2022年北京市房山區(qū)高二下學期期末英語試題

房山區(qū)2021—2022學年度第二學期期末檢測試卷高二英語本試卷共10頁，100分。時長90分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Oneday,12-year-oldGabrielwenthomeandtoldhisdad,Richard,thathefelta“bit

down.”Gabrielenjoyed___1___andfellinlovewiththecraftaroundageeightwhenhis

momhandedhimatoymadeofwoodbyhisgrandfather.Buthismiddleschoolclassmates

didn’tconsiderit___2___.Asafather,Richardwasupsetabouthisson’scondition.Itwashardwatchinghiskid

___3___tofitin.Wantingtohelp,Richardreachedouttopeopleonthe___4___.Hecreatedapageandpresentedanewwoodenbowlmadebyhisson,hopingnetizenscould___5___himtogoon.Totheirsurprise,thelittleboygained256,000followersinthreedaysandagreat

numberofsupporterseven___6___hishandmadebowls.Gabrieldidn’twanttobea

businessmansincehehadschoolandhomeworktomanage.Aftermuchthought,hedecidedto

usehisnewfoundfameasanopportunitytoshare___7___.“IdecidethatIcanmakeotherchildren’slivesbetterbydoingalittlebitofsomethinginmyownlife,”Gabrielsaid.Hemadeaspecialbowlwiththewords“ForchildreninAfrica”to

callonothersto___8___forthemonhiswebpageandoneluckydonorcouldgetthisspecial

bowl.Soon,14,123supporters___9___contributed￡254,053forAfricanchildren.Finally,

thebowlfounditswaytothehomeofdonorRenukaChapman.“Gabrielistalentedandcreative,butmorethananything,he’sgotabigheart,”finallycamethe____10____fromhisclassmates.1.A.handwriting B.netsurfing C.woodworking D.fundraising2.A.noisy B.cool C.strange D.fair3.A.refuse B.defend C.hate D.struggle4.A.internet B.show C.course D.street5.A.remind B.encourage C.guide D.command6.A.copied B.repaired C.ordered D.removed7.A.politeness B.comfort C.wealth D.kindness8.A.record B.draw C.donate D.change9.A.surprisingly B.hesitantly C.shyly D.thankfully10.A.suggestion B.praise C.warning D.request【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了12歲的Gabriel喜歡做木工，他在網(wǎng)上通過自己的影響力為非洲兒童捐款的事情?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Gabriel喜歡做木工活，8歲左右，他的媽媽給了他一個祖父用木頭做的玩具，他就愛上了木工活。A.handwriting書法；B.netsurfing網(wǎng)上沖浪；C.woodworking木工；D.fundraising募捐。根據(jù)后文“whenhismomhandedhimatoymadeofwoodbyhisgrandfather”可知是喜歡上了木工活。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是他的中學同學們并不認為這很酷。A.noisy嘈雜的；B.cool酷的；C.strange奇怪的；D.fair公平的。根據(jù)后文“Asafather,Richardwasupsetabouthisson’scondition.(作為一名父親，理查德對兒子的情況感到不安)”可知，Gabriel喜歡木工，但是他的同學并不認為這很酷，Gabriel難以融入。故選B。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看著他的孩子掙扎著難以融入（其他同學），他很難過。A.refuse拒絕；B.defend防御；C.hate討厭；D.struggle掙扎。結合上文可知Gabriel并不喜歡做木工的Gabriel，即要融入同學很掙扎，故選D。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了幫助他，Richard在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上向人們求助。A.internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；B.show展覽；C.course課程；D.street街道。根據(jù)后文“Hecreatedapage”可知，他在網(wǎng)上求助。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他創(chuàng)建了一個頁面，并展示了兒子制作一個新木碗，希望網(wǎng)友們能鼓勵他繼續(xù)下去。A.remind提醒；B.encourage鼓勵；C.guide指導；D.command命令。根據(jù)后文“himtogoon”指鼓勵兒子繼續(xù)做木工。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：令他們驚訝的是，這個小男孩在三天內(nèi)獲得了25.6萬名粉絲，很多支持者甚至訂購了他的手工碗。A.copied復制；B.repaired修理；C.ordered訂購；D.removed去除。根據(jù)后文“Gabrieldidn’twanttobeabusinessman”可知有人想要訂購他的木碗，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過深思熟慮，他決定用自己新獲得的名聲作為一個分享善意的機會。A.politeness禮貌；B.comfort安慰；C.wealth財富；D.kindness善良。根據(jù)后文“IdecidethatIcanmakeotherchildren’slivesbetterbydoingalittlebitofsomethinginmyownlife(我決定通過在我自己的生活中做一點事情，讓其他孩子的生活更好)”可知，他想要分享善意。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他做了一個特別的碗，上面寫著“為非洲的孩子們”，在他的網(wǎng)頁上呼吁其他人為他們捐款，一個幸運的捐贈者可以得到這個特別的碗。A.record記錄；B.draw畫；C.donate捐贈；D.change改變。根據(jù)后文“oneluckydonor”可知是呼吁其他人捐款。故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，14123名支持者為非洲兒童捐出了驚人的254053英鎊。A.surprisingly驚人地；B.hesitantly猶豫地；C.shyly害羞地；D.thankfully感謝地。根據(jù)后文“￡254,053forAfricanchildren”可知捐款達到了驚人的254053英鎊。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“Gabriel有才華，有創(chuàng)造力，但最重要的是，他有一顆寬廣的胸襟，”他的同學們終于表揚了他。A.suggestion建議；B.praise贊美；C.warning警告；D.request要求。根據(jù)上文“Gabrielistalentedandcreative,butmorethananything,he’sgotabigheart”可知，同學在表揚Gabriel。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。MaXubecameamilitarydoctorin1947.She____11____(apply)tobecomea

paratrooperin1961,butherfirstapplicationfailedbecausetherewerenofemaleparatroopers

atthattime.Mawasonly1.53metrestallandweighedjust37.5kg.Butshelearnttoparachute

by____12____(train)hardinsecret.Finally,shebecameChina’sfirstfemaleparatrooper.She

completedover140parachutejumpsoveraperiodof20years.Shealsosetanationalrecordas

theoldestenlistedwomantodoaparachutejump____13____theageof51.In2018,Ma

donatedherentirelifesavingstoherhometown.Thisdonationwas____14____(support)local

educationandpublicwelfare.【答案】11.applied12.training13.at14.tosupport【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章簡要講述了中國第一位女傘兵——馬旭的生平故事?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：她在1961年申請成為一名傘兵，但是她的第一次申請失敗了，因為當時沒有女傘兵。apply申請，動詞；根據(jù)時間狀語in1961可知，空處謂語動詞應使用一般過去時。故填applied?！?2題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：但她通過秘密刻苦訓練學會了跳傘。介詞by后需接動名詞作賓語。故填training?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：她以51歲的年齡創(chuàng)下了跳傘年齡最大的女兵紀錄。在具體的多少歲的時候，應使用介詞at。故填at?！?4題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：這筆捐款用于支持當?shù)氐慕逃凸媸聵I(yè)。結合句子結構可知，此處需用動詞不定式作表語，表示將來要做的事情。故填tosupport。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Peopleoftenwonderaboutthereasonsbehindtheurbanmigrationofanimals.Mostofus

wouldassumethaturbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushingthe

animalsoutoftheir____15____(nature)habitats.Howevertruethisis,____16____wealsoneed

toconsideristhatsomeoftheseso-called“urbananimals”havenevermovedatall—it’swe

humanswhohavemovedintotheirterritory.____17____theygo,animalsfindtownsandcities

intheirway.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwith

us.【答案】15.natural16.what17.Wherever【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。人們常常想知道動物城市遷移背后的原因。我們大多數(shù)人會認為，城市發(fā)展和氣候變化是把動物趕出自然棲息地的原因。無論這是多么正確，我們還需要考慮的是，有些所謂的“城市動物”根本就沒有移動過——是我們?nèi)祟愡M入了它們的領地。無論它們走到哪里，都能看到城鎮(zhèn)和城市。因為沒有別的地方可以安家，他們別無選擇，只能搬來和我們一起住?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們大多數(shù)人會認為，城市發(fā)展和氣候變化是把動物趕出自然棲息地的原因。修飾名詞habitats應用形容詞natural，作定語。故填natural?！?6題詳解】考查主語從句。句意：無論這是多么正確，我們還需要考慮的是，有些所謂的“城市動物”根本就沒有移動過——是我們?nèi)祟愡M入了它們的領地。引導主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，指事情應用what。故填what。【17題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：無論它們走到哪里，都能看到城鎮(zhèn)和城市。引導讓步狀語從句，表示“無論哪里”應用wherever，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Wherever。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Today,thePalaceMuseumhasoneofthemostsignificantcollectionsoftimepiecesintheworld,____18____mainlyoriginatedfromEuropeandChina.Withobjectsrangingfromsmallpocketwatchestoclocksoveronemetreinheight,eachofthese____19____(require)itsownuniquemethodofrestoration.Giventhecomplexityoftheworkandthelackofnecessarymaterials,thismeansthateachexpertcanworkonamaximumoftwolargepiecesayear.But,throughtheirpainstaking____20____(effort),WangJinandhisstudentsdomorethanrepairtheclocks—theybringthembacktolife.【答案】18.which19.requires20.efforts【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。故宮博物院擁有世界上最重要的鐘表收藏之一，短文主要講述了這些鐘表文物的修復工作?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：如今，故宮博物院擁有世界上最重要的鐘表收藏之一，這些鐘表主要來自歐洲和中國。分析句子結構可知，本句是一個由逗號分為兩部分的句子，逗號前為一個簡單句，逗號后是一個缺少主語的從句，這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的timepieces，關系詞在從句中充當主語，故設空處應填關系代詞which。故填which?！?9題詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：從小懷表到一米多高的鐘表，每一件文物都需要獨特的修復方法。分析句子結構可知，設空處在句中作謂語，結合短文其他時態(tài)可知，此處是作一般事實的陳述，用一般現(xiàn)在時即可；其主語為不定代詞each，故謂語動詞需用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，結合給定的動詞require可知，此處應填requires。故填requires?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：但通過他們的艱苦努力，王津和他的學生們做的不僅僅是修理鐘表——他們是讓鐘表起死回生。分析句子結構可知，設空處位于形容詞painstaking后，受其修飾和限定，故需填一個名詞；結合前面的物主代詞their可知，是不止一個人的努力，需用復數(shù)形式。故填efforts。第二部

閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThissummerhasbeenachancetoappreciatenatureandeverythingitoffersup.It’saperfectopportunitytotakealookatsomeoftheworld’sunspoiledplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouchedandremembertheimportanceofkeepingtheiroriginalappearance.BhutanOfficiallyknownastheKingdomofBhutan,thislittlevisitedcountryisontheHimalayas’easternedgeandknownforitsdramaticlandscapesthatrangefromsubtropicstotoweringcliffswithwildflowingrivers,crystalbluelakes,snowcappedpeaksandglaciers,andjungles.Therearenotrafficlightsinthiscountrywhich,sofar,hasmanagedtoescapetheclawsofmasstourismandkeepitsculture.RockIslands,PalauThe445uninhabitedlimestoneislandswereformedfromvolcanicactivity.Theislandshaveahugediversityofplants,birds,andwildlife,alongsidemorethanadozensharkspecies.Theareacontainsthehighestconcentrationofmarinelakesanywhereintheworld.Theonlysignofhumanhabitationisfrom3100BC.Fiordland,NewZealandOneofthemostdramaticallyamazingregionsofNewZealand,Fiordlandcanbeseenonfoot,byair,orbywater.TheMilfordTrackisoneofthemostfamouswalks,withthe33m-longfour-dayjourneytakingtravelerspastthelakes,thetallestwaterfallinthecountry,andglacier-carvedvalleyviews.LakeMonowaiisaglassy,mirrorlikebodyofwatersurroundedbymountainsandbestexploredbyraftonaquietday.NamibDesert,NamibiaAcoastaldesertinthesouthernareaofAfrica,itisknownforitsburntorange-goldensands.TheNamibhasbeendryforatleast55millionyearsandpossiblyasmanyas80million.Thenamemeans“vastspace”,anditstretchesformorethan1200milesalongAngola,NamibiaandSouthAfrica.Incredibly,thetemperaturescollidingwithcoldcurrentscreateafogbeltthatoftenenvelopsthedesert.21.Ifyourfriendisinterestedinsharks,whichofthefollowingcanberecommended?A.Bhutan. B.RockIslands,Palau.C.Fiordland,NewZealand. D.NamibDesert,Namibia.22.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNamibDesert,Namibia?A.ItislocatedattheeasternedgeofAfrica.B.Itcoversmorethan1200milesalongAngola.C.Itisfamousforitsburntorange-goldensands.D.Itwasformedfromvolcanicactivity80millionyearsago.23.Wecanprobablyreadthepassagefrom________.A.atravelguide B.asciencewebsiteC.abiologymagazine D.anenvironmentalreport【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。夏天是欣賞自然風光的好時機，本文主要介紹了不丹、帕勞的巖石群島、新西蘭的菲奧德蘭以及納米比亞的納米布沙漠這四個旅游的好去處?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Theislandshaveahugediversityofplants,birds,andwildlife,alongsidemorethanadozensharkspecies.(島上有各種各樣的植物、鳥類和野生動物，還有十幾種鯊魚。)”可知，如果對鯊魚感興趣，可以去帕勞的巖石群島，因為那里有十幾個不同種類的鯊魚。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“AcoastaldesertinthesouthernareaofAfrica,itisknownforitsburntorange-goldensands.(它是非洲南部地區(qū)的一個沿海沙漠，以燃燒的橙色金黃色沙子而聞名。)”可知，納米布沙漠因其燃燒橘金黃色沙子而聞名。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Thissummerhasbeenachancetoappreciatenatureandeverythingitoffersup.It’saperfectopportunitytotakealookatsomeoftheworld’sunspoiledplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouchedandremembertheimportanceofkeepingtheiroriginalappearance.(夏天是去欣賞大自然的好機會，可以去看看世界上一些未被破壞的自然風光，因為這些地方一直沒有開發(fā)，還保持著原始面貌。)”以及每個段落的小標題及其主要內(nèi)容可知，這是一篇專門介紹旅游去處的文章，最有可能出現(xiàn)在旅游指南上。故選A項。BWangYaping’sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei’s2003spaceflight,whichwasChina’sfirstmannedspacemission.BorninasmallvillageinYantai,ShandongProvincein1980,Wanghadbeenan

enthusiasticlong-distancerunnersinceprimaryschool,andcompetedinlocalsportsmeetings.

In1997Wang,ahighschoolstudent,wasencouragedtoregisterforthepilotrecruitmentprogrambyherclassmatesbecauseshewasgoodatsportsanddidn’twearglasses.The

17-year-oldhadbeenconsideringapplyingtoateachingcollege,asherparentssuggested.

Givenherstrongbuildandabilitytostaycalmunderpressure,WangpassedalltestsaswellasphysicalexaminationsandbecameafemalepilotinChina.Afterfouryearsofsystemic

educationandtoughtraining,Wangeventuallylearnedtoflyfourdifferenttypesofaircraftbeforegraduation.

Duringherserviceasamilitarypilot,sheaccumulated1,567hoursofflighttimeandwas

involvedinmajortaskssuchasthe2008Wenchuanearthquakereliefeffortandthe2008SummerOlympicsinBeijing.InMay2010,WangbecameamemberofChina’sfirstbatchoffemaleastronauts.Thejoy

ofbeingselecteddidnotlastlongasthehardtrainingquicklysankin.Inthefirstyear,Wangcouldnotgetthetoplevelinthehigh-Gtraining,duringwhichshe

hadtoendureeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Thetrainingimitatesthe

environmentwhenthespacecrafttakesoff,entersorbitandreturns.Wangimprovedher

performancebydoingextracore-strengthexerciseseverydaytostrengthenherbackand

abdominalmuscles.Shegotthetoplevelattheendof2011.Wangrealizedherspacedreamin

2013aspartoftheShenzhou-10mission.Overthepasttwoyears,Wanghasloggedinover6,000hoursofstricttraining.Themost

tiringexercisewastheseven-hourunderwatertrainingsessionduringwhichshehadtowearaspecialsuitthatweighedover100kilogramstosimulateextravehicularactivitiesina

weightlessenvironment.WanghasbecomethefirstfemaletaikonauttoworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationas

wellasthefirstChinesewomantoperformaspacewalk.24.WhydidWangwanttobecomeanastronaut?A.Becauseshewasabletostaycalmunderpressure.B.Becauseshewasgoodatsportsanddidn’twearglasses.C.BecauseshewasinfluencedbyChina’sfirstmannedspaceflight.D.Becauseshewasadvisedtoregisterforthepilotprogrambyherparents.25.Fromthispassage,wecanknowthat________.A.Wangwonalong-distancerunnerchampionshipB.WangwasthefirstChinesefemaletotakeaspacewalkC.WangwenttoateachingcollegeencouragedbyherclassmatesD.Wangthoughttheseven-hourunderwatertrainingsessionwaseasy26.WhatdidWangdoaftershejoinedChina’sfirstbatchoffemaleastronauts?A.Shelearnedtoflyfourdifferenttypesofaircraft.B.SheparticipatedintheShenzhou-10missionofChina.C.Shereceivedfouryearsofsystemiceducationinuniversity.D.Shegotinvolvedinthe2008Wenchuanearthquakereliefeffort.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeWang?A.Calmandfriendly. B.Warm-heartedandcreative.C.Modestandhonest. D.Hardworkinganddetermined.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了王亞平成為中國首位進行太空行走的女航天員的歷程?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“WangYaping’sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei’s2003spaceflight,whichwasChina’sfirstmannedspacemission.(王亞平成為宇航員的夢想是受到2003年楊利偉太空飛行的啟發(fā)，那是中國第一次載人航天飛行)”可知，王亞平想成為宇航員是受到中國第一次載人航天飛行的影響。故選C。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“WanghasbecomethefirstfemaletaikonauttoworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationaswellasthefirstChinesewomantoperformaspacewalk.(王亞平是中國第一位在天宮空間站工作的女太空人，也是第一位進行太空行走的中國女性)”可知，王亞平是第一位進行太空行走的中國女性。故選B?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句“Wangrealizedherspacedreamin2013aspartoftheShenzhou-10mission.(2013年，作為神舟十號任務的一份子，王亞平實現(xiàn)了她的太空夢想)”可知，王亞平在加入中國第一批女航天員后，參與了神舟十號的航天任務。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Inthefirstyear,Wangcouldnotgetthetoplevelinthehigh-Gtraining,duringwhichshehadtoendureeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Thetrainingimitatestheenvironmentwhenthespacecrafttakesoff,entersorbitandreturns.Wangimprovedherperformancebydoingextracore-strengthexerciseseverydaytostrengthenherbackandabdominalmuscles.Shegotthetoplevelattheendof2011.(在第一年的高重力訓練中，王沒有達到最高水平，在高重力訓練中，她不得不在旋轉(zhuǎn)的離心機中承受八倍的重力。訓練模擬航天器起飛、進入軌道和返回時的環(huán)境。王通過每天做額外的核心力量練習來增強背部和腹部肌肉，從而提高了她的表現(xiàn)。2011年底，她獲得了最高水平)”可知，王亞平在落后的情況下堅持額外的鍛煉最終獲得最高水平，由此可知她意志堅定；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overthepasttwoyears,Wanghasloggedinover6,000hoursofstricttraining.Themosttiringexercisewastheseven-hourunderwatertrainingsessionduringwhichshehadtowearaspecialsuitthatweighedover100kilogramstosimulateextravehicularactivitiesinaweightlessenvironment.(在過去的兩年里，王亞平已經(jīng)完成了6000多個小時的嚴格訓練。最累的是7小時的水下訓練，期間她必須穿一套重達100多公斤的特殊裝備，以模擬失重環(huán)境中的艙外活動)”可知，王亞平接受的訓練很艱苦，說明她是吃苦耐勞的。綜上，故選D。CHaveyouheardofYangshiLei?Forsome200years,theLeifamilyprovidedtheirdesignandarchitecturaltalenttotheQingDynastyasimperialbuilders.Spanningsevengenerations,theirskillsalongwithexcellentcraftsmanshipensuredthattheyrosetogreatfameandinfluenceinChina.Intheirlaterwork,theyincorporateddetailsofthesouthernarchitecturalstyleandgardendesignideasintheirdesigns.OneoftheplacesshowingthisistheSummerPalace.SituatedinHaidianDistrict,northwestofBeijing,itshowsthebeautyandthegrandeurofroyalgardens.InDecember1998,UNESCOincludedtheSummerPalaceonitsWorldHeritageListanddescribeditas“amasterpieceofChineselandscapegardendesign.”Withover3,000man-madestructures,whichincludebridges,pavilions,andcorridors,eventhelakeareaaloneisashowcaseofmanyoftheLeifamily’sexcellentdesigns.KunmingLakeisdesignedtorepresentthetraditionalChinesegardeningpracticeof“onepond,threehills.”TherearethreesmallislandswithinKunmingLake:NanhuIsland,ZaojiantangIsland,andZhijinggeIsland.ManyfeaturesofKunmingLakeareinspiredbythesceneryfromtheregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Inparticular,theWestDikeisarecreationofthefamousSudiDikeonWestLakeinHangzhou.Thecauseway,whichcanbewalkedacross,cutsdiagonallythroughthesouthernpartofthelake.LiketheSudiDike,theWestDikeisconnectedbysixbridges,eachwithitsowndistinctivestyle.ThelargestbridgeonKunmingLake,however,isthe17-ArchBridge.ItcombinesfeaturesofthePreciousBeltBridgeinSuzhouandtheLugouBridgeinBeijing.Theentirebridgeis150meterslongandeightmeterswide.Ifyoucan’tgofurtherthanBeijing,thendon’tmisstheNationalLibraryofChina.ThisiswheremostoftheLeifamily’sarchitecturaldesigndraftsarekept.Theseincludeprojectivedrawings,frontandsideelevations,revolvingdrawings,andevensomearchitecturalmodelswhichlookremarkablylikedigitalmodelsmadetoday.ThisshowstheadvanceddrawingtechnologyandskilloftheLeiarchitects.Theirarchitecturalabilitywaswayaheadoftheirtime.LiketheSummerPalace,manyothersoftheLeifamily’sstructureshavebeendeclaredUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.Also,in2007,theirarchitecturaldrawingsandmodelswereincludedinUNESCO’sMemoryoftheWorldRegister.TheLeifamily’ssignificantinfluenceonChineseimperialarchitectureensuresthattheirworkisstillrememberedandappreciated.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.TherearethreesmallpondswithinKunmingLake.B.TheSummerPalacewasputontheWorldHeritageListin1998.C.WestLakeisdescribedasamasterpieceofChineselandscapegardendesign.D.The17-ArchBridgeonKunmingLakeisacopyofthePreciousBeltBridgeinSuzhou.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incorporated”inParagraphImean?A.Contained. B.Ignored. C.Compared. D.Described.30.TheauthorsuggestsvisitingtheNationalLibraryofChinato________.A.seethedrawingsoffamouspaintersBknowaboutthenewdigitalproductsC.learnthehistoryoftheQingDynastyD.seethedesigndraftsoftheLeiFamily31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethearchitecturalstylebetweenthenorthandthesouth.B.TopresentthewonderfuldesignandbeautifulsceneryofKunmingLake.C.TostresstheLeifamily’sgreatinfluenceonChineseimperialarchitecture.D.TocallonpeopletoprotectthesceneryandarchitectureoftheSummerPalace.【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。雷氏家族在清朝年間承擔了大量的宮廷和皇家建筑的設計和建造工作，如頤和園等，這個建筑師家族也被成為“樣式雷”。文章主要介紹了雷氏家族對中國皇家建筑的貢獻和影響?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“InDecember1998,UNESCOincludedtheSummerPalaceonitsWorldHeritageListanddescribeditas“amasterpieceofChineselandscapegardendesign.”(1998年12月，頤和園被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》，并被譽為“中國園林設計的杰作”。)”可知，1998年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織將頤和園列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》，B項正確。故選B項?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Intheirlaterwork,theyincorporateddetailsofthesouthernarchitecturalstyleandgardendesignideasintheirdesigns.(在他們后期的作品中，他們將南方建筑風格的細節(jié)和園林設計思想incorporated到他們的設計中。)”可知，雷氏家族后期的作品中，既有南方建筑風格，也有園林設計的想法，由此可推測出，是把二者融入到了他們的設計中，故劃線的詞“incorporated”應表示“包含、融入”的意思，與A項的contained為同義表達。故選A項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Ifyoucan’tgofurtherthanBeijing,thendon’tmisstheNationalLibraryofChina.ThisiswheremostoftheLeifamily’sarchitecturaldesigndraftsarekept.(如果你沒法去比北京更遠的地方，那就不要錯過中國國家圖書館。雷氏家族的大部分建筑設計草圖都保存在這里。)”可知，作者之所以建議去國家圖書館，是因為雷氏家族的大部分建筑設計草圖都保存在這里，由此可推知，你能在國家圖書館看到雷氏家族的設計草圖。故選D項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“HaveyouheardofYangshiLei?Forsome200years,theLeifamilyprovidedtheirdesignandarchitecturaltalenttotheQingDynastyasimperialbuilders.Spanningsevengenerations,theirskillsalongwithexcellentcraftsmanshipensuredthattheyrosetogreatfameandinfluenceinChina.(你聽說過樣式雷嗎？在大約200年的時間里，雷氏家族作為皇家建造者，為清朝提供了他們的設計和建筑天賦。歷經(jīng)七代，他們的技藝和精湛的工藝使他們在中國聲名鵲起，影響深遠。)”以及最后一段的“TheLeifamily’ssignificantinfluenceonChineseimperialarchitectureensuresthattheirworkisstillrememberedandappreciated.(雷氏家族對中國皇家建筑的重大影響確保了他們的作品仍然被銘記和欣賞。)”可知，文章以頤和園的經(jīng)典設計為例，強調(diào)了雷氏家族對中國皇家建筑的貢獻和影響。故選C項。DTechnologyishavinganimpactoneverysport,fromindividualsportssuchasswimming

toteamsportsasdiverseassoccerandsailing.Thosewithaccesstothebesttechnologiesare

playingfasterandsmarter.Themaintechnologicalchangeinrecentyearshasbeenthroughdatacollectionand

analysis.Dataiscollectedbyunderwatercameras,tidalsensors(傳感器),sensorswornby

athletes,videoanalysis,andinmanyotherways.Thedataisthenfedthroughcomputer

softwareandanalyzedbyteammanagers,sportsscientists,coaches,andplayers.Itisnotonlyaboutimprovingperformance,butalsoreducinginjuryandillness.Beloware

justafewexamples.Incycling,bikesensorsmeasurespeed,power,andpedalturns,whicharethensenttothe

cyclist’sglasses.Cyclistscanseeimportantinformationwithouthavingtolookawayfromthe

track.Iftheyneedtohitaspecifictimeintheirtraining,theycanseehowtheyaredoingand

speedupifrequired.ABritishcompany,whichusuallyservicestheaerospaceanddefenceindustries,has

workedtoenableBritishwheelchairathletestoachievea20percentincreaseintheabilityto

gainspeed.Notonlyaretheyfaster,butthepositionalchangesalsoreduceinjurytoplayers’shouldersandelbows.Forotherdisabledathletes,3D-printedprostheticlimbs(四肢)aremore

lightweight,deliveringimprovedpoweroutput.Morerecordsarefallinginswimmingthanthoseinanyothersports,andtechnologyis

playingahugeroleinthis.AttheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland,navalresearchmethods

arebeingusedinapooltoproduce3Dcomputersimulationsofswimmers.Smallchangesin

swimmers’positioningoftheirlimbs,hands,orhowfartheirheadcomesoutofthewatercan

causealargeimpactonspeed.Thesearethenanalyzedtodevelopbetterswimmingstylesfor

swimmers.Inboxing,softwareisavailabletosometeamswhichprovidesdetailedanalysisoftheir

competitors’fightstyles,andthustheirthreatsandopportunitieswhenfacingaparticularboxer.

Thishelpsthemworkontheirstrategies.Somepeoplearguethatsomeofthesetechnologicaladvancesgotoofar.Theybelievethat

theyareaformofcheatingbecausetheygiveathletesanincreasedadvantagethatisbetterthan

theirnaturalability.Itisyetuptothegoverningbodiesofdifferentsportstodecidehowfar

eachtechnologycango.32Whatcanwelearnabouttechnologyinsports?A.Thedataiscollectedbysportsscientists.B.Technologieshavenoimpactonteamsports.C.Thedataisanalyzedbypeoplerelevanttosports.D.Softwareprovidesanalysisofboxers’ownfightstyles.33.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.Cyclistscanseeimportantinformationthroughtechnology.B.3D-printedprostheticlimbsarewidelyusedamongdisabledathletes.C.TheBritishcompanyservicestheaerospaceindustrieswithtechnology.D.Disabledathletescanperformbetterandbelessinjuredbyusingtechnology.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheimpactoftechnologicaladvancesonsports?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Opposed. D.Indifferent.【答案】32.C33.D34.A【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章作者通過列舉科技對三項運動的影響闡述了科技進步對運動的影響，并給出了客觀的評論?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Themaintechnologicalchangeinrecentyearshasbeenthroughdatacollectionandanalysis.Dataiscollectedbyunderwatercameras,tidalsensors(傳感器),sensorswornbyathletes,videoanalysis,andinmanyotherways.Thedataisthenfedthroughcomputersoftwareandanalyzedbyteammanagers,sportsscientists,coaches,andplayers.(近年來的主要技術變化是通過數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析。通過水下攝像機、潮汐傳感器、運動員佩戴的傳感器、視頻分析等多種方式收集數(shù)據(jù)。然后，這些數(shù)據(jù)通過計算機軟件輸入，由球隊經(jīng)理、體育科學家、教練和球員進行分析。)”可知，關于運動方面的科技，數(shù)據(jù)被與運動相關的人員分析。故選C。【33題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“ABritishcompany,whichusuallyservicestheaerospaceanddefenceindustries,hasworkedtoenableBritishwheelchairathletestoachievea20percentincreaseintheabilitytogainspeed.Notonlyaretheyfaster,butthepositionalchangesalsoreduceinjurytoplayers’shouldersandelbows.Forotherdisabledathletes,3D-printedprostheticlimbs(四肢)aremorelightweight,deliveringimprovedpoweroutput.(一家通常服務于航空航天和國防工業(yè)的英國公司，正在努力使英國輪椅運動員的速度提高20%。他們不僅速度更快，而且位置的改變也減少了運動員肩膀和肘部的損傷。對于其他殘疾運動員，3D打印義肢更輕，提供更好的動力輸出。)”可知，本段講述殘疾運動員通過使用科學技術可以表現(xiàn)得更好，受傷也更少。故選D。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Somepeoplearguethatsomeofthesetechnologicaladvancesgotoofar.Theybelievethattheyareaformofcheatingbecausetheygiveathletesanincreasedadvantagethatisbetterthantheirnaturalability.Itisyetuptothegoverningbodiesofdifferentsportstodecidehowfareachtechnologycango.(有些人認為這些技術進步有些過頭了。他們認為這是一種欺騙，因為它們給運動員帶來了比他們天生能力更好的優(yōu)勢。每種技術能走多遠還得由不同體育項目的管理機構來決定。)”可知，作者引用了其他人的看法，并且認為科技對運動的影響多大應該由管理機構來決定，因此推斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inthewild,italldependsonyouwithyoursurvivalknowledgeandequipmenttolife.____35____Youmustbefamiliarwiththeuseofequipment.Theweightoftheequipmentshouldbenomorethan20kg.Herearesomenecessitiesthatareadvisedtotake.You’dbettertakeacompass.Itisnotheavy.Itisentitledtoaplaceinyourequipment.Theuseofthecompassisthemosteffective.SomepeoplemaysayGPSisverypopularnow.____36____Incold,hot,wetandotherbadconditions,suchasabout10degreesbelowzerointhenortheast,GPSuses30%moreelectricitythanroomtemperature.Besidesthat,Iwilltalkabouttheroleoffire.Fireplaysanimportantrolenotonlyincookingfood,butalsoinhelpingusresistthecold.____37____Theordinaryplasticlighterssoldonthestreetareactuallygood,lightweightandeasytouse.____38____Atleastitisabout1.5meterslongand30-50cmwide.Puttingascarfaroundyourneckca