowbetabulated(制成表格).(在填寫并返回所有調(diào)查問卷后，現(xiàn)在可以將結(jié)果制成表格。)”，空格處應該說下一步該干什么，E選項“Thenanaverageforeachquestioncanbecalculated.(然后可以計算出每個問題的平均值。)”說明在完成空前說的制成表格的下一步要做的事情，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選E。【19題詳解】空前說“Iffiveformsweregivenandreturnedvaluesof2,2,5,5and3,thesumwouldbe17andthendividingthatby5willgetyouanaveragesatisfactionratingof3.4.(如果給出五種形式，返回值為2、2、5、5和3，那么總和將是17，然后除以5將得到平均滿意度為3.4。)”，空格處應說這個結(jié)果意味著什么，F(xiàn)選項“Itmeansstudentsaren’tsatisfiedwiththesurveyedsubject.(這意味著學生對調(diào)查對象不滿意。)”說明了前面“平均滿意度為3.4”這個結(jié)果的意義，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Intheabovesatisfactionlevelsurvey,answerchoicescanberepresentedwithatickon“Yes”or“No”.Outoffiftystudentswhoweregivensurveyforms,about45studentsanswered“No”,rating90percent,andtheremaining5answered“Yes”,rating10percent.(在上述滿意度調(diào)查中，選擇的答案可在“是”或“否”上打勾。在收到調(diào)查表的50名學生中，45名學生回答“不”，占90%，其余5名學生回答“是”，占10%。)”，說明本段主要說的是可以用百分數(shù)來表示平均滿意度，D選項“Theaveragecanalsobeexpressedasapercentage.(平均值也可以用百分比表示。)”說明了用百分數(shù)來表示平均滿意度，因此引起下文內(nèi)容，符合語境，故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ThisstoryispartoftheMyUnsungHeroseriesfromtheHiddenBrainteamaboutpeoplewhosekindnessleftalastingimpressiononsomeoneelse.MaryAmatowashavinga(n)____21____crisis.Shequitherjobandbecameastay-at-homemotherafterherfirstchildwasborn.Peoplewouldsay,“You____22____working.”andforAmato,thatfeltmorelikeanaccusation(指責)thana(n)____23____offact.“IhadbeenworkingharderthanIhadeverworkedandnotgettingasinglepaycheckor____24____frommysocialnetwork,”shesaid.____25____,herhusband,a(n)____26____sciencewriter,didgetrecognitionforhiswork.Hewonanawardfromachemistryassociation.ShejoinedhimatafeastinCaliforniawherehewaspraisedforhiswork.Theroomwasfilledwithalotofscientists,____27____men.Itwasa(n)____28____affairandthecoupledressedupinatuxedo(無尾晚禮服)andaformalblackdress.Eventually,thehost____29____herhusbandwithaverylonglistofhisaccomplishments.Then,heturnedhis_____30_____toAmatoandgesturedtoher,“Ahomemakerandmotheroftwo.”Amatowas_____31_____.“Irememberfeelingasenseof_____32_____,andIthoughttheymustseemeasstupidorasatraitortothecause,”shesaid.Amatobecameveryself-conscious,tooembarrassedto_____33_____withpeopleafterthespeeches.Soshejustsatathertablestaringatherdessertplateuntilanolderfemalescientistwalkeduptoher.“Shesaid,‘Ijustwantyoutoknowthatwhatyou’redoingisso_____34_____,’”Amatosaid.ThosesimplewordswereexactlywhatAmatoneededatthattimeandtheycompletelychangedher_____35_____.Thatmomenthappenedyearsago,butitstillhasabiginfluenceonAmato.21.A.marriage B.identity C.school D.family22.A.released B.kept C.stopped D.continued23.A.statement B.possibility C.evidence D.result24.A.trust B.belonging C.recognition D.accomplishment25.A.However B.Thus C.Likewise D.Besides26.A.easy-going B.warm-hearted C.self-employed D.award-winning27.A.mostly B.partly C.exactly D.slightly28.A.preparatory B.celebratory C.awkward D.temporary29.A.criticized B.congratulated C.addressed D.introduced30.A.construction B.application C.attention D.invitation31.A.embarrassed B.guilty C.doubted D.blessed32.A.humor B.shame C.responsibility D.refreshment33.A.agree B.compare C.communicate D.compete34.A.valuable B.amazing C.reasonable D.convincing35.A.fortune B.option C.mission D.viewpoint【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公MaryAmato經(jīng)歷了的身份危機，她辭去工作，在生下第一個孩子之后成為了全職媽媽和家庭主婦。一次，跟隨丈夫參加頒獎典禮，丈夫的工作得到認可和獲獎，她為自己感到尷尬和羞愧。而一位女科學家對她的認可使她改變了對自己的想法，對她產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：MaryAmato正在經(jīng)歷身份危機。A.marriage結(jié)婚；婚姻；B.identity身份；特征；C.school學校；D.family家庭；家人。根據(jù)后文“Shequitherjobandbecameastay-at-homemotherafterherfirstchildwasborn.(她辭掉了工作，第一個孩子出生后，成為了一名全職媽媽。)”可知，MaryAmato辭掉了工作，成為一個全職媽媽，這是她新的身份。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們會說：“你不工作了。”A.released釋放；公開；B.kept保持；保存；C.stopped停止；阻止；D.continued持續(xù)；繼續(xù)。分析語境可知，句子主語“You”應是指Amato成為全職媽媽后，不再工作，沒了工作。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對Amato來說，這更像是一種指責，而不是事實陳述。A.statement陳述；說明；B.possibility可能性；C.evidence證據(jù)；證明；D.result結(jié)果。分析可知，“You____2____working.(人們會說：“你不工作了?！?”這句是其他人對于Amato現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的事實陳述。故選A項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我比以往任何時候都更加努力地工作，卻沒有得到一份薪水，也沒有得到我的社交網(wǎng)絡的認可，”她說。A.trust相信；信任；B.belonging歸屬感；所有物；C.recognition識別；承認；D.accomplishment成就；成績。根據(jù)前文“notgettingasinglepaycheck(連一份工資都拿不到)”可推知，她的辛苦付出沒有得到回報和認可，且與后文提及的丈夫時“didgetrecognitionforhiswork(他的工作確實得到了認可)”用詞相呼應，這里應是C項“recognition”。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她的丈夫，一位獲獎的科學作家，確實因為他的工作得到了認可。A.However然而；但是；B.Thus因此；C.Likewise同樣地；類似地；D.Besides況且；此外。根據(jù)后文“didgetrecognitionforhiswork(他的工作確實得到了認可)”可知，丈夫的工作得到了認可，因此，所選詞應是轉(zhuǎn)折含義。故選A項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她的丈夫，一位獲獎的科學作家，確實因為他的工作得到了認可。A.easy-going隨和的；不慌不忙的；B.warm-hearted熱心腸的；友好的；C.self-employed個體經(jīng)營的；不受雇于他人的；D.award-winning獲獎的。根據(jù)后文“didgetrecognitionforhiswork(他的工作確實得到了認可)”可知，丈夫的工作得到了認可，作為科學作家，應是獲獎了。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：房間里擠滿了很多科學家，大多數(shù)是男性。A.mostly主要地；幾乎全部；B.partly一定程度上；部分地；C.exactly準確地；確切地；恰巧；D.slightly稍微；輕微地。根據(jù)后文“anolderfemalescientistwalkeduptoher(一位年長的女科學家向她走來)”可知，宴會上還是有女科學家的，因此可推知，這里應是強調(diào)大部分為男性科學家。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一場慶?；顒樱@對夫婦穿著燕尾服和正式的黑色連衣裙。A.preparatory預備的；籌備的；B.celebratory慶祝的；慶典的；C.awkward令人尷尬的；使人難堪的；D.temporary短暫的；暫時的。根據(jù)前文“ShejoinedhimatafeastinCaliforniawherehewaspraisedforhiswork.(她和他一起參加了加利福尼亞州的一場盛宴，在那里他因工作而受到贊揚。)”可知，這是一個頒獎慶祝典禮。故選B項。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，主持人向大家介紹了她的丈夫，列出了一長串他的成就。A.criticized批評；批判；B.congratulated祝賀；C.addressed致辭；D.introduced介紹；引薦。根據(jù)后文“averylonglistofhisaccomplishments(一長串他的成就)”可知，頒獎典禮主持人宣讀介紹了丈夫取得的一系列成就。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向Amato，向她做了個手勢：“一個家庭主婦，兩個孩子的母親。”A.construction建筑；建造；B.application申請；請求；C.attention注意；關(guān)注；D.invitation邀請。分析語境可知，這里的主語“he”應是指代前文提及的主持人，他介紹完丈夫的成就之后，將話題中心和注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了妻子Amato。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析和動詞詞義辨析。句意：Amato很尷尬。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.guilty感到內(nèi)疚的；感到慚愧的；C.doubted被懷疑的；D.blessed被祝福的。根據(jù)后文Amato的想法“Ithoughttheymustseemeasstupidorasatraitortothecause.(我想他們一定認為我很愚蠢，或者是事業(yè)的叛徒。)”可推知，她當時是很尷尬的。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“我記得當時有一種羞愧感，我想他們一定認為我愚蠢，或者是事業(yè)的叛徒?！盇.humor幽默；心情；B.shame羞恥；羞愧；C.responsibility責任；D.refreshment（在公共活動場所供應或銷售的）飲料；小食。根據(jù)后文Amato的想法“Ithoughttheymustseemeasstupidorasatraitortothecause.(我想他們一定認為我很愚蠢，或者是事業(yè)的叛徒。)”可推知，她當時是很尷尬的，也有點羞愧。故選B項。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Amato很有自知之明，演講結(jié)束后太尷尬而不與人交流。A.agree同意；B.compare對比；比較；C.communicate交流；D.compete競爭；比賽。根據(jù)前文“tooembarrassed(太尷尬)”提及Amato很尷尬可推知，她不愿與人交談。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Amato說：“她說，‘我只是想讓你知道，你所做的是多么有價值?！?。A.valuable有價值的；B.amazing令人震驚的；C.reasonable合理的；D.convincing令人信服的。根據(jù)后文“ThosesimplewordswereexactlywhatAmatoneededatthattime(這些簡單的話語正是Amato當時所需要的)”可推知，女科學家應是對Amato講了激勵的話語，認可她所做的事情是有價值的。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些簡單的話語正是Amato當時所需要的，它們徹底改變了她的觀點。A.fortune運氣；財富；B.option選擇；C.mission使命；職責；D.viewpoint觀點；看法。根據(jù)后文“Thatmomenthappenedyearsago,butitstillhasabiginfluenceonAmato.(那一刻發(fā)生在幾年前，但它仍然對Amato有很大的影響。)”可知，女科學家當時的認可對Amato產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響，改變了她對自己“Ithoughttheymustseemeasstupidorasatraitortothecause.(我想他們一定認為我很愚蠢，或者是事業(yè)的叛徒。)”的看法。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Careertrainingcomesinallforms.As____36____importantpartofcareertraining,onlinetraininghashelpedraisetheskilllevelsofemploye